Matenda a shuga amachititsa njira zingapo zopewera m'thupi, zomwe zimachepetsa wodwalayo ndikumupangitsa kukhala pachiwopsezo cha matenda ambiri opatsirana. Makamaka, odwala matenda ashuga amapezeka ndi matenda oopsa monga chifuwa chachikulu.
M'mbuyomu, odwala matenda ashuga kuphatikiza chifuwa chachikulu mu 90% ya milandu idapangitsa kuti wodwalayo amwalire, koma lero ziwerengerozi sizowopsa. Chifukwa cha kupita patsogolo kwamakono kwa zamankhwala ,imfa pakati pa gulu ili la odwala yachepetsedwa kwambiri.
Koma ngakhale masiku ano, kugwiritsa ntchito bwino mankhwalawa kumadalira makamaka pakupezeka kwa matenda, zomwe zingalepheretse kukula koopsa. Kuti muchite izi, onse odwala matenda ashuga ayenera kudziwa momwe chifuwa chachikulu komanso chifuwa chachikulu cha shuga zimalumikizirana, ndizizindikiro ziti zomwe zikuwonetsa chitukuko cha matenda achiwiri, komanso ndi chithandizo chiti chomwe chitha kukhala chothandiza kwambiri ndi matendawa.
Zifukwa
Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga nthawi 8 amatha kukhala ndi chifuwa chachikulu cha m'mapapo mwanga kuposa anthu athanzi.
Nthawi zambiri, matendawa amakhudza azibambo a shuga azaka za 20 mpaka 40. Mu gulu langozi, aliyense wodwala 10 amadwala chifuwa chachikulu.
Matenda a shuga amapezeka pazifukwa zotsatirazi:
- Kuwonongeka kwa chitetezo cha mthupi chifukwa kuchepa kwa ntchito ya leukocytes, phagocytes ndi ma cell ena a chitetezo cha mthupi. Zotsatira zake, kulowa mthupi la wodwala, chifuwa chachikulu cha mycobacterium chimawonongeka chifukwa chitha kupeweza, ndikuyamba kukula.
- Matenda acidosis, omwe ndi zotsatira za ketoacidosis. Vutoli limakonda kukhala ndi matenda osokoneza bongo ndipo limadziwika ndi kuchuluka kwa matupi a ketone m'magazi a wodwala, makamaka acetone. Izi zimabweretsa poizoni wambiri komanso kuwonongeka kwa ziwalo zamkati zamthupi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azitha kutenga kachilomboka.
- Kuphwanya chakudya, mafuta, mapuloteni komanso michere ya mchere.
- Kuphwanya kukonzanso kwa thupi. Chuma ichi cha thupi ndichofunika kuthana ndi bakiteriya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Chifukwa chake mwa anthu athanzi, matenda opatsirana, monga lamulo, amapezeka ndi kutentha kwambiri komanso kutentha thupi, komwe kumawathandiza kuthana ndi matendawa. Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, matenda amakula modekha, koma nthawi zambiri amayambitsa zovuta zazikulu.
Makamaka chiopsezo cha chifuwa chachikulu mwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo a mellitus, omwe amakhala ndi shuga wambiri.
Izi zimabweretsa kuwonongeka kwakanthawi kwa ziwalo zamkati komanso kukula kwa njira yotupa yomwe imapanga malo oyenera mabacteria a pathogenic.
Zizindikiro
Kukula kwa chifuwa chachikulu cha matenda a shuga sikudalira pa kuopsa kwa matendawa, koma kuchuluka kwa chipukutirozo cha metabolism ya carbohydrate. Ndi matenda osakwanira bwino a chifuwa chachikulu, chifuwa chimafalikira mwachangu, zikukhudza tinthu tambiri tating'onoting'ono ta mapapu ndikufikira mawonekedwe olimba kwambiri.
Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti ngakhale chithandizo cha chifuwa chachikulu komanso chapanthawi yake sichimabweretsa zotsatira zoyenera ngati wodwalayo sanathenso kukhazikika m'magazi a shuga. Pankhaniyi, zimachitikabe ndikuchulukirachulukira komanso kubwereranso komwe kumakhala kovuta kuchiza.
Mu magawo oyamba, chifuwa chachikulu cha odwala omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo amatha kukhala asymptomatic. Munthawi imeneyi, wodwala amatha kuwona zotsatirazi:
- Zofooka zazikulu, kuchepa kwa magwiridwe;
- Kuperewera kwa chakudya;
- Kuchulukitsa thukuta.
Poona kuti zizindikirozi sizili zachindunji, nthawi zambiri zimadziwika ndi odwala ngati chizindikiro cha matenda oopsa a shuga. Nthawi zambiri, chifuwa chachikulu cha odwala matenda ashuga chimapezeka pokhapokha x-ray, yomwe imatha kuwonetsa zilonda zam'mapapo popanda kutsimikizira kwathunthu.
Chizindikiro china chomwe chikuwonetsa kukula kwa chifuwa chachikulu cha m'mapapo a shuga ndi kuwonjezeka kwadzidzidzi kwa shuga mumagazi popanda chifukwa. Izi zili choncho chifukwa ndi kukula kwa chifuwa chachikulu mthupi, kufunikira kwa insulini kumawonjezera, komwe kumayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa matenda ashuga komanso kuchuluka kwa shuga.
Chiwonetserochi cha chifuwa chachikulu nthawi zina chimayambitsa kukula kwa matenda a shuga kwa odwala omwe sanakhalepo ndi vuto la metabolism ya carbohydrate. Matenda a chifuwa chachikulu cha shuga amachitika kwambiri, akupita patsogolo msanga komanso amakhudza madera akuluakulu am'mapapu. Izi zimabweretsa chakuti ngakhale atakhala kuti ali ndi chithandizo chokwanira cha chifuwa chachikulu, wodwalayo amakhalabe ndi matenda a m'mapapo.
Chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimachitika pakuphatikizana kwa chifuwa chachikulu ndi matenda ashuga ndi kutengera kwa chotupa kumapazi a m'mapapo. Ngati chiwonetsero chofananacho chiwululidwa mwa wodwala yemwe ali ndi chifuwa chachikulu, amatumizidwa kukayezetsa shuga, chifukwa ndi zotheka kuzindikira njira yatsopano ya matenda ashuga.
Chifukwa chake, matenda a shuga omwe ali ndi chifuwa chachikulu ndichinthu chowonjezera chomwe chimapangitsa kwambiri matendawa ndikuthandizira kukulitsa zovuta.
Chifukwa chake, mankhwalawa a chifuwa chachikulu, limodzi ndi shuga wambiri, amafunika kugwiritsa ntchito njira zovuta, zomwe zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala amakono oletsa chifuwa chachikulu komanso antibacterial.
Muyeneranso kutsatira zakudya komanso kupita kuchipatala.
Chithandizo
Chithandizo cha chifuwa chachikulu cha matenda 1 a shuga amtundu wa 2 chimachitika molingana ndi njira zingapo zamankhwala.
Chifukwa chake polimbana ndi chifuwa chachikulu cha matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba, chithandizo chamankhwala chiyenera kuphatikiza zotsatirazi.
Choyamba, muyenera kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa insulin mwa magawo 10. Kufunikira:
- Onjezani jakisoni wowonjezera wa insulin patsiku, ndikuwonetsa kuyambitsa kwake. Chiwerengero chonse cha jakisoni uyenera kukhala wosachepera 5 patsiku;
- Sinthani pang'ono kapena mankhwala othandizira omasulidwa pang'ono ndi insulin yochepa. Izi ndizowona makamaka kwa odwala omwe amakhala ndi ketoacidosis.
