Cholesterol ndi yofunika kwambiri komanso yofunika kwa anthu ndi nyama. Mu kapangidwe kake ka mankhwala, ndi lipophilic mowa, chifukwa chake ndicholondola kwambiri kuzitcha kuti cholesterol.
Zambiri zimapangidwa m'thupi, ndipo zochepa ndizomwe zimabwera ndi chakudya. Pafupifupi theka la cholesterol yathunthu imapangidwa m'chiwindi, pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa chisanu ndi chimodzi - m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono omwe ali ndi maselo ake apadera - enterocytes.
Kapangidwe kakang'ono kamapangidwa mwa ma cortical grenical gland, pakhungu ndi kumaliseche kwa amuna ndi akazi.
Kodi phindu ndi zovuta za cholesterol ndi chiyani?
Pazifukwa zina, ambiri amangomva za mbali yoyipa ya cholesterol.
Aliyense amadziwa kuti matenda a plasma akayamba kwambiri, amayamba.
Inde, izi ndi zoona, koma cholesterol ili ndi zinthu zambiri zothandiza.
Izi zopindulitsa mafuta a cholesterol ndi:
- Cholesterol ndi gawo lofunikira la zimagwira ma cell;
- Imatsimikiza zamitundu mitundu ya cell;
- Cholesterol ndiye chinthu choyambirira, chomwe popanda mapangidwe a bile acids ndizosatheka;
- Pogwira nawo mwachindunji cholesterol, kaphatikizidwe ka mahomoni ogonana amuna ndi akazi (androgens ndi estrogens, motsatana) kumachitika, komwe kumakhudza mwachindunji ntchito yakubereka yaumunthu.
Cholesterol ndi yopanda ntchito, ndipo thupi sangachite popanda icho. Koma pawiri ili ndi losiyanasiyana, chifukwa lili momasuka nthawi zambiri. Kwenikweni, cholesterol imazungulira mu mawonekedwe omwe amaphatikizana ndi lipoproteins.
Pali mitundu ingapo ya ma lipoprotein - otsika kwambiri, otsika, apakati komanso apamwamba kwambiri. Owopsa kwambiri kwa thupi la munthu ndi ma lipoproteins a kocheperako komanso otsika kwambiri. Cholesterol yomwe imagwirizanitsidwa ndi iwo imatchedwa "yoyipa", ndipo kuwonjezeka kwa kupsinjika kwake kumakwiyitsa mawonekedwe a atherosclerotic plaque mu zombo. Mosiyana ndi izi, ma lipoproteins okwera kwambiri amawonedwa kuti ndi othandiza kwambiri, ndipo nthawi zambiri njira yayikulu ya chithandizo imakhala yowonjezera kuchuluka kwa cholesterol yomwe imalumikizana nawo.
Ngati kuchuluka kwa cholesterol yotsika-kachulukidwe kakukwera, ma atherosulinotic amana amayamba kupanga pang'onopang'ono m'makoma a zotengera. Popita nthawi, zimachulukana kukula ndipo zimatchinga magazi enieni.
Kuchepa kwa kayendedwe ka magazi kokhazikika kumatha kudziwonetsa ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana: kupweteka kwakanthaŵi kwa angina pectoris (kukanikiza kupweteka kumbuyo kwa sternum), matenda a mtima, "intermittent claudication" syndrome, ubongo woperewera ndi ntchito zamatumbo.
Kodi cholesterol esteration ndi chiyani?
Cholesterol esteration ndimomwe zimapangidwira cholesterol yamafuta ambiri. Zimachitika kuti cholesterol isawonekere pamalire pakati pa lipid ndi madzi. Zomwe zimachitika zimatha kuchitidwa mkati mwa selo komanso kunja kwake, ndipo cholinga chake ndi kusamutsa cholesterol kapena kusintha kuti ikhale yogwira.
Pakusintha kumeneku, lecithin imaphatikizana ndi cholesterol, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mapangidwe a lyonsocin ndi cholesterol. Njira yonseyi imapangidwa ndi enzyme yotchedwa LHAT (lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase).
Zochitika za enzymeyi zimatengera mwachindunji zomwe zimakhala kwambiri maopoprotein. Amayambitsa protein ya lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase transporter, kapena apo-protein A1.
Zotsatira za esterization, ester yomwe imatsogolera imalowa lipoprotein yapamwamba kwambiri. Chifukwa cha izi, kuchuluka kwa cholesterol yosagundika kunja kwa lipoprotein zovuta kumachepetsedwa, ndipo mawonekedwe ake ali okonzekera zigawo zina za cholesterol zaulere.
Kudzera pakuyesa, ma lipoproteins "abwino" amathandiza maselo a cell aulere, chifukwa chake ndiopindulitsa kwambiri.
Kuchokera pamawonedwe a biochemistry, mafuta acids monga linoleic, palmitic ndi stearic nthawi zambiri amakhala nawo pazochitikazo.
Zomwe zimayambitsa cholesterol yayikulu
Monga tanenera pamwambapa, nthawi zambiri mafuta a cholesterol amakula mopanda malire.
Pakhoza kukhala zifukwa zambiri za izi.
Ambiri mwa awa ndi:
- cholowa (chibadwa) chokhala ndi cholesterol owonjezera;
- moyo wongokhala;
- kunenepa kwambiri, makamaka kunenepa kwambiri;
- kusasamala chakudyacho - kukonda kwambiri kudya mwachangu, mafuta, okazinga, osuta komanso zakudya zamchere;
- kukhalapo kwa matenda a kapamba otchedwa shuga mellitus, momwe kupezeka kwa mtima wamitsempha yamavuto kumakhala kosapeweka;
- Nthawi zambiri cholesterol imakwera mwa amuna kuposa akazi;
- Nthawi zambiri kukhalapo kwa matenda amisempha pazaka 40;
- kusuta pafupipafupi komanso kwanthawi yayitali;
- uchidakwa;
- kupsinjika pafupipafupi ndi kupsinjika;
- kukana kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse;
- matenda a chiwindi ndi chithokomiro.
Ngati zidachitika kuti cholesterol malo omwe adayikidwamo m'matumbo, chithandizo chiyenera kuyambika nthawi yomweyo. Njira yoyamba ndikumwa mankhwala a anticholesterolemic.
Itha kukhala mankhwala ochokera ku gulu la ma statins, ma fibrate, sequentie ya anion-kapena mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe amakhala ndi nicotinic acid yambiri. Ndikofunikanso kutsatira zakudya.
Ndikofunikira kupatula mafuta, okazinga ndi osuta, zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi mafuta ambiri azinyama. M'malo mwake, tikulimbikitsidwa kudya nyemba zowonjezereka, nsomba, nyama yopendekera, uchi, mbewu za fulakesi, zowonjezera zakudya, kaloti, kabichi wofiira, masamba atsopano ndi zipatso.
Chotsatira, muyenera kuyamba kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi pafupipafupi ndikuyesera kuti muchepetse thupi, ngati alipo. Ndipo, ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse zovuta zamtundu uliwonse, kutsatira malangizo a adokotala ndikuwunikira thanzi lanu.
Zambiri za cholesterol zimaperekedwa mu kanema munkhaniyi.
