MATENDA A SHUGA RETINOPATHY - MAVUTO NDI MATENDA

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Matenda a shuga a retinopathy ndi amodzi mwa zovuta kwambiri za matenda ashuga, amakula chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa mtima wam'magazi (retina) wamaso. Izi matenda (osiyanasiyana kusiyanasiyana) amapezeka 90% ya odwala matenda ashuga.

Nthawi zambiri, retinopathy imayamba chifukwa cha nthendayi yayitali, koma kuwunika kwamanthawi yake (makamaka, fundus) kumatha kudziwa kukhalapo kwa kusintha kwam'mimba kale kumayambiriro kwa matenda ashuga. Kungozindikira zam'mbuyomu kumathandizira kuchitapo kanthu kofunikira kuti pakhale kusintha kosasintha mu mawonekedwe a maso.

Retinopathy: mawonekedwe a shuga

Kuwonongeka kwamawonekedwe kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga nthawi zambiri kumabweretsa kulumala. Matenda a diabetes omwe amalembedwa kawiri kawiri kuposa anthu omwe samadwala. Pambuyo pa zaka 10 mpaka 10 za matenda ashuga, retinopathy amapezeka mu 99% ya odwala onse.

Makina a chitukuko cha matendawa m'njira yosavuta ali motere. Mitsempha yaying'ono yomwe magazi amayenda kupita ku ziwalo zamasomphenya imawonongeka chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa shuga komanso kuthamanga kwa magazi.

Popeza diso la m'maso limadya mpweya wambiri pa gawo lililonse kuposa minyewa ina iliyonse mthupi, limakhudza kwambiri magazi. Ma Microaneurysms ndi zotupa zimachitika mu minyewa ya m'maso. Macular edema imayamba.

Thupi likuyesera kuthana ndi vuto la kuchepa kwa mpweya ndi zakudya zama cell kudzera pakapangidwe ka ma capillaries atsopano. Njirayi imatchedwa kuchuluka, ndipo kupezeka kwake kumatanthauza gawo la matenda. Mitsempha yachilendo imatha kuthana ndi vuto la kuperewera kwa oksijeni ku minofu; Izi zimatsogolera pakupanga kwa micothrombi ndikupanga minyewa ya michere m'dera la mtima.

Njira izi zitha kutsata:

kuchuluka kowonjezereka kwa kuthamanga kwa maso;
kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha ya optic;
ngalande yovunda yamadzimadzi amkati.

Njira zapanthawi yomweyo zamankhwala zingalepheretse kuwonongeka kwina kwa maso. Ndikofunika kuchiza matenda a retinopathy m'malo opezeka azachipatala omwe amangothandizana ndi matenda a maso.

Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga a retinopathy

Zomwe zimayambitsa mwachindunji kusokonezeka kwa mitsempha ya ziwalo zamasomphenya ndizosokoneza metabolic, ndiye kuti, mawonekedwe akulu a shuga. Kuperewera kwa insulin ndi mafuta osaneneka m'magazi kumayambitsa kuchepa kwa lumen ya mitsempha yamagazi komanso chifukwa cha mapangidwe a zipupa pamakoma awo.

Mitsempha yamagazi yotuluka m'misempha imachepa, metabolism ya okosijeni ndi michere yolowera m'maselo imachepa. Zotsatira zake, ziwalo zina zamthupi zimakhalabe zopanda magazi, zomwe zimayambitsa kukanika komanso necrosis. Omwe ali pachiwopsezo kwambiri ndi impso, miyendo yakumunsi, minofu yamtima, ndi ziwalo zamawonedwe.

Retinopathy imatha kukhala mwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo omwe ali ndi zaka 3-5 mpaka atatha matendawa, ndipo patatha zaka 10 wodwalayo angayembekezere khungu lathunthu.

Matendawa ndi othandizira kwambiri komanso mwachangu kwa anthu odwala matenda amtundu 1 (odwala omwe amadalira insulin). Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, kusintha kwa ma pathological kumakhudza gawo lalikulu la retina.

Kuphatikiza pa kuchuluka kwambiri kwa shuga m'magazi a plasma, palinso zoopsa zomwe zimapangitsa kuti retinopathy akhale ndi shuga:

Kuthamanga kwa magazi (matenda oopsa);
Kusuta
Kulephera kwa impso
Mimba
Kunenepa kwambiri;
Kukhalapo kwa foci a matenda opatsirana mu thupi;
M'badwo (momwe ziliri, umakhala pachiwopsezo cha kusintha kwamisempha);
Makamaka.

Komabe, zinthu zazikuluzikulu zakukopa ndi shuga wambiri komanso matenda oopsa. Matenda a mtundu wa masanjidwewo amachepetsa chiopsezo chokhala ndi retinopathy ndi zina za ziwalo zamawonedwe nthawi zina.

Zizindikiro ndi magawo a matendawa

Pa gawo loyambirira, retinopathy sayambitsa mawonetsedwe owoneka, mtsogolo zizindikiro zotsatirazi zimayamba:

Chingwe pamaso, mawonekedwe a mawanga akhungu;
"Ntchentche" pamaso;
Vitreous hemorrhage;
Kuwongolera m'masomphenya.