Kwa odwala matenda amtundu wa 2, chithandizo chikuyenera kuchitika magawo otsatirawa:
- Kuchulukitsa mlingo wa mankhwala a hypoglycemic;
- Phatikizani mankhwalawa a jakisoni a insulin osapitirira magawo 10;
- Woopsa chifuwa chachikulu, kusintha kwathunthu kwa mankhwala omwe amachepetsa shuga ndi jakisoni wakanthawi kochepa.
Chofunikira kwambiri pakuchiza matenda a chifuwa chachikulu ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala apadera. Pofuna kuchiza matendawa, wodwalayo ayenera kumwa mapiritsi a chifuwa chachikulu, omwe, limodzi ndi mankhwala a antidiabetic, amatha kupeza zotsatira zabwino.
Polankhula za mankhwala oletsa chifuwa chachikulu, ndikofunikira kufotokoza monga:
- Amikacin;
- Isoniazid;
- Kanamycin;
- Capreomycin;
- Paraaminosalicylic acid;
- Ethambutol;
- Pyrazinamide;
- Protionamide;
- Rifabutin;
- Rifampicin;
- Streptomycin;
- Tubazide;
- Ftivazide;
- Cycloserine;
- Ethionamide.
Ndikofunikira kutsindika kuti ena mwa mankhwalawa atha kuphatikizidwa mu zovuta za shuga, zomwe ndi:
- Ethambutol osavomerezeka retinal microangiopathy (zotupa zazing'onoting'ono zazing'onozing'ono mu ziwalo zamasomphenya);
- Isoniazid ndi contraindicated vuto la polyneuropathy (kuwonongeka kwa zotumphukira mantha dongosolo);
- Rifampicin amaletsedwa kawirikawiri ketoacidosis kapena mafuta a chiwindi hepatosis.
Pankhaniyi, wodwalayo sangothekera, komanso akuyenera kuyamba kumwa mankhwala ena omwe ndi otetezeka kwathunthu kwa iye.
Kuti thupi likhale lofooka komanso kulimbitsa chitetezo cha mthupi, odwala matenda a chifuwa chachikulu nthawi zambiri amapatsidwa mankhwala okhala ndi mavitamini. Mavitamini otsatirawa ndi othandiza kwambiri matenda:
- Vitamini B1 - 2 mg patsiku;
- Vitamini B2 - 10 mg patsiku.
- Vitamini B3 - 10 mg patsiku.
- Vitamini B6 - 15 mg patsiku. Mu chifuwa chachikulu cham'mapapo, kuchuluka kwa vitamini B6 tsiku lililonse kumatha kuwonjezeka mpaka 200 mg tsiku lililonse.
- Vitamini PP - 100 mg patsiku;
- Vitamini B12 - 1.5 mcg patsiku;
- Vitamini C - pafupifupi 300 mg patsiku;
- Vitamini A - 5 mg patsiku.
Kuphatikiza apo, mankhwala othandizira amatha kuphatikizidwa mu anti-chifuwa chachikulu, omwe amayenera kukhala olinganiza komanso okhala ndi michere yambiri.
Ndi chifuwa chachikulu, wodwalayo amasokonezeka mumapuloteni ndi carbohydrate metabolism, yomwe imatha kutchedwa imodzi mwazifukwa zazikulu zakukula kwa zovuta zambiri. Zotsatira zake, zakudya zonse zokhala ndi mapuloteni amtundu, komanso shuga, kupanikizana ndi zakudya zina zamafuta osavuta, siziyenera kuperekedwa kwa chakudya cha wodwalayo.
Njira yabwino kwambiri yokhala ndi chifuwa chachikulu komanso matenda ashuga ndi chakudya chamafuta ochepa, chomwe chimaphatikizapo kudya zakudya zopanda msanga. Kuphatikiza apo, zakudya zokazinga ndi zamafuta ambiri zimaletsedwa pansi pa chakudya ichi, koma masamba abwino ndi zakudya zambiri zimaloledwa.
