Cholesterol ndi chinthu chokhala ngati mafuta momwe cholesterol zolembera amapanga mkati mwa mtsempha wamagazi. Mapilogalamu ndiomwe chimayambitsa kusintha kwa ma atherosselotic m'thupi la munthu. Kukhalapo kwawo kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha kufa kuchokera ku myocardial infarction ndi hemorrhagic kangapo.
Cholesterol ndi m'gulu la mafuta. Pafupifupi 20-25% ya chinthu ichi imalowa mthupi la munthu limodzi ndi chakudya. Awa ndi mafuta ochokera ku nyama, mitundu ina ya mapuloteni, zina 75-80% zomwe zimapangidwa m'chiwindi.
Thupi longa mafuta limawoneka ngati chofunikira chomangira maselo a thupi la munthu. Zimatenga gawo la kagayidwe kachakudya mu ma cellular, ndi gawo limodzi mwa michere. Chimalimbikitsa kupanga mahomoni ogonana amuna ndi akazi - cortisol, testosterone, estrogen, progesterone.
Mwa mawonekedwe ake oyera, pali cholesterol yaying'ono m'thupi la munthu, yomwe imawonedwa pakupanga mankhwala apadera - lipoproteins. Amabwera ocheperako (cholesterol yoyipa kapena LDL) komanso kachulukidwe kakakulu (HDL kapena gawo labwino). Talingalirani miyezo iti ya cholesterol yamagazi yomwe imayang'aniridwa ndi mankhwala, ndipo zikuyimira zimadalira chiyani?
Kuchuluka kwa cholesterol yoyipa
Zambiri pazambiri - nsanja zazikuluzikulu pa intaneti, mapulogalamu a pa TV, manyuzipepala, ndi zina zambiri, zimayankhula za kuwopsa kwa cholesterol m'thupi la munthu, chifukwa chake zimawoneka kuti zochepa, zimakhala bwino paumoyo komanso thanzi. Koma sichoncho. Popeza chinthucho sichimangokhala "chovulaza", kuyikidwa m'mitsempha yamagazi, komanso zimabweretsa zabwino.
Zimatanthauzanso kukhudzidwa kwa chinthu chofunikira. Monga tanena kale, cholesterol yoopsa komanso yopindulitsa imabisidwa. Gawo lomwe "limamatirira" kukhoma lamitsempha yamagazi ndi chinthu choyipa, chifukwa limapangika zolembera za atherosclerotic.
Kuyesa kopanda kanthu m'mimba kumachitika kuti mupeze mawonekedwe a cholesterol. Zizindikiro zimayezedwa kupunduka mosiyanasiyana lita imodzi kapena mg / dl. Mutha kudziwa zamtundu wambiri kunyumba - chifukwa awa, osanthula apadera amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Anthu odwala matenda ashuga ayenera kupeza chida chomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito nthawi yomweyo mafuta m'thupi komanso shuga m'magazi. Pali zida zina zogwira ntchito zomwe zimawonetsanso zomwe zili hemoglobin, uric acid.
Mafuta a cholesterol (LDL):
- Ngati munthu wathanzi ali ndi chizindikiro chochepera 4 mayunitsi - ichi ndi chachilendo. Kuwonjezeka kwa phindu kumeneku kukapezeka, ndiye kuti amalankhula za matenda. Wodwala akulimbikitsidwa kuti ayambirenso kusanthula kwake. Ngati pali zotsatira zofananira, kudya kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kumafunika. Kaya amwe mapiritsi kapena ayi, amatsimikiza payekha. Statin - mankhwala a cholesterol, samachotsa chomwe chimayambitsa kukula kwa LDL (matenda ashuga, kunenepa kwambiri, kusachita masewera olimbitsa thupi), koma musalole kuti ipangidwe m'thupi, pomwe kumabweretsa zotsatira zoyipa zosiyanasiyana;
- Ngati mbiri yodwala matenda a mtima kapena kuchepa m'mitsempha, kulowetsedwa kwa hemorrhagic m'mbuyomu, angina pectoris, ndiye kuti kuyezetsa magazi kwaubwinobwino ndikwabwinobwino mpaka magawo a 2,5. Ngati apamwamba - kukonza kumafunika mothandizidwa ndi zakudya, mwina mankhwala;
- Odwala omwe alibe mbiri ya pathologies a mtima ndi mitsempha yamagazi, pamaso pa zinthu ziwiri kapena zopitilira, ayenera kukhala ndi malire a 3.3 unit. Ili ndiye gawo la odwala matenda ashuga, chifukwa matenda ashuga amatha kusokoneza mitsempha ya magazi komanso njira ya metabolic mthupi.
