Pa mulingo wambiri wa shuga mumakhala insulin

Mlingo wa shuga (glucose) m'magazi ndi chimodzi mwazofunikira kwambiri zodziwikiratu kwamomwe thupi limadzipatsira.

Mukazindikira mtundu wa matenda a shuga 1 a mellitus (kuchepa kwa insulin), kufunika kwa jakisoni sikukayika. Komabe, pali odwala ena ambiri omwe amapezeka ndi matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2 (mpaka 90% ya onse odwala matenda ashuga), ndipo chithandizo chawo ndichotheka popanda kugwiritsa ntchito insulin.

Dokotalayo atavomereza ngakhale jekeseni kanthawi kochepa kwa odwala chotere, funso limabuka: pamlingo wambiri wa shuga mumakhala insulin iti?

Matenda a shuga ndi insulin

Glucose yomwe ili m'zinthu zopangidwa, ikagawika ma mamolekyulu m'matumbo, imalowa m'magazi, kuchokera momwe imayenera kulowa mkati mwa cell ya cell kuti ipereke mphamvu ku maselo.

Kuti ntchito yomaliza ipitirire osafunikira, muyenera:

1. Kuchuluka kwa insulini m'magazi;
2. Kuzindikira kwa insulin receptors (malo olowera mu cell).

Kuti glucose alowe mu cell osasokoneza, insulini iyenera kulumikizana ndi ma receptor ake. Ndi chidziwitso chokwanira, njirayi imapangitsa kuti membala wam'mimba azipezeka ndi shuga.

Ngati mphamvu ya receptor imalephera, insulini singathe kulumikizana nawo kapena insulini-receptor ligament simalowetsa kufunikira komwe kumafunikira. Zotsatira zake, glucose sangalowe mu cell. Vutoli limafanana ndi matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2.

Zomwe zikuwonetsa shuga za insulinZofunika! Kubwezeretsa chidwi cha insulin receptors, mutha kudya komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala. M'mikhalidwe ina yomwe dokotala yekha ndi amene angadziwe, mankhwala a insulin (osakhalitsa kapena okhazikika) amafunikira. Zingwe zitha kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa shuga omwe amalowa m'maselo ngakhale atachepetsa mphamvu chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa katundu pa iwo.

Mankhwala a insulin atha kufunsidwa posakhalitsa kapena kuchepa kwa chithandizo cha mankhwala, zakudya komanso moyo wathanzi. Odwala akatsatira malangizo a dokotala, vuto lotere silimachitika.

Chizindikiro cha mankhwala a insulin chikhoza kukhala phindu la glycemia (chizindikiro cha shuga wamagazi) pamimba yopanda magazi m'magazi a capillary pamwamba pa 7 mmol / l kapena kupitirira 11.1 mmol / l 2 maola atatha kudya. Kusankhidwa komaliza, kutengera zomwe wodwala akuwonetsa, zitha kuchitidwa ndi adokotala.

Zambiri pamene jakisoni wa mankhwala amatha kuloza shuga m'magazi angayambitse chifukwa chotsatira:

1. Kubwezera kwakutali. Kuchuluka kwa shuga kwa nthawi yayitali kwa odwala ambiri kumatha kuchitika osadziwika, popeza zizindikirizo zimatengedwa ngati chizindikiro cha matenda ena;
2. Kuchulukitsa kwapanikizika, kuchepa kowoneka bwino, kupweteka kwa mutu, kukulira mkhalidwe wamatayilo. Pankhaniyi, dokotala atha kukulemberani maphunziro a insulin panthawi yovuta - mpaka magazi atachepa;
3. Matenda a shuga a LADA. Matenda a autoimmune ndi mtundu woyamba wa matenda a shuga, omwe amapezeka modekha. Chifukwa chofanana ndi zizindikiro, imatha kupezeka kuti ndi matenda a shuga 2 ndikuthandizidwa ndimankhwala omwe amafunsidwira, ngakhale imafunikira chithandizo chapadera. Zotsatira zake, kusintha kwa insulin kumachitika msanga - patatha zaka 3-4;
4. Kutopa kwamatenda. Izi zimatengedwa ngati zokhudzana ndi zaka, chifukwa zimawonedwa kwambiri mwa odwala pambuyo pa zaka 45. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa shuga (oposa 9 mmol / l), maselo a pancreatic beta omwe amachititsa insulin synthesis amachepetsa ntchito zawo (zomwe zimatchedwa kuti glucose toxity zimachitika). Kukhazikitsidwa kwa mankhwala a insulini kumachepetsa shuga komanso kumasula kapamba kwakanthawi. Zizindikiro za kawopsedwe wa glucose amatsitsimuka, ndipo chithandizo chowonjezereka chimachitika popanda insulin;
5. Misozi yambiri. Pa gawo lokhazikika kwa zotupa za mtima (zotupa kuchokera ku impso, mantha amthupi, ziwonetsero zazikulu, ziwiya zazikulu), mankhwala a insulini angalepheretse kupita patsogolo kapena kulepheretsa kuwoneka kwa pafupifupi 50-60%;
6. Zovuta pachimake mu matenda akulu. Pakutentha thupi, ngati kuli kotheka, opareshoni, zoopsa kapena zam'mitsempha yamavuto (stroke, vuto la mtima), chithandizo chochepa cha insulin chimakupatsani mwayi wokhala ndi shuga m'magazi ndipo potero thupi limatha kuthana ndi vuto lalikulu.

