Kodi zovuta za shuga zimabweretsa chiani kwa munthu?

Mafuta akwezedwa amachititsa mavuto ambiri am'mimba komanso a metabolic, omwe amachititsa zotsatira zoyipa pafupifupi m'thupi lonse, kuphatikizapo ziwalo zofunika. Pofuna kupewa zovuta za matenda ashuga, odwala amathandizidwa kulandira chithandizo posachedwa kuti azisintha shuga.

Kuphatikiza pa glycemia, kuchuluka kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi zinthu zobadwa mwanjira ina zimakhudzanso kuchuluka kwa zovuta. Odwala ena omwe ali ndi vuto losakwanira glycemic, zovuta zimayamba makumi angapo pambuyo pake, koma ambiri odwala matenda ashuga amawakumana ndi zaka 5 atadwala. Matenda a Type 2, monga lamulo, amapezeka atachedwa kwambiri pamene mavuto oyamba ayamba kale mwa odwala.

Kodi mitundu ya zovuta za matenda ashuga ndi iti?

Mavuto a shuga nthawi zambiri amagawika m'magulu awiri a voliyumu - pachimake komanso mochedwa. Matenda owuma kwambiri amaphatikizapo zochitika zomwe zimatenga nthawi yayitali, nthawi zambiri, masiku ambiri. Zomwe zimayambitsa ndizochepa kapena kwambiri shuga m'matumba. M'njira zonsezi, kusintha kwa kagayidwe kake ndi ziwalo zimayamba, chikomokere chimachitika, kenako ndikufa. Kwa wodwala muyenera kuchipatala msangakubwezeretsa ziwalo zolimbitsa thupi m'chipindacho.

Matenda a shuga ndi kupsinjika kudzakhala chinthu chakale

• Matenda a shuga -95%
• Kuthetsa kwa mitsempha thrombosis - 70%
• Kuthetsa kwa kugunda kwamtima kwamphamvu -90%
• Kuthana ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi - 92%
• Kuwonjezeka kwa mphamvu masana, kukonza kugona usiku -97%

Pambuyo pake zovuta zimapezeka kwa zaka zambiri, zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ashuga. Mukakhala ndi shuga wambiri, ndimatenda omwe amakula kwambiri. Mavuto apakatikati amathandizira minyewa yam'mitsempha ndi ziwiya zazikulu komanso zazing'ono. Choyamba, ntchito ya ziwalo zosatetezeka kwambiri imasokonekera: impso ndi maso. Mapeto ake, wodwala matenda ashuga amatenga "gulu" lonse la matenda osachiritsika: kuyambira nephropathy mpaka phazi la matenda ashuga. Mwa ana, zovuta zambiri zimawonekera pa nthawi yakutha msinkhu.

Mavuto Aakulu pachishuga

Osati wodwala matenda ashuga okha, komanso abale ake ayenera kudziwa zomwe zingachitike panjira zovuta. Nthawi zonse, izi zimakhala zopanda pake. Amayamba chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwambiri kwa matenda ashuga mellitus (hyperosmolar and ketoacidotic coma), kapena mankhwala ochulukitsa a hypoglycemic (hypoglycemic coma), kapena kupangika kwambiri kwa lactate mothandizidwa ndi zifukwa zakunja (lactic acidosis chikomokere). Nthawi zina sizingatheke kuzindikira zovuta zoyambira. Mavuto akuwonjezeka, wodwalayo amwalira msanga, amafunikira thandizo la ena.

Hypoglycemia

Hypoglycemia mwa anthu athanzi imawerengedwa ngati dontho la shuga pansipa 2.6 ngati zizindikilo zomwe zilipo: kusangalala, kunjenjemera kwamkati, njala, kupweteka mutu, thukuta lokhazikika, kulephera kulolera. Ngati zizindikirozi palibe, 2.2 mmol / L imawerengedwa kuti ndiyofunika kwambiri. Ndi matenda a shuga, malingaliro a hypoglycemia atha kukhala operewera. Odwala, omwe nthawi zambiri amadwala madontho a shuga, musamawamve nthawi zonse. Mosiyana, ndi shuga ochulukirachulukira, zizindikiritso zimatha kumva shuga atatsika 5. Ndi mankhwala, glycemia imakwezedwa mpaka 3.3.

Hypoflycemia wodekha amadziwika kuti ndi omwe adatha kuyimitsa wodwalayo payekha, mosasamala kuchuluka kwa shuga komanso kuopsa kwa zizindikiro. Mtundu 1 wa anthu odwala matenda ashuga amakumana nawo kamodzi pa sabata, ngakhale atadwala.

