Matenda a diabetes 1 a mtundu (kawirikawiri mtundu wa 2) amadziwa bwino mankhwala a insulin omwe sangakhale nawo popanda. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mahomoni iyi: kachitidwe kochepa, nthawi yayitali, nthawi yayitali kapena kuphatikiza. Ndi mankhwala otere, ndizotheka kubwezeretsanso, kuchepetsa kapena kukulitsa kuchuluka kwa mahomoni mu kapamba.
Kufotokozera kwamagulu
Kutanthauza kwa insulin ndiko kugwiritsira ntchito njira zama metabolic komanso kudyetsa maselo ndi shuga. Ngati mahomoniwa alibe thupi kapena sanapangidwe kuchuluka, munthu amakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu, ngakhale kufa.
Kuletsedwa kokhako kusankha gulu lokonzekera insulin nokha. Posintha mankhwala kapena mlingo, wodwalayo ayenera kuyang'aniridwa ndikuwongolera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi a magazi. Chifukwa chake, pochita zinthu zofunika kwambiri zotere, muyenera kupita kwa dokotala.
Ma insulin omwe amakhala nthawi yayitali, omwe mayina awo adzapatsidwa ndi dokotala, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi mankhwala ena achidule kapena apakati. Pafupipafupi, amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda a shuga a 2. Mankhwala oterowo amasunga shuga nthawi zonse chimodzimodzi, osaloleza kutalika kapena pansi.
Mankhwalawa amayamba kukhudza thupi pambuyo pa maola 4-8, ndipo kuchuluka kwambiri kwa insulin kudzapezeka pambuyo pa maola 8-18. Chifukwa chake, kuchuluka kwathunthu kwa glucose - 20-30 hours. Nthawi zambiri, munthu amafunika njira imodzi yoperekera jakisoni wa mankhwalawa, nthawi zambiri zimachitika kawiri.
Njira Zopulumutsira Zosiyanasiyana
Pali mitundu ingapo yamitundu iyi ya mahomoni amunthu. Chifukwa chake, amasiyanitsa mtundu wa ultrashort ndi mtundu waufupi, wopitilira komanso wophatikizidwa.
Mitundu yoyamba imakhudza thupi patadutsa mphindi 15 pambuyo poyambitsidwa, ndipo kuchuluka kwa insulini kumaonekera patatha maola 1-2 mutabayidwa. Koma kutalika kwa chinthu m'thupi ndi chochepa kwambiri.
Ngati tilingalira ma insulin omwe akhala akuchita kwa nthawi yayitali, mayina awo akhoza kuyikidwa padera.
| Dzina ndi gulu la mankhwala | Kuyamba kuchitapo kanthu | Kuzindikira kwakukulu | Kutalika |
| Kukonzekera kwa Ultrashort (Apidra, Humalog, Novorapid) | Mphindi 10 pambuyo makonzedwe | Pambuyo mphindi 30 - 2 hours | Maola 3-4 |
| Zogulitsa zazifupi (Rapid, Actrapid HM, Insuman) | Mphindi 30 pambuyo makonzedwe | Maola 1-3 pambuyo pake | Maola 6-8 |
| Malangizo a nthawi yayitali (Protofan NM, Insuman Bazal, Monotard NM) | Maola 1-2.5 atatha kukhazikitsa | Pambuyo 3 maola atatu | 11-25 maola |
| Mankhwala omwe akhala akuchita kwa nthawi yayitali (Lantus) | 1 ola pambuyo makonzedwe | Ayi | Maola 24-29 |
Ubwino Wofunika
Insulin yayitali imagwiritsidwa ntchito kutsimikizira molondola zomwe zimachitika mu mahomoni amunthu. Zitha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: nthawi yayitali (mpaka maola 15) komanso nthawi yayitali, yomwe imafika mpaka maola 30.
Opanga adapanga mtundu woyamba wa mankhwalawo ngati mawonekedwe amadzimadzi amtambo komanso amtambo. Asanapereke jakisoni, wodwalayo ayenera kugwedeza chidebecho kuti akwaniritse utoto. Pambuyo pokhapokha pochita izi sangathe kulowetsamo mosazindikira.
Insulin yokhala ndi nthawi yayitali imapangidwa kuti iwonjezere pang'ono ndende yake ndikuisunga chimodzimodzi. Panthawi inayake, nthawi yakufika pamalonda pazinthu zambiri imabwera, pambuyo pake mulingo wake umachepa.
Ndikofunikira kuti musaphonye pamene gawo likhala lopanda pake, pambuyo pake mlingo wotsatira wa mankhwalawo uyenera kuperekedwa. Palibe kusintha kwakadali kalozera kumeneku koyenera kuvomerezedwa, chifukwa chake adokotala aziganizira zowonjezera za moyo wa wodwalayo, pambuyo pake adzasankha mankhwala oyenera ndi mlingo wake.
Kuyendetsa bwino thupi kosadumpha mwadzidzidzi kumapangitsa kuti inshuwaransi ikhale yogwira mtima kwakanthawi. Gulu la mankhwalawa lili ndi gawo lina: liyenera kutumikiridwa kokha mu ntchafu, osati pamimba kapena manja, monga zosankha zina. Izi ndichifukwa cha nthawi yonyamula zinthu, chifukwa m'malo ano zimachitika pang'onopang'ono.
