Thandizo lodzidzimutsa la odwala matenda ashuga

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Matenda a shuga ndi vuto lalikulu la matenda ashuga, omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi glycemia wambiri, yemwe amapezeka motsutsana ndi maziko a kuchepa kwathunthu kapena a insulin ndipo amafunikira thandizo mwachangu. Vutoli limatengedwa kuti ndi lovuta, limatha kukula mwachangu (m'maola ochepa) kapena kwa nthawi yayitali (mpaka zaka zingapo).

Thandizo lodzidzimutsa la odwala matenda ashuga limakhala ndi magawo awiri:

  • pre-medical - zimakhala kuti ndi abale a wodwalayo kapenanso iwo omwe ali pafupi;
  • Chithandizo - chithandizo choyenera chothandizidwa ndi oyimira gulu la ambulansi ndi ogwira ntchito m'magulu azachipatala.

Mitundu ya chikomokere

Kulimbitsa thupi kwadzidzidzi kwa munthu wodwala matenda ashuga kumatengera mtundu wa zovuta zomwe zimapezeka muchipatala. Muzochita zachipatala, mawu akuti "matenda ashuga" ndi chikhalidwe kuphatikiza ketoacidotic ndi hyperosmolar coma. Matenda awo a pathogenesis nthawi zina amafanana, ndipo pamtima pa aliyense amakhala ndi shuga wambiri.

Dera la ketoacidotic limadziwika ndi mapangidwe a matupi a acetone (ketone) okhala ndi ziwerengero zazikulu m'mwazi ndi mkodzo. Vuto limayamba ndi mtundu wa "matenda okoma" omwe amadalira insulin.

Pathogenesis ya hyperosmolar coma imalumikizidwa ndi kuchepa kwa madzi m'thupi komanso magazi ambiri osmolarity. Amayamba kudwala odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a insulin.

Kusiyana kwa zizindikiro

Mawonetseredwe azachipatala amitundu iwiri ya nthabwala za matenda ashuga ndi ofanana:

  • ludzu la m'magazi;
  • kumverera kwa kamwa yowuma;
  • polyuria;
  • kugwidwa kogwedeza;
  • kusanza ndi kusanza
  • kupweteka m'mimba.

Fungo la acetone ndi mawonekedwe omwe amasiyanitsa ketoacidosis ndi zina

Chofunikira paku kusiyanitsa mayiko kuchokera kwa wina ndi mzake ndi kukhalapo kwa fungo la acetone mu mpweya wotulutsidwa mkati mwa ketoacidosis ndi kusowa kwake kwa hyperosmolar coma. Chizindikiro ichi ndichizindikiro cha kukhalapo kwa matupi ambiri a ketone.

Zofunika! Kusiyanitsa kumatha kuchitika pogwiritsa ntchito glucometer ndi zingwe zoyesera kuti mupeze acetone. Zizindikiro za dziko la ketoacidotic ndi shuga pamitundu yama 35-40 mmol / l, mayeso abwino aposachedwa. Hyperosmolar chikomokere - shuga mu kuchuluka kwa 45-55 mmol / l, mayeso osachedwa olakwika.

Njira zina

Pre-medical site

Thandizo loyamba la mtundu uliwonse wa chikomokere cha matenda ashuga liyenera kuyamba ndi zocitika zingapo mpaka kukafika akatswiri oyenerera.

Kodi glycemia ndimatenda a shuga
  1. Wodwala amayenera kuyikidwa pamalo opingasa popanda okwera.
  2. Kuvula zovala kapena kuchotsa zigawo za chipinda cham'mwamba chomwe chimapangitsa zopinga kuti zithandizire.
  3. Ndi kupuma pang'ono komanso kupumira kwambiri, tsegulani zenera kuti pakhale mpweya wabwino.
  4. Kuwunikira kosalekeza kwa zizindikiro zofunika isanafike ambulansi (zimachitika, kupuma, zochita za omwe akukwiya). Ngati ndi kotheka, lembani zidziwitso kuti mupereke kwa akatswiri oyenerera.
  5. Ngati kupuma kwamphamvu kapena palpitation kumachitika, pitani mwachangu kukweza mtima. Wodwala akakhala kuti wazindikira, musangomusiya.
  6. Dziwani mkhalidwe wodwala. Funsani dzina lake, zaka, komwe ali, yemwe ali pafupi naye.
  7. Munthu akasanza, osatheka kukweza, mutu uyenera kutembenukira mbali yake kuti kusanza kusamve.
  8. Pakakhala vuto lakusokonekera, thupi la wodwalayo limatembenuka mbali yake, chinthu cholimba chimayikidwa pakati pa mano (ndizoletsedwa kugwiritsa ntchito chitsulo).
  9. Ngati mukufuna, muyenera kumawotha munthu ndi mapiritsi otenthetsera, chakumwa.
  10. Ngati wodwala ali ndi mankhwala a insulin ndipo ali ndi malingaliro abwino, muthandizireni kupanga jakisoni.

