Kodi shuga wabwinobwino ndi chiyani?

Glucose amatenga gawo lalikulu popereka mphamvu zama minofu, imakhudza kugwira ntchito kwa machitidwe onse a thupi. Mwazi wa magazi umayenera kuyang'aniridwa pafupipafupi, popeza momwe zimakhalira m'malo opapatiza, ndipo kupatuka kulikonse kumayambitsa kusokonezeka kwakukulu mu metabolism, magazi, ndi ntchito yamanjenje.

Chochulukitsa chomwe chikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi ndi matenda a shuga. Malinga ndi ziwerengero za boma, ku Russia anthu opitilira 2,5 miliyoni amadwala matendawa, kafukufuku wowongolera akuti chiwerengerochi sichidapendekeze katatu konse. Magawo awiri mwa atatu a odwala saganiza kuti ali ndi matenda ashuga. M'magawo oyamba, alibe chilichonse, matendawa amapezeka mothandizidwa ndi njira zothandizira ntchito. Anthu mamiliyoni asanu mdziko lathu salandila chithandizo choyenera, chifukwa sanayerekeze kungowunika mtengo wotsika mtengo.

Mitengo ya shuga pamibadwo yosiyanasiyana

Mwazi wamagazi ndimawu osasinthika, omwe anthu amawamvetsetsa. Polankhula za kuchuluka kwa shuga, sizitanthauza chakudya, koma monosaccharide - glucose. Ndizotsatira zake zomwe zimayezedwa poyesedwa kuti adziwe matenda a shuga. Zakudya zonse zamafuta zomwe timapeza ndi chakudya zimawonongeka mpaka glucose. Ndipo ndi iye yemwe amalowa mu minofu kuti apereke maselo ndi mphamvu.

Matenda a shuga ndi kupsinjika kudzakhala chinthu chakale

• Matenda a shuga -95%
• Kuthetsa kwa mitsempha thrombosis - 70%
• Kuthetsa kwa kugunda kwamtima kwamphamvu -90%
• Kuthana ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi - 92%
• Kuwonjezeka kwa mphamvu masana, kukonza kugona usiku -97%

Mlingo wa shuga patsiku umasiyana nthawi zambiri: mukatha kudya umachulukitsa, ndikulimbitsa thupi umachepa. Kapangidwe ka chakudya, machitidwe a chimbudzi, zaka za munthu komanso momwe akumvera zimamukhudza. Mtundu wa shuga unakhazikitsidwa ndikuwunika kapangidwe ka magazi a anthu zikwizikwi. Matebulo adapangidwa ndi zomwe zimawoneka bwino kuti glucose yothamanga sasintha malinga ndi jenda. Muyezo wa shuga mwa abambo ndi amayi ndi ofanana ndipo ali mulingo wa 4.1-5.9 mmol / l.

Mmol / L - kuchuluka kwa glucose omwe amavomerezedwa ku Russia. M'mayiko ena, mg / dl imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri; kutembenuza mmol / l, zotsatira zowunikira zimagawidwa ndi 18.

Nthawi zambiri, kuphunzira mwachangu za shuga kumayikidwa. Ndikusintha kumeneku kuti matenda a shuga apezeka. Mitundu ya kusala shuga m'magazi mwa okalamba Kukula. Nthawi zambiri ana osakwana 4 milungu amakhala 2 mmol / l pochepera, pofika zaka 14 zimachulukanso kwa anthu akuluakulu.

Mitengo ya shuga ya pagulu yamagulu osiyanasiyana:

Kodi muyenera kuyesa kangati komanso pati

Pali mitundu ingapo ya mayeso a shuga:

1. Kuthamanga shuga. Amatsimikiza m'mawa, asanadye. Nthawi yopanda chakudya iyenera kupitirira maola 8. Kusanthula kumeneku kumapangidwira omwe amamuganizira kuti ali ndi matenda ashuga, panthawi ya mayeso azachipatala, kunenepa kwambiri, mavuto okhala ndi mahomoni m'thupi. Kusala kudya kumakula kuposa momwe kumakhalira ndi vuto lalikulu la metabolic. Zosintha zoyambirira ndi chithandizo chake ndizosatheka kuzindikira.
2. Shuga ndi katundukapena mayeso ololera a glucose. Phunziroli limathandizira kuzindikira prediabetes., kagayidwe kachakudya matenda, matenda ashuga. Amakhala ndikuwonetsetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga pamimba yopanda kanthu ndipo pambuyo poyambira shuga kulowa m'magazi. Pakuwerenga kuchuluka kwa shuga kutengera maselo, ndizotheka kudziwa wodwalayo chifukwa cha insulin komanso kukhudzana ndi pancreatic.
3. Glycated Hemoglobin imawululira latent (mwachitsanzo, usiku) kapena kuwonjezeka kwa shuga munthawi imodzi. Mwa mulingo wa hemoglobin wa glycated, munthu amatha kuwunika ngati panali kutuluka kwa shuga m'miyezi 4 isanafike magazi. Uku ndikuyesa shuga. pa mimba musatchule, popeza pakadali pano Zizindikiro zikusintha, kutengera zofuna za mwana wosabadwayo.
4. Fructosamine. Amawonetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'masabata atatu apitawa. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamene glycated hemoglobin sapereka zotsatira zenizeni: kuwongolera momwe mankhwalawa amathandizira posachedwa, kuchepa magazi m'thupi mwa wodwala.

