Zotsatira zoyipa za glucocorticoids

Glucocorticoids ndi gulu la mahomoni omwe amatenga nawo gawo limodzi machitidwe amunthu.

Katunduyu amakhudzanso thupi, makamaka panthawi yovuta, akanjenjemera, atalandira kuvulala kosiyanasiyana, komanso ngati magazi atayika.

Zothandizira zothandizira za glucocorticoids zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati mankhwala amakono. Pamodzi ndi izi, glucocorticoids ali ndi zotsatira zoyipa, nthawi zina zovuta kwambiri komanso zomwe zimayambitsa kusokonezeka kwakukulu pakugwira ntchito kwa thupi.

Kuti timvetsetse momwe limapangidwira zotsatira zoyipa, ndikofunikira kulingalira za momwe algorithm amakhudzidwira amakhudzana ndi mankhwalawa pogwiritsa ntchito timadzi timeneti m'thupi la munthu.

Njira yamachitidwe

Pakadali pano, makampani opanga mankhwala amapanga mitundu yoposa khumi ndi iwiri ya mankhwala, omwe amagwira ntchito kwambiri omwe ndi mahomoni - glucocorticoids. Zonsezi zimakhudza thupi pama cellular.

Hemalo limalowa mu cell kudzera mwaulere ndipo limalumikizana ndi ma membala amtundu wina.

Glucocorticoids owonjezera amatsogolera pakupanga mtundu wapadera wa mapuloteni omwe amakhudza magawo ena a DNA ya munthu. Chifukwa chake, majini omwe amakhudza kuyankha kwa chitetezo cha mthupi ndi kukula kwa kutupa amakhudzidwa.

Kutsegula kwa majini kumayambitsa kuwongolera kwa oteteza zachilengedwe awa, ndipo, chifukwa chake, kutsika kwa njira yotupa ndi choletsa china chake cha chitetezo chaumunthu, chomwe chimachitika chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa kupanga kwa ma antibodies ndi maselo oyera amwazi. Ndi kuchuluka kwa glucocorticoids m'magazi, kaphatikizidwe ka ACTH koletsedwa.

Nthawi yomweyo, Mlingo wocheperako wa glucocorticoid wopangidwa ndi thupi kapena wobweretsedwa kuchokera kunja amakhala ndi mphamvu yolimbitsa thupi.

Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kukopeka kwa ma macrophage - maselo apadera amthupi omwe amatha kugwira ndikusungunula tinthu tachilendo kwa thupi, kuphatikiza mabakiteriya.

Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa chopanga ma catecholamines, kuthamanga kwa magazi kumakwera. Nthawi yomweyo, ziwiya zopapatiza, makoma awo amayamba kuchepa, ndipo mphamvu ya chiwindi imayatsidwa. Kuphatikizika kumeneku kumayambitsa anti-shock komanso anti-poizoni ku thupi.

Ma mahormone amakhudzanso njira yogawa mafuta, ndipo zotere zimachitika mosankha. Chifukwa chake, lipolysis imakulitsidwa mu minyewa ya miyendo, yomwe imalola minofu yamanja ndi miyendo ya munthu kuti ilandire mphamvu zowonjezera. Nthawi yomweyo, kuwonongeka kwamafuta m'malo ena amthupi kumalepheretsa.

Kuchita ndi mahomoni ena

Glucocorticoids imathandizira kuti thupi lonse lizitha kulumikizana ndi mahomoni ena ndikupanga thupi pogwiritsa ntchito mahomoni awa.

Chifukwa chake, amachepetsa mphamvu ya chiwindi kuti apange somatomedin, pomwe amachepetsa kuthekera kwa minofu kuyamwa mapuloteni awa.

Glucocorticoids amachepetsa zochitika za chithokomiro, komanso amathandizira kuti thupi likhale losakhudzidwa ndi mahomoni ogonana.

Gulu lama steroid lilinso ndi anti-insular effect. Popanda kuletsa mwachindunji kupanga insulin, glucocorticoids amachepetsa kwambiri chiwopsezo cha maselo mu timadzi timeneti. Katunduyu amalola thupi kukhalabe ndi homeostasis pogwira ntchito kwambiri ya insulin England pazifukwa zosowa magazi.