Retinopathy imakhala ndi mitundu iwiri ya otaya:

maziko (kapena osatukuka) - kumabweretsa kutaya kochepa mu retina, edema ndi kuwoneka kowonjezera kwamadzi, kumapangitsa minofu edema. Mtundu wamatendawa umadziwika ndi odwala okalamba ndipo umayambitsa kuwonongeka pakuwoneka.
proliferative ndi chifukwa cham'mbuyo retinopathy ndipo imayamba chifukwa cha kuperewera kwa oxygen. Njira yamtunduwu imadziwika ndi kupangidwa kwa ziwiya zazing'ono (capillaries) zomwe zimakula kukhala thupi lamaso ndi retina. Kuchepa mphamvu kwa zombo zatsopano zomwe zimapangidwa kumapangitsa kuti magazi azingotuluka pafupipafupi, kutupa komanso kusokonezeka kwapang'onopang'ono. Gawo lomaliza la retinopathy limatchedwa malo osungira

Mtundu wowopsa wa matenda a shuga molingana ndi kuchuluka kwa chitukuko cha retinopathy ndi matenda ashuga (ana). Awa ndi matenda obadwa nawo omwe retinopathy imatha kukhazikika kuchokera kumbuyo kupita patsogolo kwa miyezi ingapo.

Zotheka kukhala zovuta komanso matenda

Chopinga chachikulu cha retinopathy ndikukana kwamtundu chifukwa chakukwiya kosalekeza komanso kusowa m'thupi. Izi zimapangitsa kuti mukhale wakhungu kwathunthu, komwe sikungasinthe. Kuyambanso kwam'mimba chifukwa cha retinopathy ndi matenda ena amilandu ya matenda ashuga ndi chifukwa chachikulu chakhungu chakhungu m'mayiko otukuka.

Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti odwala matenda ashuga azicheza ndi ophthalmologist kamodzi pachaka, makamaka kamodzi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Ndikofunika kuti kuwunikirako kuchitidwe ndi katswiri wazachipatala wodziwa bwino matenda ashuga. Madokotala oterewa amatha kupezeka m'malo azachipatala apadera a odwala matenda a shuga.

Njira zodziwira kuti mupeze zizindikiro za retinopathy mu shuga ndi motere:

Kuyesa kwa eyelone ndi eye eye (ophthalmoscopy) kuti muone ngati michere yam'mimba;
Kuyesa kwa Fundus;
Visometry - kutsimikiza kwamawonedwe kwamaonedwe kudzera m'matafura;
Kuyang'ana kuchuluka kwa kukakamizidwa kwa intraocular;
Kupima kwa biomicroscopic kwa diso lakunja.

Kuzindikira koyambirira kumakupatsani mwayi wopereka chithandizo choyenera chopewa opareshoni.

Njira zochizira

Chithandizo cha matenda ashuga retinopathy nthawi zonse chimakhala chovuta ndipo ziyenera kuchitidwa molumikizana ndi endocrinologist ndi ophthalmologist.

Kuphatikiza pa njira zamankhwala zomwe zimakhudza kukhazikika kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi mawonekedwe a mtima wamasamba, gawo lofunikira limaseweredwa ndi kupatsa thanzi koyenera komanso chithandizo chokwanira cha insulin. Ngati njira zoyeserera sizikupereka mphamvu zabwino, chithandizo chamankhwala ndi chokhazikika.

Chithandizo cha Conservative

Zakudya za retinopathy zimaphatikizapo:

Kuletsa zakudya zamafuta a nyama (ndikwabwino kuzisintha ndi masamba);
Kuchotsera pa menyu a chakudya chamagulu am'mimba (shuga, maswiti, ma muffins, jams, ndi zina);
Kuwonjezeka kwa zakudya zamagulu osunga zakudya za lipotropic (zakudya zotere zimaphatikizapo nsomba, oatmeal, tchizi cha kanyumba);
Kuchuluka kwa zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba kuposa mbatata.

Vitamini othandizira amagwiritsidwanso ntchito: kwa ziwalo zamasomphenya, mavitamini a B ndi ofunikira kwambiri, omwe amatha kuperekedwa ngati gawo la mavitamini otengedwa pakamwa, kapena kuperekedwa kwa odwala intramuscularly. Mavitamini P, E, C, kukonza Anginin, Ditsinon, Doksium amaikidwa ngati angioprotectors (zinthu zomwe zimateteza makoma amitsempha).

Chithandizo chaposachedwa

Njira yothandiza kwambiri yochizira odwala ndi kuwala kwa laser. Njirayi ndi yolumikizidwa kwa retina, kuimitsa kuoneka kwa ma capillaries atsopano. Ngati laser coagulation ikuchitika munthawi yake, izi zikhazikitsa njirayi mu milandu 80%. Kuphatikizana kumayambitsa kukulira kwa ziwiya "zowonjezera" ndipo zimathandizira kuti pakhale kuwona m'magawo apambuyo a matendawo.

Njira ina yosinthira kapangidwekusintha kwa thupi la vitreous ndi yankho losasinthika ndikubwezeretsanso retina (izi ndizotheka ngati njirayi sinafike posintha).

Sankhani dokotala ndipo pangani naye nthawi pakali pano:

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