Kuphatikiza pa hemoglobin wokhazikika, glycated hemoglobin, kapena HbA1c, imapezekanso m'magazi a anthu.
Ndi chizindikiro chabwino cha thanzi la wodwalayo, kukulolani kuti muzindikire mofulumira komanso moyenera zovuta za metabolism, komanso zovuta zina monga matenda amtundu 1 komanso matenda a shuga.
Kuyesedwa pafupipafupi kwa mayeso a hemoglobin a glycated kumathandizira odwala omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo komanso odwala omwe ali ndi vuto lodana ndi kagayidwe kazakudya kuti amvetsetse momwe chithandizo chomwe dokotala amasankha ndi chodwala.
Glycated hemoglobin: ndi chiyani?
Glycated hemoglobin kapena HbA1c ndi phata lomwe limapangidwa m'magazi chifukwa chotsatira kuchuluka kwa glugose komanso hemoglobin yachilendo.
Mapangidwewo ndi okhazikika ndipo pambuyo pake sadzasinthidwa kukhala chinthu china chilichonse.
Kutalika kwa moyo wa phata lotere ndi pafupifupi masiku 100-120, kapena kutalika kwa nthawi yomwe selo la magazi "limangokhala". Chifukwa chake, kuyesedwa kwa magazi komwe amathandizidwa ndi othandizira ogwira ntchito akhoza kupereka chidziwitso chonse cha kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin m'miyezi itatu yapitayo.
Mitundu ina ya hemoglobin imapezekanso m'magazi a anthu. Komabe, ndi HbA1c yomwe imatengera mwachangu kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi ndipo ndiwothandiza kwambiri.
Glycated and glycosylated hemoglobin: kodi ndi chinthu chomwecho kapena ayi?
Nthawi zambiri, kuwonjezera pa tanthauzo wamba la "glycated hemoglobin," madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito mawu ngati "glycosylated hemoglobin," potero amasocheretsa odwala.
M'malo mwake, mawu omwe alembedwa amatanthauza zofanana.
Chifukwa chake, atalandira kutumizidwa kuti aoneke hemoglobin wa glycosylated, sayenera kuchita mantha. Umu ndi mtundu wamaphunziro omwe amadziwika bwino ndi odwala matenda ashuga, zomwe zimathandiza kuwunika momwe magazi alili odziwika bwino m'miyezi itatu yapitayo.
Kodi HbA1c yathunthu imawonetsa chiyani poyesa magazi?
Mukapereka magazi ku hemoglobin ya glycated, ndikofunikira kudziwa chifukwa chake kuyesedwa kwamtunduwu kumachitika, komanso zotsatira zake kumauza katswiriyo.Hemoglobin yomwe ili m'maselo ofiira amatha kuyamwa glucose kuchokera m'madzi a m'magazi. Mafuta ochulukirapo amakhala ndi thupi, momwe zimakhalira akamapanga HbA1c.
Kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin wa glycated kumadalira mwachindunji kuchuluka kwa shuga pamagazi amoyo wamagazi ofiira.
Ndipo popeza erythrocyte a "mibadwo" yosiyanasiyana ilipo m'magazi, akatswiri nthawi zambiri amatenga chisonyezo (kwa masiku 60-90) ngati maziko. Ndiye kuti, akalumphira zizindikiro, makulidwe a HbA1c m'magazi sangachitike kale kuposa masiku 30-45.
Chifukwa chake, atalandira zotsatira za kuwunikirako, dokotala yemwe amapezekapo amatha kuzindikira kuti wodwalayo ali ndi vuto lochotsa kagayidwe kazakudya, kapena ngati akhala akudwala matenda a shuga kwa nthawi yayitali.
Njira za hemoglobin A1c zosankha
Masiku ano, akatswiri amagwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana pofuna kudziwa A1c m'magazi a odwala. Pachifukwa ichi, tikulimbikitsidwa kukayezetsa kuchipatala chomwecho. Kupatula apo, zotsatira zomwe zimapezeka pakufufuza pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana zimatha kusiyanasiyana.
M'mabotolo amakono, njira zotsatirazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti mudziwe kuchuluka kwa glycogemoglobin:
- HPLC (mkulu ntchito chromatography). Kuwerengera kumachitika pokhapokha pogwiritsa ntchito chosanthula;
- ntchito yamanja (ion exchange chromatography). Kuti muzindikire kuchuluka kwa chidwi, magazi athunthu amaphatikizidwa ndi njira yotsekera. Kuchita za mtundu uwu wa kusanthula kumafunanso kupezeka kwa chosinkhira chaotomatiki chosintha;
- otsika mavuto ion kusinthana chromatography. Kuphatikiza kwabwino kwa malingaliro a ogula ndi mawonekedwe a mawunikidwe amachititsa njira iyi kukhala yotchuka kwambiri. Zotsatira zomwe zapezeka pogwiritsa ntchito HPLC ndipo njirayi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zofanana;
- pogwiritsa ntchito ma glycohemoglobin osunthika. Njira iyi imalola kuyeza molunjika pabedi la wodwala. Komabe, mtengo wa kafukufuku wotere ndiwokwera kwambiri, chifukwa chake njira siyofunikira kwambiri;
- immunoturbidimetry. Mumakulolani kuti mupeze kuchuluka kwa HbA1c m'magazi athunthu, popanda kugwiritsa ntchito njira zowonjezera. Chifukwa chake, kuthamanga kwa kupeza zotsatira ndikwakwera kwambiri.