Kukula kwa cholesterol (kwathunthu) mpaka 5,2 mmol / l - iyi ndiye mulingo woyenera kwambiri. Ngati kusanthula kunawonetsa kuyambira magawo 5.2 mpaka 6.2 - muyeso wovomerezeka, komanso magawo oposa 6.2 - ambiri.
Makhalidwe Abwino kwa Cholesterol Abwino
Wotsutsana naye wazinthu zoipa ndi cholesterol yabwino. Amatchedwa lipoprotein yapamwamba. Mosiyana ndi chinthu chomwe chimathandizira kuti ziwonetsedwe za atherosulinotic plaques, HDL imadziwika ndi magwiridwe antchito yofunika kwambiri. Amatola cholesterol yoipa m'matengera ndikuwatumiza ku chiwindi, komwe amawonongeka.
Kusintha kwa atherosulinotic m'mitsempha yamagazi kumatha kuchitika osati kokha ndi kuchuluka kwa LDL, komanso kuchepa kwa HDL.
Choyipa choopsa kwambiri pakuyesa mayeso a cholesterol ndikuwonjezereka kwa LDL ndi kuchepa kwa HDL. Kuphatikizika uku komwe kumapezeka mu 60% ya anthu odwala matenda ashuga, makamaka achikulire kuposa zaka 50.
Cholesterol chabwino sichingadzazidwenso ndi chakudya chabwino. Thupi limapangidwa kokha ndi thupi lokha, silimalowa kuchokera kunja. Mlingo wa cholesterol (wopindulitsa) umatengera msinkhu wa munthu komanso jenda. Mwa akazi, chizolowezi chothandizira ndi chofunikira pang'ono kuposa pakugonana kwamphamvu.
Mutha kukulitsa kapangidwe kazinthu zofunikira pogwiritsira ntchito zolimbitsa thupi zolondola. Kuphatikiza apo, masewera amachitanso ntchito ina - nthawi yomweyo HDL imayamba kukulira motsutsana ndi maziko a kuyaka kwa LDL. Chifukwa chake, odwala matenda ashuga akulangizidwa kuti asunthire kwambiri, chitani masewera olimbitsa thupi ngati palibe zotsutsana ndi zamankhwala.
Pali njira inanso yowonjezera HDL - uku ndiko kumwa kwa zinthu zamphamvu zamadzimadzi, mwachitsanzo, 50 g ya cognac. Koma njirayi ndi yoletsedwa mu shuga;; oledzera samaloledwa kwa odwala matenda ashuga. Kwezani cholesterol, amalimbikitsidwa masewera, zakudya zoyenera. Mapiritsi nthawi zambiri amalembedwa kuti athandize kuchepa kwa cholesterol ya LDL.
Mulingo wa HDL m'magazi:
- Ndi magwiridwe antchito a mtima ndi mitsempha yamagazi, HDL mwa amuna / akazi siopitilira 1 unit.
- Ngati wodwala ali ndi mbiri ya matenda a mtima, matenda a mtima, kukomoka kwa hemorrhagic, matenda a shuga, ndiye kuti chizindikirocho chimachokera ku 1 mpaka 1.5 mayunitsi.
Mukamayesedwa magazi, cholesterol yathunthu imakhudzidwanso - uku ndiye kuchuluka kwa HDL ndi LDL. Zomwe zimachitika mwa achinyamata ndizofika mpaka 5.2 mayunitsi. Ngati msungwana ali ndi malire ochulukirapo, ndiye kuti izi zimatengedwa ngati kupatuka kwachizolowezi. Ngakhale kuchuluka kwambiri kwa cholesterol sikuwonetsedwa ndi zizindikiro ndi zizindikiro zake.