Kuyesedwa kwa shuga kwa ana kumakhazikitsidwa pachaka panthawi yoyesedwa. Akuluakulu osakwana zaka 40 amalimbikitsidwa kuti apereke magazi zaka zisanu zilizonse, atatha makumi anayi - zaka zitatu zilizonse. Ngati muli ndi chiopsezo chowonjezereka cha matenda a carbohydrate metabolism (kunenepa kwambiri, moyo wamtopola, achibale omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, mavuto a mahomoni), mayeso chitani pachaka. Amayi omwe ali ndi mwana amapereka m'mimba yopanda kanthu kumayambiriro kwa kutenga pakati komanso kuyesa kwa glucose mu 3rd trimester.

Ndi kuphwanya kwamoto kwa kagayidwe kazakudya, kuchuluka kwa shuga kumayendera miyezi isanu ndi umodzi iliyonse. Mu matenda a shuga - mobwerezabwereza patsiku: m'mawa kwambiri, mutatha kudya komanso musanakagone. Ndi matenda amtundu wa 1 - kuwonjezera pa chakudya chilichonse, mukamawerenga kuchuluka kwa insulin. Glycated hemoglobin imayang'aniridwa katatu.

Malamulo osavuta popereka magazi a shuga

Gawo la hemoglobin wa glycated lingadziwike popanda kukonzekera mwapadera. Ndikofunika kuti mupereke magazi kuchokera m'mitsempha pamimba yopanda kanthu, ndi katundu, kuti fructosamine mpaka 11 a.m. Maola 8 omaliza muyenera kupewa zakudya ndi zakumwa zilizonse, kusuta, kutafuna chingamu ndi kumwa mankhwala. Nthawi yopanda chakudya sichingakhale yoposa maola 14, popeza mulingo wa shuga udzakhala wotsika kwambiri.

Kukonzekera koyambirira:

• Osasintha zakudya masiku angapo masiku oyesa;
• kuchepetsa masewera olimbitsa thupi dzulo;
• pewani kupsinjika mtima;
• osamwa mowa osachepera masiku awiri;
• kugona mokwanira musanapereke magazi;
• chotsani msewu wotopetsa waku labotale.

Matenda opatsirana, kuchulukitsa kwa matenda osachiritsika, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ena kumatha kupotoza zotsatira za mayeso a shuga: estrogens ndi glucocorticoids zimawonjezera kuchuluka kwa shuga, propranolol undewimates.

Kuonjezera kulondola kwa mayesedwe a shuga kuloleza kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta osachepera 150 g tsiku latha, pomwe 50 - nthawi yogona. Pakati pa miyezo yamagazi simutha kuyenda, kusuta, kuda nkhawa.

Kodi ndizotheka kuchepetsa shuga kunyumba

Ma laboratories ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito magazi kuchokera mu mtsempha kuti apange shuga, kupatulira madzi a m'magazi, ndikuyezera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Njirayi ili ndi cholakwika chochepa.

Pakugwiritsa ntchito kunyumba, pali chipangizo chonyamula - glucometer. Kuyeza shuga ndi glucometer sikumapweteka ndipo kumatenga mphindi. Choyipa chachikulu cha zida zapakhomo ndizolondola kwawo kochepa. Opanga amalola zolakwika mpaka 20%. Mwachitsanzo, ndi shuga weniweni wa 7 mmol / L, mulingo wa 5.6 ukhoza kupezeka kuchokera muyezo. Ngati muthamangitsa shuga m'magazi kokha kunyumba, matenda a shuga adzapezeka mochedwa.

Glucometer ndi njira yabwino yolerera glycemia mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga kale. Koma ndikusintha koyamba mu kagayidwe - kuperewera kwa glucose kapena metabolic syndrome, kulondola kwa mita sikokwanira. Kuti muzindikire zovuta izi pamafunika kusanthula kwachipatala.

Kunyumba, magazi amatengedwa kuchokera ku capillaries yaying'ono yomwe imakhala pansi pa khungu. Mlingo wa shuga wopereka magazi kuchokera chala ndi 12% kutsika kuposa kuchokera mu mtsempha: misala yothamanga kwa anthu okalamba sayenera kukhala yapamwamba kuposa 5.6.

Chonde dziwani kuti ma glucometer ena amawerengeredwa ndi plasma, kuwerenga kwawo sikuyenera kuwerengedwanso. Zambiri zakuwongolera zili m'malangizo.

Mukamalankhula za prediabetes ndi matenda ashuga

Pa 90%, shuga kuposa masiku onse amatanthauza mtundu 2 shuga kapena prediabetes. Matenda a shuga amakula pang'onopang'ono. Nthawi zambiri, zaka zingapo zisanayambe, zimakhala zotheka kudziwa kusintha kwa magazi. Nthawi yoyamba - kokha mutatha kudya, komanso nthawi yayitali, komanso pamimba yopanda kanthu. Zakhazikitsidwa kuti kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha yamagazi kumayambira ngakhale shuga asanakhale pamtunda wa matenda ashuga. Matenda a shuga amachiritsika mosavuta, mosiyana ndi matenda ashuga. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kupenda magazi pafupipafupi kuti mumve shuga.