Mitundu ya akulu ndi ana
Kuti apange malingaliro, katswiri amagwiritsa ntchito zizindikiritso zodziwika bwino. Mwa mibadwo yosiyanasiyana ndi mikhalidwe, manambalawa adzakhala osiyanasiyana.
Munthu wathanzi
Kwa munthu wathanzi, msambo wa ndende ya glycogemoglobin uli pamtunda kuchokera 4% mpaka 5.6%.
Zomwe zimachitika nthawi imodzi sizingaganiziridwe kuti ndi umboni wa kukhalapo kwa matenda osokoneza bongo kapena hypoglycemia.
Nthawi zina zolephera zazing'ono zimachitika ngakhale mwa anthu athanzi motsogozedwa ndi kupsinjika, kutengeka mtima kapena thupi, komanso zinthu zina zambiri.
Wodwala wodwala matenda ashuga
Kwa odwala matenda a shuga, chizolowezi chimatsimikiziridwa payekhapayekha. Katswiri akuwulula izi, kutengera mkhalidwe waumoyo komanso kuuma kwa matendawa.
Koma mulimonsemo, wodwalayo amayenera kuwonetsetsa kuchuluka kwa glycemia ndikuyesera kukulitsa zomwe zimabweretsa HbA1c mwazonse (kuyambira 4% mpaka 5.6%).
Ponena za miyezo, zizindikiro pakati pa 5.7% ndi 6.4% zikuwonetsa kuti wodwala ali "pamalire", ndipo chiopsezo chokhala ndi matenda a shuga ndichokwera kwambiri.
Glycemic hemoglobin yokhala ndi shuga m'magazi
Monga mukudziwa, HbA1c imadalira mwachindunji kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Pali magawo ena omwe akhazikitsidwa omwe adokotala amatha kudziwa ngati thanzi la wodwalayo ndiwokhutiritsa.
Chiwerengero chaumoyo chaumoyo chimaperekedwa pagome:
| HbA1c,% | Glucose, mmol / L |
| 4,0 | 3,8 |
| 4,5 | 4,6 |
| 5,0 | 5,4 |
| 5,5 | 6,5 |
| 6,0 | 7,0 |
| 6,5 | 7,8 |
| 7,0 | 8,6 |
| 7,5 | 9,4 |
| 8 | 10,2 |
Kodi kupatuka kwa mulingo wa HbA1c kuchokera pachizolowe kukuwonetsa chiyani?
Kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin wowonjezera kungangowonetsera kukhalapo kwa matenda ashuga.Kuwonjezereka msanga kwa ndende kumayambanso chifukwa cha kulolera kwa glucose. Mitengo yochepetsedwa ya HbA1c ilinso yoopsa.
Zitha kukhala chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa khansa kapamba, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kuchepetsa shuga, kutsatira nthawi yayitali pakudya kwamoto ochepa komanso zinthu zina.
Momwe mungachepetse / kukulitsa mtengo?
Kuwongolera kapena kuchepetsa HbA1c kuthandizira kukhala ndi zakudya zoyenera, gulu labwino lazomwe zimachitika tsiku ndi tsiku komanso kukhazikitsa malangizo a dokotala.
Kupititsa patsogolo mulingo wa glycogemoglobin kumathandizira kuchuluka kwa chakudya (mkati moyenera) ndi zinthu zokhala ndi shuga, kuchepetsa masewera olimbitsa thupi kufikira mulingo woyenera, ndikudziteteza ku nkhawa.
Kuti tikwaniritse kuchepetsa HbA1c, njira zingapo ndizofunikira. Pankhaniyi, wodwalayo asinthira zakudya zamafuta ochepa, apatse thupi ntchito zolimbitsa thupi, pewani zochitika zovuta komanso nthawi zonse muziyang'anira kuchuluka kwa glycemia.
Makanema okhudzana nawo
Zambiri pazokhudza kuyesa kwa magazi a glycated hemoglobin mu kanema:
Kuwunika milingo ya hemoglobin ya glycated ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yodziwira matenda ashuga. Kuti muthane ndi vutoli komanso kuthandizira bwino kwa mankhwalawa, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti odwala omwe akudwala matenda ashuga komanso kupatuka kwa kagayidwe kazachilengedwe amapereka magazi masabata atatu aliwonse a HbA1c.
