METABOLISM KAPENA METABOLISM - MATENDA A SHUGA

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Tsiku lililonse, munthu aliyense amachita zinthu zambiri. Amaganiza ndikulankhula, amasunthika. Izi ndi zochita zodzifunira zokha. Nthawi yomweyo, machitidwe ambiri amachitika mkati mwa munthu aliyense. Amayang'aniridwa ndi ubongo, dongosolo lamanjenje, mahomoni.
Pakati pawo kagayidwe (kagayidwe).

Kodi kagayidwe ndi chiyani?

Matupi athu amalandila zakudya nthawi zonse. Chilichonse chofunikira chomwe thupi lathu limafunikira. Zonse zosafunikira zikuwonetsedwa. Chitsanzo chosavuta cha kagayidwe kachakudya ndicho kupuma.

Mukapumira, mpweya umalowa m'mapapu. Ili ndi gawo lofunikira - mpweya. Zidzasungidwa, ndiye kuti, zidzalowa m'magazi athu. Ndipo kenako timapumira. Ndipo mpweya umatuluka m'mapapu, koma wopanda ntchito, watopa kale.

Ngati m'mlengalenga mulibe okosijeni, thanzi lathu limayamba kufooka. Ngati kwambiri - munthu adzakhala ngati woledzera. Popanda kupuma, aliyense wa ife adzakhala ndi moyo, mwina ochepera mphindi imodzi.

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani ndi chakudya?

Chitsanzo chovuta kwambiri cha kagayidwe kachakudya ndicho chakudya. Kuti mumve zowona, mwakuya kwathunthu, mumvetsetse tanthauzo lake, muyenera kukhala ndi chidziwitso chochulukirapo m'magawo osiyanasiyana: chemistry, mankhwala, physics.

Mwanjira yosavuta, metabolism imawoneka motere:

chakudya ndi madzi zimalowa m'mimba;
ubongo umayimira kukonzekera kwa michere;
mahomoni osiyanasiyana amalowa m'magazi, ma enzyme amapangidwa;
michere imasweka: mamolekyulu ovuta amapasuka kukhala osavuta;
zinthu zonse ndi mankhwala ofunikira kuti thupi lisungunuke m'madzi, kulowa m'magazi ndipo zimanyamulidwa ndi ziwalo zamkati ndi machitidwe;
zida zonse "zowonjezera" pamapeto pake zimatha mumkodzo komanso ndowe ndikutsitsidwa.

Munthu amalandira chilichonse chofunikira: michere, mphamvu, nyonga, kuthekera kokukhalapo. Chochititsa chidwi, magawo ena a metabolic, mosiyana, amatenga mphamvu.

Chifukwa chake, mwachitsanzo, tikatha kudya chakudya chochuluka komanso chamtima, ambiri a ife timazindikira kuti zimakhala zovuta kuganiza za chinthu. Cholinga chake ndi chosavuta: mphamvu zonse za thupi "zidapita" kukabaya chakudya. Ngati pali zambiri zake, ndiye kuti pamafunika mphamvu zambiri. Ichi ndichifukwa chake akatswiri azakudya amaletsa kwambiri kudya kwambiri. Ndi zakudya zoyenera komanso zoyenera, mphamvu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pama metabolism zimalipiridwa msanga ndi mayamwidwe azinthu zopindulitsa za chakudya.

Kusweka ndi kaphatikizidwe kazakudya kamakhudzana ndi ziwalo zambiri zamkati ndi kachitidwe:

kugaya chakudya;
chiwindi;
impso
kapamba;
kwamikodzo;
minofu.

Mtengo waabolism

Metabolism imatha - kupezeka kwathu kumatha. Kupanga kwaumunthu kumadziwika kuti ndizabwinobwino ngati njira za cleavage, kaphatikizidwe, kusokonekera ndi kuchotsa kwa zinthu zimachitika mokwanira, popanda zolephera.

Koma thupi la munthu nthawi zina limagwira ntchito ndi zolakwika. Mwachitsanzo, wina sangamwe mkaka. Chifukwa chiyani? Chifukwa palibe enzyme yomwe imapangidwa yomwe imayenera kuwononga mapuloteni amkaka. Izi ndizovuta makamaka kwa makanda. Nthawi zina, kuyamwa kwamafuta kapena michere kumagwira ntchito molakwika m'thupi.

Mitundu ya kagayidwe

Pali zambiri zamafuta azakudya zathu. Izi ndi chakudya chamafuta, mafuta ndi mapuloteni kuphatikiza ma acid, mavitamini ndi zina zambiri. Kapangidwe kazinthu zosiyanasiyana zopangidwa mosiyanasiyana ndi kosiyana.

Kusinthana Kwama protein

Mapuloteni amakhala ndi amino acid. Izi ndi zomangamanga ndipo ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zopanga mphamvu zamthupi lathu. Ma amino acid ochokera ku chakudya m'thupi amasinthidwa kukhala ma protein athu. Ali m'gulu la:

magazi
mahomoni;
michere;
chitetezo cha mthupi.

Seti ya amino acid mumitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chakudya ndiyosiyana. Ichi ndichifukwa chake akatswiri azakudya amalankhula mapuloteni muzomera, mkaka kapena nyama. Zokwanira kwambiri ndi mapuloteni a nyama, nsomba, mazira ndi mkaka. Ma amino acid osakwanira amasiyana m'mapuloteni a chimanga ndi mbewu zina. Ichi ndichifukwa chake chakudya chosakanizika chimadziwika kuti ndicho njira yopambana kwambiri yazakudya munthu akamadya zakudya, masamba ndi nyama.