Gome lotsatirali likufotokozera mwachidule momwe matenda a carbohydrate metabolism angapangidwire:

Chiyeso chimodzi ndikokwanira kuzindikira matenda ashuga ngati munthu ali ndi zizindikiro zowoneka za matendawo. Nthawi zambiri, wodwalayo samatha kumva kuwonjezeka pang'ono kwa shuga, zizindikiro zowoneka bwino zimawonekera mochedwa pamene msinkhu wake umaposa 13 mmol / l. Ngati owonjezera alibe, magazi amaperekedwa kawiri m'masiku osiyanasiyana kuti athe kuchepetsa cholakwika.

Muyezo wa shuga azimayi atatha masabata 24 atabereka mwana ndi ochepera 5.1. Kukwera kwa shuga m'magazi amayi apakati mpaka 7 kumawonetsa matenda ashuga, okwera - pafupifupi kuwamba kwa matenda ashuga.

Njira zosinthira zizindikiro

Ngati kupatuka shuga kuchokera kwazinthu zonse kwapezeka, muyenera kukaonana ndi katswiri wazamankhwala kapena endocrinologist. Atumiza maphunziro owonjezera kuti afotokozere za matendawa. Ngati choyambitsa ndi matenda osokoneza bongo kapena matenda a shuga a 2, chakudya chokhala ndi zoletsa zamagulu ochulukirapo komanso maphunziro akuthupi chizikhala chovomerezeka. Ngati kulemera kwa wodwalayo kuli kwachilendo, kudya calorie kumakhalanso kochepa. Izi ndizokwanira kuchiza prediabetes ndikusunga kuchuluka kwa shuga kumayambiriro kwa matenda ashuga. Ngati glucose amakhalanso wabwinobwino, mankhwala amathandizidwa kuti asinthe shuga m'magazi ndi kuchepetsa matumbo ake. Insulin imayikidwa ngati njira yomaliza ngati matendawa ayamba, ndipo kapamba amakhudzidwa kwambiri.

Ndi mtundu woyamba wa shuga, insulin ndiyofunikira. Nthawi zambiri ichi ndi mankhwala okhawo omwe odwala matenda ashuga amapeza. Ngati mukumvetsetsa kuchuluka kwa kuwerengera kwamawerengero, shuga wamagazi amatha kukhalanso yokhazikika nthawi yayitali. Mavuto a matenda ashuga osawongolera kwenikweni.

Zotsatira za kupatuka kuzolowera

Kuchuluka kwa magazi mwa munthu wamkulu ndi pafupifupi malita asanu. Ngati kuchuluka kwa glucose anali 5 mmol / l, izi zikutanthauza kuti ali ndi magalamu 4.5 okha a shuga m'magazi, kapena supuni 1 imodzi. Ngati pali mafuta amtundu wa 4 awa, wodwalayo akhoza kugwa mu ketoacidotic chikomokere, ngati shuga ndi wocheperapo kuposa 2 gramu, akumana ndi vuto lalikulu kwambiri la hypoglycemic coma. Kusalala kosakhazikika kumathandizira kusungitsa kapamba, ndiye kuti amayankha kuchuluka kwa shuga mwa kupanga insulin. Kuperewera kwa glucose kumadzaza chiwindi ndikuponyera m'masitolo ake a glycogen m'magazi. Ngati shuga ndiwokwera kuposa wabwinobwino, amalankhula za hyperglycemia, ngati wotsika, tikulankhula za hypoglycemia.

Zokhudza thupi la kupatuka kwa shuga:

1. Hyperglycemia pafupipafupi ndiye chimayambitsa zovuta zonse za matenda ashuga. Miyendo, maso, mtima, mitsempha ya odwala matenda ashuga. Nthawi zambiri ma glucometer amawerengedwa amakhala apamwamba kuposa shuga, matendawa amakula msanga.
2. Kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa ndende ya glucose (> 13) kumabweretsa kuwonongeka kwa mitundu yonse ya kagayidwe kachakudya komanso kumayambitsa ketoacidosis. Zinthu zapoizoni - ma ketoni amadziunjikira m'magazi. Ngati njirayi singayime munthawi yake, imayambitsa matenda aubongo, kutaya magazi ambiri, kuchepa mphamvu m'mimba ndi chikomokere.
3. Ochepa, koma pafupipafupi hypoglycemia imayambitsa chisokonezo mu ubongo, zimakhala zovuta kudziwa chidziwitso chatsopano, kukumbukira kumakulirakulira. Mtima suwapatsidwa mokwanira glucose, chifukwa chake chiopsezo cha ischemia ndi vuto la mtima chikuchulukirachulukira.
4. Hypoglycemia <2 mmol / L imayambitsa kusokonekera mu kupuma ndi ntchito ya mtima, munthu amalephera kudziwa, amatha kugwa.