Hyperglycemia ndimatenda a thupi momwe shuga yowonjezera imawonedwa m'magazi (mwachidziwitso mu seramu yake).
Kupatuka kofananira kumasiyananso kuchokera kofatsa, pomwe mulingo umadutsa pafupifupi nthawi 2, mpaka kwambiri - x10 kapena kupitilira apo.
Kuopsa kwa matenda
Mankhwala amakono amasiyanitsa madigiri asanu a kuvuta kwa hyperglycemia, komwe kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga wa seramu komwe kumadutsa:
- kuyambira 6.7 mpaka 8.2 mmol - wofatsa;
- 8.3-11 mmol - pafupifupi;
- zoposa 11.1 mmol - lolemera;
- mankhwala a seramu oposa 16,5 mmol wa glucose amayambitsa matenda a shuga;
- kupezeka kwa magazi a shuga woposa 55,5 mamilimita kumabweretsa kukomoka kwa hyperosmolar.
Zizindikiro zolembedwazo zimakhala zofanana ndipo zimatha kusiyana kutengera mawonekedwe amunthu. Mwachitsanzo, amasiyana mwa anthu omwe avulala kagayidwe kazakudya.
Zoyambitsa Zokhazikika za Hyperglycemia
Zomwe zimayambitsa hyperglycemia ndizosiyanasiyana. Mitu ikuluikulu ndi:
- syndromes zopweteka kwambiri zomwe zimapangitsa kuti thupi lipange kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa thyroxine ndi adrenaline;
- kutayika kwa magazi ambiri;
- mimba
- kuperewera kwakakwanira kwamaganizidwe;
- kusowa kwa mavitamini C ndi B1;
- chakudya chamafuta ambiri;
- zosokoneza pakupanga mahomoni.
Ponena za chifukwa chachikulu cha hyperglycemia (biochemistry), ndi amodzi okha - opatsa mphamvu kagayidwe kazinthu. Hyperglycemia nthawi zambiri imadziwika ndi matenda ena - matenda ashuga.
Mwakutero, kupezeka kwa chikhalidwe chogwirizana panthawi yomwe matenda omwe sanapezeke nawo atha kuwonetsa komwe adachokera. Chifukwa chake, anthu omwe akukumana ndi matenda amtunduwu amalimbikitsidwa kuti apimidwe mokwanira.
Vuto la kudya limatha kupangitsa kukhalapo kwa matenda omwe amafunsidwa.
Makamaka, anthu omwe ali ndi bulimia amanosa ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha matenda a shuga, momwe munthu amakhala ndi vuto lamphamvu la njala, chifukwa chake amadya chakudya chochuluka kwambiri.
Thupi silingathe kupirira izi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti shuga awonjezeke. Hyperglycemia imawonedwanso ndi kupsinjika kwapafupipafupi. Zotsatira za kafukufuku wambiri zikuwonetsa kuti anthu omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mavuto amisala amatha kukumana ndi shuga ochulukirapo mu seramu yamagazi awo.
Kuphatikiza apo, kukhalapo kwa hyperglycemia kumatha kuchititsa chidwi cha stroko komanso kugunda kwa mtima, komanso kukulitsa mwayi wodwala wina akamwalira. Chowunikira chofunikira: zomwe zimayambitsa kusala kudya kwa hyperglycemia ndimomwe zimasunthira nkhawa. Kupatula kokha zovuta za m'magulu pakupanga mahomoni.
Vutoli limathanso kuchitika chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ena ake.
Makamaka, ndi zotsatira zoyipa za antidepressants, proteinase inhibitors ndi antitumor mankhwala.
Tsopano za mahomoni omwe amayambitsa hyperglycemia.
Chochititsa chachikulu kwambiri cha hyperglycemia ndi insulin, yomwe imayang'anira shuga m'thupi. Kuchuluka kapena kusakwanira kumabweretsa shuga wambiri. Chifukwa chake, mahomoni otchedwa hyperglycemia amakula m'matenda a shuga nthawi zambiri.
Tsopano pakuchulukitsa komwe mahomoni angayambitse hyperglycemia. Izi ndi zinthu zofunikira za chithokomiro. Thupi likatulutsa kuchuluka kwa mahomoni oterewa, vuto la metabolism ya carbohydrate limayamba, pomwe, limayambitsa shuga. Matendawa a adrenal amathandizanso shuga. Amapanga: zogonana zomwe zimagwira, adrenaline ndi glucocorticoids.