Nthawi zambiri, wodwalayo samazindikira kuti mapangidwe atherosulinotic amapanga mkati mwake.
Ndani ali pachiwopsezo?
Chifukwa chake, kuchuluka kwa LDL ndi HDL kunapezeka. Muzochita zachipatala, amatsogozedwa ndi matebulo a miyambo, omwe amagawidwa malinga ndi jenda komanso zaka za munthu. Zaka za anthu odwala matenda ashuga kwambiri, ndizambiri zomwe zimakhazikika. Komabe, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti matenda ashuga ndiwopseza, chifukwa chake, motsutsana ndi maziko ake, mulingo wa anthu odwala matenda ashuga nthawi zonse amakhala wotsika kuposa odwala omwe alibe matendawa.
Ngati ndizoyenera, munthu yemwe samada nkhawa ndi kuwonongeka kwa thanzi komanso zizindikiro zilizonse zosokoneza sangayike kudandaula za momwe mtsempha wake wamagazi uliri. Koma pachabe. Zochita zikuwonetsa kuti anthu onse ayenera kusanthula kamodzi kamodzi pazaka zisanu.
Anthu odwala matenda ashuga amalimbikitsidwa kuti asamangoyendetsa shuga m'magazi, komanso nthawi ndi nthawi amayesa zomwe zili ndi cholesterol yoyipa. Kuphatikiza kwa ma pathologies awiri kumawopseza ndi zovuta zazikulu.
Gulu lamavuto limaphatikizapo:
- Kusuta anthu;
- Odwala onenepa kwambiri kapena onenepa kwambiri a siteji iliyonse;
- Anthu okhala ndi matenda oopsa;
- Ngati mbiri ya kulephera kwa mtima, matenda a mtima ndi mitsempha yamagazi;
- Anthu omwe amasuntha pang'ono;
- Oimira atsikana amphamvu azaka zopitilira 40;
- Akazi pa nthawi ya kusamba;
- Odwala okalamba gulu la okalamba.
Kusanthula cholesterol kumatha kuchitika kuchipatala chilichonse. Pofufuza, mumafunikira 5 ml ya zinthu zachilengedwe, zotengedwa kuchokera mu mtsempha.
Maola 12 musanadye yisiti yamagazi, kuletsa zolimbitsa thupi kumafunika.
Kuwona kafukufuku pa cholesterol
Anthu odwala matenda ashuga amalangizidwa kuti agule chipangizo chapadera chotchedwa electrochemical glucometer. Chipangizochi chimayeza cholesterol kunyumba. Ma algorithm ofufuzira kunyumba ndi osavuta, sangabweretse zovuta, koma nthawi zonse mutha kuwongolera chizindikiro chofunikira.
Kuyesa kwa ma biochemical magazi kumawonetsa mfundo zitatu - kuchuluka kwathunthu kwa chinthu, LDL ndi HDL. Zizindikiro pa chizindikiritso chilichonse ndizosiyana, kuwonjezera apo, zimasiyana malinga ndi zaka za munthu, jenda.
Dziwani kuti palibe chiwerengero chotsimikizika chomwe chimafotokozera kuchuluka kwa cholesterol. Madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito magome omwe amawonetsa kuti ndi amitundu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera komanso moyenera. Chifukwa chake, kuchuluka kapena kuchepa kwa cholesterol kumawonetsa kukula kwa matenda.
Kwa odwala matenda ashuga, muyeso uyenera kuwerengeredwa ndi akatswiri azachipatala. Kuchita kumawonetsa kuti mwa odwala otere, gawo lomwe likuyandikira limafikira malire ochepa, zomwe zimathandiza kupewa zovuta zingapo.
Nthawi zonse mwa akazi:
- OH ndi yabwinobwino kuchokera ku 3.6 mpaka 5.2 mayunitsi. Amati kuchuluka kochulukirapo ngati zotsatirapo zake zimasiyana kuchokera pa mayunitsi 5.2 mpaka 6.19. Kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kulembedwa pomwe cholesterol imachokera kumagawo 6.2.
- LDL ndiyabwinobwino mpaka magulu a 3.5. Ngati kuyezetsa magazi kukuwonetsa zoposa 4.0 mmol / l, ndiye kuti ndiwokwera kwambiri.