Lipid (mafuta) kagayidwe

Chifukwa chiyani thupi likufunika mafuta? Omwe ali pansi pa khungu lathu salola kuti kuziziritsa. Anthu ambiri owonda omwe amakhala ndi mafuta ochepa owonda amakakamizidwa kuvala makamaka kutentha. Mafuta omwe ali mozungulira impso iliyonse amateteza ziwalozi ku zilonda.

Kutheka kwamafuta kagayidwe - koyenera kulemera komanso chitetezo chokwanira. Komanso, mafuta azakudya ali ndi mavitamini ofunikira - mwachitsanzo, A, D, E.

Ngati munthu sanadye kwa nthawi yayitali, thupi limagwiritsa ntchito mafuta omwe amasungidwa. Ndipo iye amayesera kuti awadzaze iwo. Ndiye chifukwa chake sikulimbikitsidwa kukana chakudya cham'mawa. Pankhaniyi, thupi limagwiritsa ntchito mafuta osungirako, kenako tsiku lonse limafunikira ndipo limafunikira chakudya - kuti zithetse zomwe zatayika. Izi zikachitika nthawi zonse, munthu amakhala wopanda mphamvu - thupi "lowopsa" limadzola mafuta ochulukirapo. Nthawi yomweyo, kupewa zakudya zamafuta sikungathandize. Mafuta ambiri amapangidwa ndi thupi lathu kuchokera ku chakudya chamafuta. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ogula osasinthika osati mafuta okha, komanso ma buns nthawi zambiri amayamba kunenepa.

Carbohydrate kagayidwe

Zinthu izi ndizochepa mu nyama, koma ndizokwanira mu masamba ndi zipatso, mkate ndi chimanga. Ndi zama chakudya. Ili ndiye gwero lalikulu lamphamvu zamunthu. Zakudya zamafuta zimathandizanso pakupanga maselo atsopano. Chitsanzo cha chakudya chopatsa thanzi ndi shuga. Sizowopsa kuti supuni kapena kagawo kameneka kamalimbikitsidwa kuti osewera azitha kutopa msanga.

Pakusweka kwa chakudya chamagulu azakudya, shuga amamasulidwa. Kudzera m'magazi, limayamwa ndi maselo amthupi. Ndikofunikira kuti shuga ya magazi ikhalebe yokhazikika. Mulingo wake umachokera pa 3.3 (pamimba yopanda kanthu) mpaka 7.8 (mutatha kudya) mmol / l (gawo lodabwitsa ili la muyezo limawerengedwa ngati millimol pa lita).

Kutsitsa shuga m'magazi kumapangitsa kuti munthu ataye mphamvu mpaka atha kuzindikira. Kuwonjezeka kosalekeza pamlingo kumatanthauza kuyamwa kwina kwa mafuta osokoneza bongo, motero kusokonezeka kwa metabolic. Potere, shuga wambiri amathira mkodzo. Pali matenda ashuga.

Matenda a shuga

Matendawa akhala akudziwika kwa zaka zoposa 3.5 miliyoni ndipo akufotokozedwa ndi Aigupto akale. Kwa zaka zambiri, zizindikilo zake zokha ndizomwe zimadziwika - uku ndikutulutsa mkodzo wambiri. Mwa njira: asing'anga akale analibe ma labotale ndipo anatsogozedwa ndi chidziwitso cha mphamvu zawo. Chifukwa chomwe matenda ashuga amapezeka, zomwe zimachitika mthupi, sizidadziwikebe. Chifukwa cha izi, mankhwalawa adatha kukhala osathandiza, chifukwa chake matenda osokoneza bongo akhala akuti amapha.

Pambuyo pake, anthu adazindikira tanthauzo la vutoli. Kuti agwetse zakudya zamafuta, ziphuphu zaumunthu zimatulutsa insulini. Nthawi zambiri, kupanga kwake kumachitika mosadukiza, koma kumatheka kwambiri pambuyo chakudya. Ndipo ndiye kuti shuga ya magazi imakhalabe yovomerezeka.

Mtundu woyamba wa shuga wapezeka kuti alibe insulin m'magazi. Chithandizo cha matendawa chili ndi magawo awiri ofunika: awa ndi jakisoni wa insulin (adaphunzira momwe angapangire zaka pafupifupi zana zapitazo) ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa chakudya chomwe chili ndi chakudya chamagulu.
Chingachitike ndi chiyani ngati simukayamba chithandizo? Njira zambiri zimakhazikitsidwa m'thupi, ndipo zina zake zimakhala zowopsa. Mwachitsanzo, matupi ambiri otchedwa ketone amapanga m'chiwindi. Anthu athanzi nawo amakhalanso nawo, koma ochepa. Matupi a Ketone amasokoneza kayendedwe kazotheka ka glucose kulowa m'magazi. Kenako wodwalayo akhoza kudwala.

Zimachitika mtundu 2 shuga. Kenako insulin ya wodwalayo imapangidwa (nthawi zina ngakhale yowonjezera), koma "siyigwira ntchito." Ndi nthenda yofatsa yamatenda, zakudya zapadera nthawi zina zimakhala zokwanira. Komabe, mtundu wovuta wa matenda ashuga 2 ungasokoneze magwiridwe antchito angapo komanso / kapena ziwalo zamkati.

Wathunthu kagayidwe - Ichi ndiye maziko a thanzi la aliyense wa ife, komanso zaka zilizonse. Sizowopsa kuti muzu wa matenda ambiri ndicho zakudya zoyenera. Nthawi yomweyo, chithandizo cha matenda ambiri chimaphatikizapo chakudya.

Kwa munthu aliyense, kagayidwe koyenera ndi kathanzi, thanzi komanso moyo wautali.

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