Pafupipafupi kugwiritsa ntchito
Nthawi ndi kuchuluka kwa kayendetsedwe kazinthu zimatengera mtundu wa wothandizira. Ngati madzi ali ndi mawonekedwe osasinthika amtunduwu, mankhwalawa ali ndi ntchito yapamwamba, ndiye kuti nthawi yayitali ya ndende imachitika mkati mwa maola 7. Ndalamazi zimaperekedwa kawiri pa tsiku.
Ngati mankhwalawa alibe kuchuluka kwakukulu, ndipo zotsatira zake zimasiyana pakapita nthawi, ziyenera kuperekedwa nthawi imodzi patsiku. Chida chake ndi chosalala, cholimba komanso chosasinthasintha. Madzi amapangidwa ngati madzi oyera popanda kukhalapo kwamtambo pansi. Insulin yowonjezera yotereyi ndi Lantus ndi Tresiba.
Kusankhidwa kwa Mlingo ndikofunikira kwambiri kwa odwala matenda ashuga, chifukwa ngakhale usiku, munthu amatha kudwala. Muyenera kuganizira izi ndikupanga jakisoni wofunikira pa nthawi. Kuti mupange chisankhochi molondola, makamaka usiku, miyezo ya glucose iyenera kutengedwa usiku. Izi zimachitika bwino pakadutsa maola awiri aliwonse.
Kuti akonzekere insulin kukonzekera, wodwalayo ayenera kudya popanda chakudya chamadzulo. Usiku wotsatira, munthu ayenera kutenga miyezo yoyenera. Wodwalayo amagaira zomwe adapeza kwa asing'anga, yemwe, atatha kusanthula, amasankha gulu lolondola la insulin, dzina la mankhwalawo, ndikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwake.
Malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito
Kukonzekera kwa insulin kochepa komanso kwanthawi yayitali kumagwiritsidwa ntchito mwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga 1. Izi zimachitika kuti tisunge gawo limodzi la maselo a beta, komanso kupewa kutulutsa ketoacidosis. Odwala omwe ali ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda osokoneza bongo nthawi zina amayenera kupereka mankhwalawa. Kufunika kwa machitidwe oterewa kumangofotokozedwa motere: simungathe kulola kusintha kwa matenda ashuga kuchokera ku mtundu wachiwiri mpaka 1.
Kuphatikiza apo, insulini yokhala ndi nthawi yayitali imapatsidwa mphamvu yoletsa kukonzekera kwa m'mawa komanso kukhazikitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'mawa (pamimba yopanda kanthu). Kuti akupatseni mankhwalawa, dokotala angakufunseni kuti mupeze zolemba zolimbitsa thupi za milungu itatu.
Mankhwala Lantus
Insulin yokhala ndi nthawi yayitali imakhala ndi mayina osiyanasiyana, koma odwala ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa. Mankhwala oterowo safunikira kugwedezedwa musanayambe kutsata, madzi ake amakhala ndi mtundu wowonekera komanso wosasinthika. Opanga amapanga mankhwalawo m'mitundu ingapo: cholembera cha OpiSet (3 ml), makatoni a Solotar (3 ml) ndi dongosolo lomwe lili ndi OptiClick makatoni.
Munjira yomalizirayi, mumakhala ma cartridge 5, lililonse la 5 ml. Poyambirira, cholembera ndi chida chothandiza, koma makatoni amayenera kusinthidwa nthawi iliyonse, kukhazikitsa syringe. Mu dongosolo la Solotar, simungasinthe madzimadzi, chifukwa ndi chida chotayikira.
Malangizowo akuti kufunika kwa jakisoni imodzi, komanso mlingo wokhawo womwe ungathe kutsimikiziridwa ndi endocrinologist. Izi zimatengera kuopsa kwa matendawa komanso machitidwe ake amwana. Muwapatse ana azaka zopitilira 6 ndi akulu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga 1 kapena mtundu 2.
Mankhwala Levemir Flexpen
Ili ndi dzina la insulin yayitali. Kuchepa kwake kukuchitika m'kusowa kwa hypoglycemia, ngati wothandizirayo amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza odwala matenda a shuga 1. Phunziro lotere lidachitika ku United States. Mankhwalawa, malinga ndi malangizo, amatha kuperekedwa osati kwa odwala akuluakulu, komanso kwa ana okulirapo kuposa 2 years.
Kutalika kwa thupi ndi maola 24, ndipo kuphatikiza kwakukulu kumawonedwa pambuyo maola 14. Jekeseni imaperekedwa mwa njira yankho la subcutaneous makonzedwe 300 IU katoni iliyonse. Zinthu zonsezi zimasindikizidwa mu cholembera cha syringe yambiri. Ndizotheka kutaya. Phukusili lili ndi ma PC 5.
Kuzizira kumaletsedwa. Sitolo sikuyenera kupitirira 30 miyezi. Chipangizocho chimatha kupezeka m'mafamu aliwonse, koma mumangotulutsa ndi mankhwala kuchokera kwa dokotala.