Kusamalira panthawi yake odwala matenda ashuga kumatsimikizira kuti zili bwino
Zofunika! Onetsetsani kuti mukuyimbira ambulansi, ngakhale chithandizo cha othandizira chitakhala chopambana komanso mkhalidwe wa wodwalayo upita patsogolo.

Ketoacidotic chikomokere

Algorithm yolowererapo pachipatala imatengera kukula kwa chikomokere mu matenda a shuga. Chisamaliro chodzidzimutsa pamalopo chimakhala ndikuyika ndi chubu cha nasogastric kuti akondweretse m'mimba. Ngati ndi kotheka, makulitsidwe ndi machulukitsidwe amthupi ndi oksijeni (oxygenapy) amachitika.

Mankhwala a insulin

Maziko a chithandizo chamankhwala choyenerera ndi njira yochizira insulin. Ndi mahomoni othamangitsa pang'ono pokhapokha omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito, omwe amaperekedwa pa Mlingo wochepa. Choyamba, ikani 20 IU ya mankhwalawa m'misempha kapena kudzera m'mitsempha, ndiye ola lililonse kwa 6-8 IU yokhala ndi zothetsera panthawi ya kulowetsedwa.

Ngati glycemia itachepa mkati mwa maola 2, mlingo wa insulin umayamba kawiri. Pambuyo pa mayeso a labotale ndikuwonetsa kuti kuchuluka kwa shuga kufikira 11-14 mmol / l, kuchuluka kwa timadzi timene timachepetsa ndi theka ndipo sikumayendetsedwanso pa physiology, koma pa yankho la glucose la ndende ya 5%. Ndi kuchepa kwinanso kwa glycemia, mlingo wa mahomoni umachepa motero.

Zizindikirozi zikafika pa 10 mmol / l, mankhwala a mahomoni amayambitsidwa kutumikiridwa mwanjira yachikhalidwe (pang'onopang'ono) maola 4 aliwonse. Chithandizo chachikulu chotere chimatha kwa masiku 5 kapena kufikira wodwalayo atakula.


Kuyesedwa kwa magazi - kuthekera kolamulira shuga

Zofunika! Kwa ana, mlingo umawerengeredwa motere: kamodzi 0,1 UNITS pa kilogalamu ya kulemera, ndiye kuchuluka kofanana ola lililonse mu minofu kapena m'mitsempha.

Kukonzanso madzi m'thupi

Njira zotsatirazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kubwezeretsa madzimadzi m'thupi, omwe amaperekedwa ndi kulowetsedwa:

  • sodium kolorayidi 0,9%;
  • shuga wa 5% ndende;
  • Ringer-Locke.

Reopoliglyukin, Hemodez ndi mayankho ofananawo sagwiritsidwa ntchito, kuti zizindikiro za magazi osmolarity zisachulukenso. Madzi oyambira 1000 ml amayamba kulowa mu ola loyamba la chisamaliro cha odwala, chachiwiri mkati mwa maola awiri, chachitatu mkati mwa maola 4. Mpaka kuchepa kwa madzi m'thupi kulipidwa, gawo lililonse la madzi okwanira 800-1000 ml liyenera kuperekedwa mu maola 6-8.

Ngati wodwalayo akudziwa ndipo akhoza kumwa yekha, madzi ofunda a mchere, madzi am'madzi, tiyi wopanda mafuta, ndi zakumwa zina zamtundu wa zipatso amalimbikitsidwa. Ndikofunika kulemba kuchuluka kwa mkodzo womwe watulutsidwa munthawi ya kulowetsedwa.

