Matenda a shuga a Type 1 ndi matenda osachiritsika omwe amafunikira chithandizo chanthawi zonse ndikuwunika thanzi la wodwalayo. Ndikofunikanso kutsatira mfundo zachakudya zoyenera komanso makamaka kuti mukhale ndi moyo wathanzi. Koma insulin ya matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba ndiye chithandizo chachikulu, popanda zomwe zimatheka ndizosathandiza wodwalayo.
Zambiri
Mpaka pano, njira yokhayo yochizira matenda amtundu wa shuga 1 ndikuwonetsetsa kuti wodwalayo ali bwino kudzera mu jakisoni wa insulin. Padziko lonse lapansi, asayansi akufufuza pafupipafupi njira zina zothandizira odwala. Mwachitsanzo, madotolo amakambirana za kuthekera kwa kupanga kwa maselo abwinobwino a beta a kapamba. Kenako akukonzekera kuperekera odwala kuti achotse matenda ashuga. Koma pakadali pano njira imeneyi sipadadutsa mayesero azachipatala, ndipo ndizosatheka kulandira chithandizo chotere ngakhale mkati mwazoyeserera.
Si odwala onse omwe angathe kuvomereza pomwepo nthawi yomweyo, ena amaganiza kuti pakapita nthawi, shuga amakhalanso ndi chithandizo popanda chithandizo. Koma, mwatsoka, ndi matenda osokoneza bongo omwe amafuna insulini, izi sizingachitike mwaokha. Anthu ena amayamba kubaya insulini pokhapokha atagonekedwa kuchipatala, pomwe matendawa adayamba kale kusewera. Ndikwabwino kuti musabweretse izi, koma kuyamba chithandizo choyenera posachedwa ndikusintha momwe mukukhalira moyo pang'ono.
Kupeza kwa insulin kunali kusintha kwasayansi, chifukwa odwala matenda ashuga asanakhale ochepa kwambiri, ndipo moyo wawo unali woipa kwambiri kuposa wa anthu athanzi. Mankhwala amakono amalola odwala kukhala ndi moyo wabwinobwino ndipo akumva bwino. Amayi achichepere omwe ali ndi vutoli, chifukwa cha chithandizo ndi matenda, nthawi zambiri amatha kutenga pakati ndikubereka ana. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuyandikira mankhwala a insulin osati kuchokera pakuwoneka zoletsa zina za moyo, koma kuchokera ku lingaliro la mwayi weniweni wokhala ndi thanzi komanso thanzi kwa zaka zambiri.
Mukamatsatira malangizo a dokotala okhudzana ndi chithandizo cha insulini, chiwopsezo cha mavuto obwera chifukwa cha mankhwalawa chingachepe. Ndikofunika kusunga insulin molingana ndi malangizo, lowetsani Mlingo womwe dokotala wakupatsani, ndikuwunika tsiku lotha ntchito. Kuti mumve zambiri pazotsatira za insulin ndi malamulo omwe angakuthandizeni kupewa, onani nkhaniyi.
Momwe mungapangire jakisoni?
Kuchita bwino kwa njira yoperekera insulin kumatengera momwe wodwalayo amaperekedwera. Chitsanzo chabwino ndi insulin yolamulira inshuwaransi ili motere:
- Malowo a jakisoni amayenera kuthandizidwa ndi antiseptic ndikuwuma bwino ndi ma napache kuti mowa utha kutuluka pakhungu (ndikuyambitsa kwa ma insulin ena otere siofunikira, chifukwa ali ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda).
- Syringe ya insulin imayenera kuyimba kuchuluka kwa timadzi timene timatulutsa. Mutha kuyamba kutola ndalama zochulukirapo, kenako kuti mumasule mpweya kuchokera ku syringe kupita kumalo enieni.
- Tulutsani mpweya, onetsetsani kuti mulibe mimbulu yayikulu mu syringe.
- Ndi manja oyera, muyenera kupanga khola la khungu ndikulowetsa mankhwalawo ndikuyenda mwachangu.
- Singano iyenera kuchotsedwa, atagwira jekeseni ndi thonje. Kuchepetsa tsamba la jakisoni sikofunikira.