Zoyambazo ndizoyimira mapuloteni kagayidwe, ndipo, makamaka, zimachulukitsa kuchuluka kwa amino acid. Kuchokera pamenepo, thupi limatulutsa shuga. Chifukwa chake, ngati pali mahomoni ambiri ogonana, izi zingayambitse hyperglycemia.
Glucocorticoids ndi mahomoni omwe amalipira zotsatira za insulin. Zikalephera kupanga zawo, zosokoneza mu kagayidwe kazakudya zimatha kuchitika.
Adrenaline amagwiranso ntchito ngati chopinga pakupanga glucocorticoids, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kuchuluka kwake kapena kuchepa kwake kungakhudze shuga. Kwambiri pazifukwa izi, kupsinjika kungayambitse hyperglycemia.
Ndipo chinthu chinanso chachikulu: hypothalamus ndiyo imapangitsa ntchito ya adrenaline. Mkulu wa glucose akatsika, amatumiza chizindikiro choyenera kwa tiziwalo tamadontho totulutsa adrenal, kulandira komwe kumayambitsa kumasulidwa kwa kuchuluka kwa adrenaline.
Zizindikiro
Chizindikiro cha matenda amtunduwu ndizosiyanasiyana ndipo zimatengera kuchuluka kwa kukweza kwa glucose komanso machitidwe a thupi la wodwalayo.
Pali zizindikiro zazikulu ziwiri zomwe zimawoneka nthawi zonse pamene hyperglycemia imachitika.
Choyamba - ili ndi ludzu lalikulu - thupi likuyesera kuthana ndi shuga wowonjezera mwakuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa madzimadzi. Chizindikiro chachiwiri - kukodza pafupipafupi - thupi limayesetsa kuchotsa shuga wambiri.
Munthu amene wakula kwambiri wa hyperglycemia amathanso kumva kutopa kosatheka ndi kutayika kwa chidwi. Mkhalidwe wa epidermis nthawi zambiri umasintha - umakhala wouma, womwe umayambitsa kuyabwa ndi mavuto ochiritsa mabala. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala zosokoneza mu ntchito ya mtima.
Ndi shuga wambiri, kusokonezeka kwa chikumbumtima kumachitika. Wodwalayo amatha kusefukira ndi kukomoka. Pang'onopang'ono munthu wina akakumana ndi vuto, amatha.
Thandizo loyamba ndi chithandizo
Mukazindikira zizindikiritso zoyambirira za vutoli, muyenera kuyeza kuchuluka kwa shuga pogwiritsa ntchito chipangizo chapadera.
Ngati mulingo wa shuga uli pansipa 14, simuyenera kuchita chilichonse mwapadera - ndikwanira kupatsa thupi madzi ofunikira (pafupifupi lita imodzi kwa ola limodzi).
Kenako muyenera kumawerengera nthawi iliyonse kapena ngati vutolo likuipiraipira. Kupezeka kwamadzi kumatha kukhala kovuta chifukwa chofooka kapena kufinya wodwala.
Zikatero, nkoletsedwa kutsanulira madzi mkamwa mokakamiza, chifukwa cha izi, ndikofunikira kulowa m'malo opumira, chifukwa chomwe munthuyu azitsamwitsa. Pali njira imodzi yokha yotumizira - kuitana kwadzidzidzi. Pamene akuyenda, wodwalayo ayenera kupanga malo abwino kwambiri.Ngati glucose aposa kuchuluka kwa 14 mmol pa lita imodzi, ndikofunikira kuti jekeseni wa insulin muyezo womwe umayikidwa pa izi.
Kupanga mankhwala kuyenera kupitilira mu 90-120 mphindi mpaka mkhalidwe.
Ndi hyperglycemia, kuchuluka kwa acetone pafupifupi kumatuluka mthupi - kumayenera kutsitsidwa.
Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kuchita zam'mimba pogwiritsa ntchito njira yomwe mukufuna, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito njira ya sopo (5-10 magalamu a lita imodzi).
Makanema okhudzana nawo
Zizindikiro ndi mfundo zothandizira pa hyperglycemia:
Chipatala chichita mayeso athunthu, ndikuwona zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa ndikuwapatsa chithandizo choyenera. Mankhwalawa pawokha amathandizira pazinthu ziwiri: kusunga magwiridwe antchito amthupi ndikuchotsa zomwe zimayambitsa matenda. Choyamba, nthawi zambiri chimaphatikizanso kuyambitsa insulini (pafupipafupi kapena nthawi yowonjezera).