Ndizovuta komanso zosiyana momwe zotsatira zoyipa zomwe zimachitika mukamamwa mankhwala a glucocorticoid zimagwirizanitsidwa.

Zotsatira zoyipa

Zotsatira zoyipa za glucocorticoids zimagawika zofunikira komanso zam'deralo. Mndandanda wazotsatira zam'deralo ndizochepa kwambiri ndipo zimachitika ngati mukupweteka pakukonzekera komwe kuli ndi timadzi timeneti kapena chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito intraasal.

Zotsatira zoyipa za ma glucocorticoids a intranasal akufotokozedwa motere:

• maonekedwe a kuyabwa m'minyewa;
• kusisita
• kusapeza bwino mu nasopharynx;
• kuwonongeka kwa seophum ya nasopharyngeal.

Chifukwa cha kutenga inhalations ya mankhwala, chifuwa, dysphonia, ndi kutupa kwa pakamwa patsekeke. Mndandanda wazotsatira zoyipa ndizofunikira kwambiri ndipo zimagawika malinga ndi dongosolo liti la thupi lomwe limadwala chifukwa chomwa mankhwalawa.

Mankhwala amachepetsa adrenal ntchito. Zowopsa zili m'lakuti ntchito ya gland iyi imabwezeretseka pang'onopang'ono - gland ya adrenal ikhoza kukhala yopanda nkhawa kwa miyezi yambiri atatha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a steroid. Kuchotsa kwa glucocorticoids ndi kowopsa chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa timadzi ta m'madzi timeneti kumapangitsa munthu kulowa pamavuto kapena atavulala, zomwe zingayambitse chiopsezo pamoyo wa wodwalayo.

Adrenal glands

M'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku, kuponderezana ndi adrenal, kukulitsidwa ndi kuchotsedwa kwa glucocorticoids, kumayambitsa kuperewera, kusadya, kuchepa thupi, komanso ngakhale kutentha thupi. Koma chiwopsezo chachikulu chimayambitsidwa ndi hypotension yomwe imayamba chifukwa cha kusintha kwa mahomoni osinthika, omwe ndi ovuta kuthandizira ndi mankhwala opatsirana oopsa.

Kumwa mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya glucocorticoid kumapangitsanso kukokoloka kwa mankhwalawa, motero njira yayitali yodwala imatha kubweretsa matenda oopsa a endocrine - matenda a shuga.

Thupi la munthu amene amamwa Mlingo wambiri wa ma steroid limavulala kwambiri matenda, makamaka matenda opatsirana.. Ndi matenda omwe nthawi zambiri amayambitsa imfa ya odwala otere.

Chifukwa cha kuponderezedwa kwa chitetezo cha mthupi, matenda am'deralo amatha kusintha zinthu kukhala zofunikira, kenako "kugona" pathogenic microflora. Izi ndizofunikira makamaka kwa tubercle bacillus ndi tizilombo tina tomwe timatha kukhalapo mu mawonekedwe osagwira m'thupi la munthu kwazaka zambiri kapenanso makumi.

Ngati wodwala amadziwika ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa kumatha kubweretsa matenda oopsa chifukwa cha kuchepa kwamitsempha yamagazi. Matenda ngati amenewo amapita patsogolo msanga ndipo ndi ovuta kuthandizira ndimankhwala wamba a antihypertensive.

Magazi

Kugwiritsa ntchito glucocorticoids kumatha kuyambitsa magazi ochulukirapo. Choopsa kwambiri ndikutukuka kwa mitsempha yayikulu ndi kuphipha kwamitsempha yamagazi.

Kumwa ma steroids, makamaka pamlingo waukulu, kumakhudza mkhalidwe wamatumbo. Zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mankhwalawa zingayambitse kapamba ndi magazi am'mimba. Ngati simupereka chidwi chifukwa cha izi, zilonda zam'mimba ndi zam'mimba zimatha. Ndizothekanso kukula kwamafuta kuwonongeka kwa maselo a chiwindi.

Mothandizidwa ndi glucocorticoids ochulukirapo, kutsika kwa kupsinjika ndi kuchuluka kwa mafupa amunthu kumachitika. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kutsekeka kwa mchere wa calcium kuchokera ku minofu ya mafupa ndipo zimabweretsa zovuta. Nthawi zina kumwa mankhwalawa kumabweretsa mawonekedwe a compression fraptures a mafupa osiyanasiyana. Makamaka, zotsatira zoyipa zotere zimachitika motsutsana ndi kusamba kwa kubereka ndi kusowa kwa zakudya m'thupi.