Kuwongolera acidosis ndi electrolyte bwino

Zowonetsa za acidity ya magazi pamtunda wa 7.1 zimabwezeretsedwa ndikumayambitsa insulin komanso njira yothetsanso madzi m'thupi. Ngati manambala ndi otsika, 4% sodium bicarbonate imayendetsedwa kudzera m'mitsempha. Enema imayikidwa ndi yankho lomwelo ndipo m'mimba mumatsukidwa ngati pakufunika. Mofananamo, kuikidwa kwa potaziyamu chloride mu ndende ya 10% pamafunika (mlingo umawerengeredwa payekha kutengera kuchuluka kwa bicarbonate).


Kulowetsedwa mankhwala ndi mbali imodzi ya matenda a matenda ashuga

Kubwezeretsa potaziyamu m'magazi, potaziyamu mankhwala enaake amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mankhwala amasiya pomwe mulingo wa zinthu ufika 6 mmol / L.

Njira zina

Muli izi:

  1. Mlingo wochepa wa insulin mpaka magawo ofunikira atakwaniritsidwa.
  2. 2,5% ya sodium bicarbonate yankho kuti magazi achulukane.
  3. Ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi - Norepinephrine, Dopamine.
  4. Cerebral edema - diuretics ndi glucocorticosteroids.
  5. Mankhwala a antibacterial. Ngati matendawa akuwoneka mosawoneka, ndiye kuti woimira gulu la penicillin adayikidwa, ngati matendawo alipo, Metronidazole akuwonjezeredwa ku antibayotiki.
  6. Pomwe wodwala amawona kupumula kwa bedi - heparin.
  7. Maola 4 aliwonse, kupezeka pokodza kumayendera, pakalibe - catheterization wa chikhodzodzo.

Hyperosmolar chikomokere

Gulu la ambulansi limakhazikitsa chubu cha nasogastric ndikuchita zomwe zapezeka m'mimba. Ngati ndi kotheka, makulitsidwe, mankhwala a oksijeni, kutulutsa kumachitika.

Zofunika! Pambuyo pokhazikika pamatenda a wodwalayo, amakagonekedwa m'chipinda chothandizira kwambiri odwala ndi odwala, momwe amathandizira amasintha ndikupita kuchipatala cha dipatimenti ya endocrinology kuti akalandire chithandizo.

Zomwe zimapereka chithandizo chamankhwala:

  • Kubwezeretsa zizindikiro za magazi osmolarity, kulowetsedwa kwakukulu kumachitika, komwe kumayamba ndi njira ya hypotonic sodium chloride. Mu ora loyamba, malita awiri amadzi aikiridwa, malita ena 8-10 amadzipaka pakatha maola 24 otsatira.
  • Madziwo akamafika mpaka 11 mm mm / l, njira ya glucose imalowetsedwa m'mitsempha pofuna kupewa hypoglycemia.
  • Insulin imalowetsedwa m'misempha kapena mu mitsempha yambiri ya magawo 10-12 (kamodzi). Kupitilira pa 6-8 PIECES ola lililonse.
  • Zizindikiro za potaziyamu m'magazi pansipansi zimasonyeza kufunikira kwa potaziyamu wa potaziyamu (10 ml pa 1 lita imodzi ya sodium chloride).
  • Heparin chithandizo mpaka wodwalayo ayamba kuyenda.
  • Ndi kukula kwa edema yam'mimba - Lasix, mahomoni a adrenal.

Kugoneka kwa odwala ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yopezera zovuta za matenda ashuga

Kuthandizira ntchito ya mtima, glycosides yamtima amawonjezeredwa ndi dontho (Strofantin, Korglikon). Kusintha njira za metabolic ndi oxidative - Cocarboxylase, mavitamini C, gulu B, glutamic acid.

Chofunika kwambiri ndikudya kwa odwala atakhazikika mu mkhalidwe wawo. Popeza chikumbumtima chimabwezeretsedwa bwino, amalangizidwa kugwiritsa ntchito chakudya cham'mimba - semolina, uchi, kupanikizana. Ndikofunika kumwa kwambiri - timadziti (kuchokera ku lalanje, tomato, maapulo), madzi ofunda a mchere. Kenako, yikani phala, zinthu mkaka, masamba ndi zipatso puree. Pakati pa sabata, lipids ndi mapuloteni amtundu wa nyama siziwonjezedwa mu chakudya.

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