Ndi chitukuko cha matenda ashuga koyambirira, matendawa amagwirizanitsidwa ndi kapamba, komwe sikolondola konse. Popeza mu mtundu woyamba wa shuga pali kuphwanya kupanga kwa insulin ndi maselo opangidwa a Langerhans mu kapamba. Ndi kukula kwa matendawa, ziwalo zina ndi machitidwe zimakhudzidwa. Choyamba, matenda a shuga amtundu uliwonse amakhudza chiwindi.
Ntchito ya chiwindi
Kuphatikiza pa ntchito ya fyuluta, kuyimirira pakati pa ziwalo zozungulira thupi lonse komanso thirakiti la m'mimba. Chiwindi chimagwira ntchito zopanga ndi depot. Thupi ili limathandizira kutsegula ndi kuchitika kwa mahomoni ambiri omwe amayendetsa magwiridwe antchito amthupi. Chimodzi mwa izo ndi glucagon wopangidwa ndi ma pancreatic alpha cell. Hormone iyi imathandizira kuwonjezera shuga. Izi zikachitika, zimamasulidwa kuchokera ku ziwalo zina.
Ntchito yachiwindi ya chiwindi ndikusunga kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi ake. Pakutero, glucose amatha kusungidwa yonse mwanjira yoyenera komanso m'njira yosavuta yotchedwa glycogen. Polysaccharide iyi ikakhala nthawi yovuta kwambiri, kutopa kwambiri kwa thupi, kugwira ntchito kwambiri, mothandizidwa ndi michere ya chiwindi imayamba kusokonekera ndikubweretsa shuga m'magazi.
Glucose ndi shuga
Chizindikiro chachikulu cha matenda a shuga ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Glucose ndi gawo lapansi lopanda mphamvu, popanda kutenga nawo mbali, mitochondria ya intracellular sangathe kupanga mphamvu yokwanira kuchitira ntchito kwakuthupi.
Koma kuchuluka kwa glucose kumakhala ndi zotsatirapo zake. Kupezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi motsutsana ndi maziko ochepa a insulin kumabweretsa mphamvu yanjala ya thupi. Popeza glucose samatha popanda insulini. Pankhaniyi, magawo ena amawonongeka, pomwe mphamvu zimatha kuthiridwa (mafuta ndi mapuloteni), ndipo zinthu zawo zowola zimakhala ndi poizoni m'thupi. Choyamba, ubongo umavutika, kenako dystrophy ya chiwindi imachitika, yomwe imawopseza kukula kwa matenda a cirrhosis.
Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa chiwindi
Ndi shuga wokwezeka wokhala ndi magazi, shuga amayamba kuyikika m'matupi ndi ziwalo. Zomwe zimabweretsa chisokonezo chomaliza. Popeza chiwindi ndi mtundu wa gawo la shuga m'thupi, ndiye woyamba kukhudzidwa. Mu shuga mellitus, shuga amasandulika kukhala adipose minofu, mu chiwindi parenchyma, kuphatikizika kwa minofu ya adipose kumayamba - steatosis.
Steatosis imatha kupezeka mwa anthu omwe alibe shuga. Koma anthu oterewa ndi onenepa kwambiri, momwe kumalowera minofu yamafuta am'mimba kumachitika mwachangu. Izi zitha kubweretsa chitukuko cha matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2.
Mtunduwu umadziwika ndi kupanga bwino kwa insulin, koma motsutsana ndi maziko a mafuta ochulukirapo, kuchepa kwa minofu kumadzi amachepa. Pali shuga wambiri wamagazi nthawi zonse. Poterepa, chiwindi chimagwira ntchito molimbika, chimagwira glucose ndikudziunjikira parenchyma.
Anthu omwe ali ndi chiwindi steatosis nthawi zambiri samadandaula.
Ndi kukula kwa matendawo, kukula kwa njira yotupa mu chiwindi ndikotheka, ndipo steatosis imakhala steatohepatitis. Matendawa amadziwika ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kukula kwa chiwindi, kufalikira kwa khungu ndi khungu kumatha kuchitika, odwala amadandaula za kupweteka komanso kumva kutopetsa mbali yakumanja, kutopa kwambiri, nseru ndi kusanza ndizotheka. Poyerekeza ndi machitidwe a kutupa mu chiwindi parenchyma, kusintha kwapangidwe pang'onopang'ono ndi minyewa yolumikizana kumachitika. Fibrosis ya chiwindi imawoneka, zomwe zikuwonetsa kuyambira kwa kupangika kwa cirrhosis.