Kodi shuga ndi insulin yolembedwera chiyani mukakhala ndi pakati

Kukhala ndi pakati wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda a shuga kapena matenda osokoneza bongo (kulephera kwa mahomoni komwe kumayambitsa matenda a insulin) kungayambitse vuto lomwe limapangitsa kuti pakhale kusintha kwa zakudya komanso moyo wathanzi sizikubweretsa zotsatira zabwino. Mlingo wa shuga umakhalabe wokwera, womwe umawopseza kukula kwa zovuta mwa mwana ndi amayi.

Chizindikiro cha insulin yodwala pakatha kubereka chikuwonjezereka polyhydramnios ndi zizindikiro za fetopathy mwa mwana, zomwe zimadziwika nthawi ya ultrasound scan, yomwe imachitika nthawi zotsatirazi:

• Masabata 15 mpaka 20 - kuthetsa zovuta zazikulu zachitukuko;
• Masabata 20-23 - wowunika mtima wa mwana wosabadwa;
• Masabata a 28-32 - kuti athe kuzindikira zopatuka zomwe zingachitike malinga ndi kukula kwa intrauterine.

Zizindikiro za hyperglycemia zikawoneka, endocrinologist imamuwonetsa muyeso wa shuga wa mayiyo maulendo 8 pa tsiku ndi zotsatira zake. Kutengera mtundu waumoyo wanu, momwe akazi apakati angakhalire 3.3-6.6 mmol / l.

Panthawi yapakati, insulini pakati pa omwe amachepetsa shuga ndi mankhwala okhawo omwe amavomerezeka kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito.

Zomwe zimayikidwa pobayira jakisoni wa insulini zitha kukhala zotsatira za shuga:

• M'magazi a venous: pamwamba 5.1 mayunitsi (pamimba yopanda kanthu), pamwamba pa mayunitsi 6.7. (2 maola atatha kudya);
• M'magazi am'magazi: pamwamba 5.6 mayunitsi. (pamimba yopanda kanthu), pamwamba pa magawo 7.3. (2 maola atatha kudya).

Kuphatikiza pa kuchuluka kwa shuga, komwe kumalimbikitsidwa kuyesedwa kangapo ka 6 mpaka 12 pa sabata, amayi apakati amafunika kuwunika:

1. Kupsinjika kwa magazi
2. Kukhalapo kwa acetone mu mkodzo;
3. Mlingo wa zomwe zaperekedwa;
4. Magawo a hypoglycemia.

Mayi woyembekezera ayenera asanapange mankhwala a insulin:

• M'chipatala, pezani luso lodzisamalira komanso chidziwitso chofunikira chowunikira momwe aliri;
• Pezani ndalama zodziletsa kapena pangani zofunikira mu labotale.

Ntchito yayikulu ya mankhwala a insulin panthawiyi ndi kupewa zovuta zomwe zingachitike. Mosasamala mtundu wa matenda, njira yoyenera yothandizira ndi kuyika insulin yochepa musanadye komanso mankhwala a nthawi yayitali musanayambe kugona (kukhazikitsa glycemia usiku).

Kugawika kwa tsiku ndi tsiku insulin imaganizira kufunika kwa mankhwalawa: usiku - 1/3, nthawi ya masana - 2/3 kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa.

Zofunika! Malinga ndi ziwerengero, pa nthawi ya pakati, mtundu woyamba wa shuga umakhala wofala kwambiri, chifukwa umakula ubwana ndi unyamata. Matenda a Type 2 amakhudza azimayi patatha zaka 30 ndipo ndiosavuta. Pankhaniyi, kuthekera kokukwaniritsa bwino zizindikiro za zakudya, zakudya zopatsa thanzi ndi kuchita zolimbitsa thupi zolimbitsa thupi ndizambiri. Matenda a shuga amisala ndi osowa kwambiri.

Kodi mukufunikira shuga yanji?

Palibe phindu lililonse la shuga m'magazi omwe mankhwalawa amaperekedwa, chifukwa lingaliro limapangidwa pamaziko angapo. Dokotala wokha wa endocrinologist ndi amene angawaganizire.

Kukhazikitsidwa kwa mankhwala a insulin sikulephera kuzindikirika ndi 12 mmol / l pambuyo osagwiritsa ntchito mapiritsi kapena kudya mosamalitsa. Popanda maphunziro owonjezera (kokha ndi shuga), insulin imalowetsedwa pazinthu zomwe zimawopseza thanzi kapena moyo wa wodwala.

Wodwala akakumana ndi chosankha (jekeseni insulini ndikupitiliza moyo wake kapena kukana ndikudikirira zovuta), aliyense akhoza kusankha payekha.