Limodzi mwa malamulo akuluakulu operekera insulin ndikuti mulowe pansi pakhungu, osati minofu. Jakisoni wa intramuscular angayambitse kuyamwa kwa insulin komanso kupweteka, kutupa m'derali.
Simuyenera kusakanikiranso insulini ya mankhwala osiyanasiyana mu syringe yomweyo, chifukwa izi zimatha kudzetsa mavuto ena mosayembekezereka. Ndizosatheka kuneneratu kulumikizana kwa zigawozi, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ndizosatheka kulosera momwe moyo wawo ungagwere ndi kuchuluka kwa odwala
Malo oyendetsera insulin ndi oyenera kusintha: mwachitsanzo, m'mawa mutha kubaya insulin m'mimba, nthawi ya nkhomaliro - pa ntchafu, kenako pamphumi, ndi zina zambiri. Izi ziyenera kuchitidwa kuti lipodystrophy isachitike, kutanthauza kuti kuchepa kwa mafuta onunkhira. Ndi lipodystrophy, zida zomwe zimayamwa insulin zimasokonekera, mwina sizingalowe mwachangu ngati tikufunika. Izi zimakhudza mphamvu ya mankhwalawa komanso zimawonjezera chiopsezo cha spikes mwadzidzidzi m'magazi a magazi.
Jekeseni wa matenda a shuga a 2
Insulin yamtundu wa 2 shuga mellitus sichigwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri, chifukwa matendawa amakhudzana kwambiri ndi zovuta za metabolic pamaselo a cell kuposa kupanga insulin yokwanira. Nthawi zambiri, timadzi timeneti timapangidwa ndi ma cell a pancreatic beta. Ndipo, monga ulamuliro, wokhala ndi matenda amtundu wa 2, amagwira ntchito pafupipafupi. Mwazi wamagazi ukuwonjezeka chifukwa cha kukana insulini, ndiko kuti, kuchepa kwa chidwi cha minofu kuti insulin ipite. Zotsatira zake, shuga sangalowe m'magazi am'magazi, mmalo mwake, amadziunjikira m'magazi.
Ngati ma cell a beta ambiri amagwira ntchito bwino, ndiye kuti imodzi mwazotheka kuchitira odwala matendawa ndi kuwagwiritsa ntchito
Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga komanso kusintha pafupipafupi m'magazi a shuga, maselo amenewa amatha kufa kapena kufooketsa magwiridwe antchito awo. Pankhaniyi, kuti athetse vuto, wodwalayo amayenera kupaka jakisoni kwakanthawi kapena kubwereza insulin.
Komanso, jakisoni wa mahomoni angafunike kuti thupi likhalebe lolimba panthawi yofalitsa matenda opatsirana, omwe ndi mayeso enieni a chitetezo cha matenda ashuga. Zikondamoyo pakadali pano zimatha kutulutsa insulin yokwanira, popeza imakhalanso yovuta chifukwa cha kuledzera kwa thupi.
Ndi matenda a shuga a 2 amtundu wofatsa, odwala nthawi zambiri samatha mapiritsi ochepetsa shuga. Amayendetsa matendawa pokhapokha mothandizidwa ndi zakudya zapadera komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi mopepuka, osayiwala mayeso omwe adokotala amakhala nawo komanso kuyeza shuga m'magazi. Koma munthawi imeneyi pomwe insulini imalembedwa kuti iwonongeke kwakanthawi, ndibwino kutsatira malangizowo kuti mukhalebe osunga matenda m'tsogolo.
Mitundu ya insulin
Pofika nthawi ya zochita, ma insulini onse amatha kugawidwa m'magulu otsatirawa:
Mankhwala atsopano a shuga 2 komanso mayina awo- ultrashort kanthu;
- zochita zazifupi;
- zochita zapakati;
- kuchitapo kanthu kwanthawi yayitali.
Ultrashort insulin imayamba kuchita mphindi 10-15 pambuyo pa kubayidwa. Zotsatira zake m'thupi zimatha kwa maola 4-5.