- HDL ndi yacibadwa mpaka mayunitsi 1.9. Ngati mtengo wake ndi wochepera 0,7 mmol / l, ndiye kuti munthu akudwala matenda ashuga, mwayi wokhala ndi matendawa ukuwonjezeka katatu.
OH mu kugonana kolimba, monga akazi. Komabe, cholesterol ya LDL imasiyana - malire ovomerezeka ndi 2.25-4.82 mmol, ndipo HDL ili pakati pa mayendedwe a 0.7 ndi 1.7.
Triglycerides ndi Atherogenicity Ratio
Pamaso pa cholesterol yayikulu mthupi la odwala matenda ashuga, pamafunika kuyeretsa mitsempha ya magazi - chakudya, masewera. Madokotala nthawi zambiri amapereka ma statins kapena ma fiber - mankhwala, sikuletsedwa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala azikhalidwe - mankhwala othandizira njuchi, chicory, tincture wa hawthorn, Leuzea dioecious, etc.
Kuti muwone bwino za momwe mafuta amawonongera, zama triglycerides zimawerengedwa. Kwa abambo ndi amayi, malingaliro abwinobwino samasiyana. Nthawi zambiri, mpaka magulu awiri amaphatikiza, omwe ali ofanana ndi 200 mg / dl.
Malire, koma chizolowezi chimakhala mpaka mayunitsi 2.2. Amati malo okwera kwambiri pomwe amawunikira akuwonetsa zotsatira za 2.3 mpaka 5.6 mmol pa lita. Mitengo yayikulu kwambiri kuposa mayunitsi 5.7. Mukamafotokoza zotsatira, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti maulalo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo osiyanasiyana azigawo angagawane, ndiye, chidziwitso chotsatirachi chimatengedwa ngati maziko:
- OH ya oimira onse amuna ndi akazi amakhala magawo atatu mpaka 6;
- HDL mwa amuna - mayunitsi a 0.7-1.73, akazi - kuchokera ku 0.8 mpaka 2.28 mayunitsi;
- LDL mwa amuna kuyambira 2.25 mpaka 4.82, akazi - 1.92-4.51 mmol / l.
Monga lamulo, zizindikiro zowonetsera nthawi zonse zimawonetsedwa pamtundu wa zotsatira kuchokera ku labotale, motsatana, ndipo muyenera kuyang'ana pa iwo. Ngati mungayerekeze zomwe mumayendera pa intaneti ndi zikhalidwe zomwe zapezeka pa intaneti, mutha kuzindikira kuti sizolakwika.
Mutha kuwongolera zomwe zili mu cholesterol powonjezera zinthu zina pamenyu, kuwonjezera kapena kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa nyama, mafuta a nyama, zina.
Kuwerengera kwa zinthu zofunikira komanso zowopsa m'magazi a odwala matenda ashuga kumatchedwa coheroffhero ya atherogenic. Formula yake ndi OH osachepera osachulukitsa lipoproteins, ndiye chifukwa kuchuluka amagawika kukhala kwambiri osalimba lipoproteins. Mtengo wa 2 mpaka 2.8 kwa anthu azaka 20-30 ndiwo wamba. Ngati kusinthaku kukuchokera ku magawo atatu mpaka 3.5 - ndiye njira yokhayo kwa odwala omwe ali ndi zaka zopitilira 30, ngati munthu ndi wocheperako - pali chiopsezo chotenga atherosclerosis. Ngati chiŵerengerocho chili pansipa - ichi sichiri chifukwa chodera nkhawa, chotulukapo chake chiribe phindu lililonse kuchipatala.
Pomaliza: cholesterol ndi yochepa komanso yapamwamba kwambiri, yoyipa ndi yabwino, motero. Anthu opanda mbiri ya CVD amalangizidwa kuti azichita mayeso zaka 4-5 zilizonse, odwala matenda ashuga amafunika kuyeza kangapo pachaka. Ngati muli ndi zisankho zapamwamba za LDL, muyenera kusintha menyu ndi kusuntha zina.
Pafupifupi chizolowezi cha cholesterol chafotokozedwa mu kanema m'nkhaniyi.