Cirrhosis ya chiwindi ndi shuga imakhala ndi vuto lapadera. Kupatula apo, ziwalo zazikuluzikulu zimavutika kale ndi poizoni wambiri, ndipo kuphatikiza apo pali kulakwitsa kwa gawo lalikulu. Mu magawo oyambilira a cirrhosis, kuphatikiza ndi chizindikiro cha steatohepatosis, ena amawonekera. Odwala amadandaula za kuyabwa kwambiri, kugona tulo komanso kudzutsidwa, kuwoneka kupweteka m'mimba yonse, kuwonjezeka kwakukulu pamimba, mawonekedwe a venous network pa khoma lakunja lam'mimba. Zizindikiro zonsezi zimadziwika ndi matenda oopsa a portal, limodzi ndi mawonekedwe am'mimba osabereka m'matumbo, kukula kwa mitsempha ya esophagus komanso magazi pafupipafupi.
Chithandizo
Pofuna kupewa kufalikira kwa matenda a chiwindi, komanso matenda a shuga, kapena ngati pakuwoneka kuwonetsa matendawa, ndiye kuti kulipiritsa mkhalidwewo, ndikofunikira kuchita zinthu zingapo zomwe zikuthandizira kusintha kwa thupi. Gawo loyamba ndi kulumikizana ndi katswiri. Pankhaniyi, amatha kukhala gastroenterologist, endocrinologist, hepatologist. Adzaunikira wodwalayo, omwe adzadziwitse mayendedwe ake pankhaniyi.
Ngati wodwala akudwala matenda amtundu woyamba wa shuga, ndikofunikira kupereka mankhwala othandizira, ngati sangakwanitse, ndikofunikira kuyambiranso chithandizo chamankhwala. Pachifukwa ichi, mankhwala ogwiritsira ntchito insulin amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu mawonekedwe a piritsi kapena mawonekedwe a jakisoni.
Kukhazikika kwa mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga nthawi zambiri kumawonedwa mwa anthu onenepa kwambiri.
Pankhaniyi, yothandiza kwambiri ndikusintha kwa moyo wanu, masewera, cholinga chochepetsa thupi, komanso zamankhwala.
Zakudya zamtundu uliwonse wa shuga ziyenera kuphatikizapo:
- Kumwa kwambiri - chifukwa cha kuchepa kwamadzi amthupi;
- Chiwerengero chachikulu cha zipatso - ndikofunikira kusankha ndendende zipatso zomwe zilibe kapena pang'ono, monga gawo lamaofesi othamanga, kupewa kuthamanga kwadzidzidzi mumagazi a glucose;
- Masamba ndi ofunikira ku thupi chifukwa amapanga mchere wambiri, kufunafuna zinthu, ma fiber ndi mavitamini, omwe amachepetsedwa kwambiri mthupi pamaso pa matenda a shuga;
- Mitundu yamafuta ochepera - yofunikira ngati gwero lamapuloteni, kuti magwiridwe antchito amthupi achitenso;
- Nsomba yamafuta ochepa - yofunikira kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo kuti abwezeretse kuchuluka kwa amino acid, mapuloteni ndi michere ina;
- Zakudya - kubwezeretsanso mphamvu chifukwa cha zovuta zam'makanidwe, zomwe zimagawika nthawi yayitali mthupi ndikusunga magwiridwe antchito a mthupi lonse.
Odwala ayenera kutsatira zakudya pafupipafupi, kupatuka kulikonse kungayambitse kulumpha kosafunikira kwa shuga m'magazi, komwe kumabweretsa zotsatira zoyipa.
Kuti mupewe vutoli ndi zakudya za wodwalayo sakhudzidwa:
- Zakudya zamafuta;
- Zinthu zouma ndi kusuta;
- Maswiti ndi zakudya zokhala ndi chakudya chamafuta ambiri;
- Zogula zophika zophika mkate ndi makeke owumba;
- Zipatso za carbohydrate zambiri
- Wolemera wowuma.
Popewa kukula kwa hepatosis yamafuta, ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse thupi. Zakudya zina sizingakhale zokwanira izi, anthu amalimbikitsidwa kusewera masewera, kukhala moyo wokangalika, kukhala ndi nthawi yocheperako kunyumba, ndikuwononga nthawi yambiri pamsewu. Kutembenukira kwa madokotala kuti athandizidwe, amalimbikitsa akatswiri abwino. zomwe zithandiza odwala pankhani yovutayi. Ophunzitsa oyenerera amapanga masewera olimbitsa thupi omwe angathandize kuchepetsa kuwonda. Ngati odwala amatha kutaya ma kilogalamu osangalatsa, ndiye kuti sangawope pakukula kwa steatosis ndi kukula kwake mu cirrhosis.
Ndi kukula kwa matenda a cirrhosis komanso kulephera kulipirira ndi mankhwala, amayamba kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Hepatoprotectors, mavitamini othandizira, mankhwala omwe amachepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi, angioprotectors, glucocorticosteroids amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