Mankhwala ochita kupanga mwachidule amayamba kuchita pafupifupi theka la ola pambuyo pobayira. Kutalika kwa kukopa kwawo ndi maola 5-6. Ultrashort insulin imatha kutumikiridwa kamodzi musanadye chakudya kapena itangotha. Insulin yochepa imalimbikitsidwa kuti iperekedwe pokhapokha chakudya, chifukwa samayamba kuchita mwachangu kwambiri.
Insulin yochita pakati, pakudya, imayamba kuchepetsa shuga pokhapokha maola awiri, ndipo nthawi yodziwika bwino imafika maola 16.
Mankhwala osakhalitsa (owonjezeredwa) amayamba kukhudza kagayidwe kazakudya pambuyo pa maola 10-12 ndipo samachotsedwa m'thupi kwa maola 24 kapena kupitilira.
Mankhwala onsewa ali ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Ena mwa iwo amaperekedwa nthawi yomweyo musanadye chakudya kuti mucheletse postprandial hyperglycemia (kuchuluka kwa shuga mutatha kudya).
Ma insulin apakatikati ndi omwe amakhala ndi nthawi yayitali amathandizidwa kuti azikhala ndi shuga nthawi zonse tsiku lonse. Mlingo ndi makonzedwe amasankhidwa payekhapayekha kwa munthu aliyense wodwala matenda ashuga, kutengera zaka zake, kulemera kwake, machitidwe a matenda ashuga komanso kupezeka kwa matenda amodzimodzi. Pali pulogalamu ya boma yopereka insulin kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, omwe amapereka kwaulere mankhwalawa kwa onse omwe akufunika.
Udindo wazakudya
Ndi matenda a shuga amtundu uliwonse, kupatula mankhwala a insulin, ndikofunikira kuti wodwala azitsatira zakudya. Mfundo zachikhalidwe zochizira odwala ndizofanana kwa odwala omwe ali ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya matendawa, komabe pali zovuta zina. Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga omwe amadalira insulin, zakudya zake zingakhale zochulukirapo, popeza amalandila timadzi timeneti kuchokera kunja.
Ndi chithandizo chosankhidwa bwino komanso matenda operewera shuga, munthu amatha kudya pafupifupi chilichonse. Zachidziwikire, tikulankhula zokhazokha zathanzi komanso zachilengedwe, monga zinthu zomalizidwa ndi zakudya zopanda pake sizikuperekedwa kwa odwala onse. Nthawi yomweyo, ndikofunikira kuperekera insulin kwa odwala matenda ashuga ndikutha kuwerengera moyenera kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa, malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa chakudya.
Zomwe zakudya zomwe wodwala amapezeka zimayambitsa matenda a metabolic ziyenera kukhala:
- masamba atsopano ndi zipatso zomwe zili ndi index yotsika kapena yapakatikati;
- zopangidwa mkaka zamafuta ochepa;
- mbewu monga pang'onopang'ono chakudya
- kudya nyama ndi nsomba.
Anthu odwala matenda ashuga omwe amathandizidwa ndi insulin nthawi zina amatha kugula buledi ndi maswiti ena achilengedwe (ngati alibe zovuta za matendawa). Odwala omwe ali ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga ayenera kutsatira zakudya zowonjezera, chifukwa momwemo ndi zakudya zomwe ndizo maziko a chithandizo.
Chifukwa cha kukonza zakudya, mutha kuthana ndi kulemera kwambiri ndikuchepetsa nkhawa pazonse zofunikira
Nyama ndi nsomba ndizofunikanso kwambiri kwa wodwala wodwala, chifukwa ndi gwero lamaproteni, lomwe, ndizomwe zimamangidwa maselo. Zakudya zochokera kuzinthu izi ndizoyenda bwino, zophika kapena zophika, zopatsa mphamvu. Ndikofunikira kupereka zokonda zamitundu yochepa yamafuta ndi nsomba, os kuwonjezera mchere wambiri pakuphika.
Zakudya zonona, zophika komanso zosuta sizilimbikitsidwa kwa odwala omwe ali ndi mtundu uliwonse wa matenda ashuga, mosasamala mtundu wa chithandizo komanso kuuma kwa matendawa. Izi ndichifukwa choti mbale zotere zimadzaza kapamba ndikuwonjezera chiopsezo cha matenda amtima.