Ziwalo zamawonedwe zimatha kuvulazidwa zenizeni kuchokera ku glucocorticoids - pali ngozi yochepetsera maonedwe aclaity, kukula kwa glaucoma komanso ngakhale maati.

Nthawi zambiri pamakhala kupanikizika kowonjezereka, komwe kumapangitsa kuwonongeka kwa mutu ndi mutu.

Ma steroid owonjezera amtunduwu amasangalatsa dongosolo lamanjenje. Izi zikuwonetsedwa mwa kusowa tulo, kukhumudwa, psychosis. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala kusowa tulo, kuwonjezereka kwa kusokonekera, kusokonekera kwaphokoso.

Kuphatikiza apo, pakhoza kukhala kusokonezeka mu msambo komanso msambo wa kugonana, kusungidwa kwa madzimadzi ndi edema, kuchuluka kwakanthawi kowonjezera thupi, mpaka kunenepa. Mwa ana ndi achinyamata, mankhwala osokoneza bongo amatha kuyambitsa kukula ndi kudabwitsa, kuletsa njira yakutha msinkhu, ndi kuwonongeka kwa minofu. Zizindikiro zina zomwe zimakhala ndi zovuta za glucocorticoids zingachitike.

Mphamvu yovomerezeka ya glucocorticoids ndikuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa zolandilira komanso kumva kwawo kuzinthu zothandizira thupi.

Bongo

Komabe, kuyendetsa mwangozi mankhwala a ultrahigh mlingo kumatha kuyambitsa mavuto kwa wodwala. Zotsatira zoyipa kwambiri za bongo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito posunga madzi mthupi ndi kuphwanya sodium - potaziyamu wabwino.

Poyerekeza ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo, matenda a Itsenko-Cushing amakhala, edema, legeni, potaziyamu, komanso matenda oopsa. Nthawi zina pamakhalanso zosakhudzana zamkati zamanjenje zamkati, zomwe zimafotokozedwa pakupanga psychosis, zopanda pake, zokoka, khunyu.

Osati kawirikawiri, mankhwala osokoneza bongo a glucocorticoids amakhala ndi ululu m'mimba - colic, kutentha kwa mtima. Izi zimayendera limodzi ndi mseru, nthawi zina - kusanza. Ngati mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kusiya kwa kanthawi kochepa kwa mankhwalawo kumasonyezedwanso, komanso ngati mankhwala omwe amaletsa zizindikiro zosasangalatsa. Palibe njira yochizira bongo yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Zotsatira zoyipa zochepa

Mosiyana ndi bongo, mavuto a glucocorticoids amafuna chidwi chapadera kuchokera kwa akatswiri.

Zochita panthawi yake komanso zolondola zothandiza kuchepetsa mavuto zimatha kusintha moyo wabwino ndikukhalanso ndi thanzi la wodwalayo.

Nthawi zambiri, regimen yofatsa komanso mlingo wa mankhwala amathandizidwa. Kuchepa mphamvu kwa chitetezo chathupi kumathandizidwa ndimankhwala akukonzanso, chiwopsezo cha matenda chimachepetsedwa ndi vaccinations ndi chithandizo chofunikira.

Kugwiritsa ntchito kukonzekera kwa kashiamu, mavitamini ovuta, komanso mosiyana ndi vitamini D, thiazal diuretics amawonetsedwa. Nthawi zina, makonzedwe a insulin ndi diphosphonates amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Makanema okhudzana nawo

Kufunika kwa glucocorticosteroids (glucocorticoids) mu mankhwala amakono:

Mwambiri, zotsatira zoyipa za glucocorticoids ndizachilendo komanso zowopsa. Chifukwa chake, mulingo woyenera, njira yosankhidwa moyenera ndi chithandizo cha zovuta ndizovomerezeka pazithandizo zamtunduwu wa mankhwalawa. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kutsatira zakudya, zochitika tsiku ndi tsiku komanso kupezeka kwa zochitika zolimbitsa thupi.