Anthu odwala matenda ashuga ayenera kutha kuwerengera kuchuluka kwa mkate mu chakudya komanso mlingo woyenera wa insulini kuti mulingo wachepetsa shuga. Zonsezi zobisika ndi malingaliro, monga lamulo, amafotokozedwa ndi endocrinologist pakufunsana. Izi zimaphunzitsidwanso "m'masukulu ashuga", omwe nthawi zambiri amagwira ntchito kumalo ophunzitsira apadera komanso zipatala.
Ndi chiyani china chofunikira kudziwa za matenda ashuga ndi insulin?
Mwinanso, odwala onse omwe adapezeka ndi izi amakhala ndi nkhawa kuti amakhala ndi matenda ashuga nthawi yayitali bwanji komanso momwe matendawa amakhudzira moyo wawo. Yankho lomveka bwino la funsoli mulibe, chifukwa zonse zimatengera kuuma kwa matendawo ndi momwe munthuyo aliri pamatenda ake, komanso pamalo omwe adapezeka. Wodwala wodwala matenda a shuga 1 atangoyamba kumene, amayamba kukhalanso ndi moyo wabwino kwa zaka zikubwerazi.
Kuti matenda ashuga azikhala ndi ndalama zambiri, ndikofunikira kusankha insulin yoyenera komanso kuti musaphonye jakisoni
Dokotala ayenera kusankha mankhwalawo, kuyesa kulikonse pakudzipaka nokha kungathe kulephera. Nthawi zambiri, wodwalayo amasankhidwa woyamba kuti awonjezere insulini, yomwe amadzayendetsa usiku kapena m'mawa (koma nthawi zina amalimbikitsidwa kuti ajambulidwe kawiri patsiku). Kenako pitani powerengera kuchuluka kwa insulin yochepa kapena ya ultrashort.
Ndikofunika kuti wodwalayo agule kuchuluka kwakhitchini kuti adziwe kulemera kwenikweni, zopatsa mphamvu za calorie ndi kapangidwe kazinthu zam'makina (kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni, mafuta ndi chakudya m'matumbo). Pofuna kusankha kuchuluka kwa insulin yayifupi, wodwalayo ayenera kuyeza shuga m'masiku atatu aliwonse asanadye, komanso maola 2,5 atatha, ndikujambulira zolemba izi m'madongosolo amodzi. Ndikofunikira kuti masiku ano posankha mtundu wa mankhwalawa, mphamvu yamatsamba omwe munthu amadya chakudya cham'mawa, nkhomaliro komanso chakudya chamadzulo ayenera kukhala yemweyo. Itha kukhala chakudya chosiyanasiyana, koma ziyenera kukhala ndi mafuta, mapuloteni komanso chakudya.
Posankha mankhwala, madokotala nthawi zambiri amalimbikitsa kuti ayambe ndi kuchepetsa Mlingo wa insulin ndikuwonjezera pang'onopang'ono ngati pakufunika. Endocrinologist amawerengera kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa shuga masana, asanadye komanso pambuyo pake. Sikuti odwala onse amafunika kubayira insulin yochepa nthawi iliyonse asanadye - ena mwa iwo amafunika kupanga jakisoni kamodzi kapena kangapo patsiku. Palibe chiwembu chogwiritsira ntchito mankhwalawa; chimapangidwa nthawi zonse ndi dokotala aliyense payekhapayekha, poganizira zomwe matendawa amatenga ndi zambiri.
Ndi matenda a shuga, ndikofunikira kuti wodwalayo apeze dokotala woyenera yemwe angamuthandize kusankha chithandizo chabwino ndikukuwuzani momwe zimavutira kusintha moyo watsopano. Insulin ya matenda a shuga 1 ndi mwayi wokhawo wodwala wokhala ndi thanzi labwino kwa nthawi yayitali. Kutsatira malingaliro a madokotala ndikuwonetsetsa kuti shuga ali m'manja mwake, munthu amatha kukhala moyo wonse, womwe siwosiyana kwambiri ndi moyo wa anthu athanzi.