Mavuto akulu a hypoglycemic amakhudzanso zochitika zomwe odwala matenda ashuga amafuna thandizo la akunja. 4% ya odwala matenda ashuga amafa chifukwa cha hypoglycemia. Nthawi zambiri, chomwe chimayambitsa kufa sichikhala ndi njala ya muubongo (zotsatira zachindunji za kusowa kwa glucose m'matumbo), koma zinthu zina zokhudzana: kuledzera, kusokonezeka kwa mitsempha ya mtima, thrombosis. The pafupipafupi kwambiri hypoglycemia: mtundu 1 shuga - 0.08-0.14 milandu pachaka pa munthu, mtundu 2 - 0.03-0.11 milandu.

>> Zoyenera kuchita ndi hypoglycemia - thandizo loyamba

Ketoacidotic chikomokere

Ketoacidosis imayamba chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa matenda ashuga. Zizindikiro zake ndi shuga wambiri wamitsempha (> 13.9), matupi a ketone mumkodzo (> ++) ndi magazi (> 5), metabolic acidosis (pH <7.3), amakhala ndi nkhawa m'magawo osiyanasiyana. Pa moyo, ketoacidotic chikomokerei amapezeka mu 1-6% ya odwala matenda ashuga, odwala omwe ali ndi shuga kwambiri amakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu. Mwa zisa za hyperglycemic, ketoacidotic imakhala yofala kuposa ena onse, 90% ya odwala omwe avomerezedwa kuti atha kusamalidwa kwambiri akhoza kupulumutsidwa. Chiwopsezo cha kufa chimakhala chambiri mwa anthu omwe ali ndi zovuta zambiri za matenda ashuga ndi matenda ena amphaka.

>> Ketoacidotic chikomokere - zizindikiro ndi chithandizo

Hyperosmolar chikomokere

Hyperglycemia kwambiri ndiyomwe imayambitsa vutoli, koma zovuta za metabolic zimayamba mwanjira ina. Ketosis ndi acidosis mwa odwala kulibe, shuga amakwera kwambiri mpaka 35 mmol / L ndipo apamwamba, magazi osmolarity (kachulukidwe) amakula, ndipo kuchepa kwa madzi kumayamba.

Hyperosmolar chikomaso ndichoperewera kakhumi kuposa ketoacidotic. Wodwala weniweni ndi munthu wokalamba yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga a 2. Zomwe zimayambitsa ngozi ndi zazikazi, matenda opatsirana. Gawo lachitatu la odwala omwe ali ndi hyperosmolar coma poyamba sanadziwe kuti ali ndi matenda ashuga.

Vutoli ndilovuta kudziwa poyambira, chifukwa munthu wodwala matenda ashuga amangokhala ndi shuga komanso kutopa kwambiri. Sizingatheke kuneneratu momwe matenda a metabolic amayamba. Zotsatira zakupha ndi hyperosmolar coma ndizofala kuposa ketoacidotic chikomokere: anthu ambiri amafa ndi 12-15%, ngati chithandizo chinayambika kwambiri - 60%.

About hyperosmolar coma - //diabetiya.ru/oslozhneniya/giperosmolyarnaya-koma.html

Hyperlactacidemic chikomokere

Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, ma lactates amatha kudziunjikira m'magazi. Izi ndi zinthu za metabolic zomwe mwa anthu athanzi labwino zimadyedwa ndi chiwindi munthawi yake. Ngati pazifukwa zina izi sizingatheke, lactic acidosis imayamba. Kupanikizika kumadziwika ndi kuchuluka kwa lactic acid m'matumba, kusiyana kwakukulu kwa anionic. Kuthetsa thupi nthawi zambiri kulibe. Pamene lactic acidosis ikalowa gawo lovuta, mitundu yonse ya kagayidwe imasokonekera, kuledzera kwambiri kumayamba.

Hyperlactacidemic (lactic acidotic) coma ndi mtundu wocheperako komanso wowopsa kwambiri wa chikomokere. Mavuto amapezeka mu 0,06% ya odwala matenda ashuga, kwa odwala ambiri (malinga ndi kuyerekezera kosiyanasiyana, kuchokera pa 50 mpaka 90%), zimatha koopsa. Ndi matenda a mtundu 2, chiopsezo cha lactic acidosis chikuwonjezeka:

• bongo wa metformin;
• kubwezeredwa kwa shuga;
• uchidakwa;
• zolimbitsa thupi;
• hepatic, mtima, aimpso kapena kupuma kulephera;
• kuchepa magazi
• ukalamba.

Zinthu zambiri zomwe zimakhalapo nthawi yomweyo, ndizochulukirapo za lactic acidosis.

Vuto la matenda ashuga

Ndi matenda opweteka a shuga omwe samalipiridwa bwino, kusokonezeka m'matumbo ndi minyewa yamitsempha kumayamba. Zotsatira zake, ziwalo za thupi ndi ziwalo zonse zimasowa chakudya choyenera, matenda osakhazikika amayamba omwe amakulitsa miyoyo ya odwala, amatsogolera kulumala ndi kufa msanga. Mavuto okhudzana ndi matenda ashuga amatchedwa kuchepa, chifukwa kukula kwawo kumatenga zaka, kapena makumi. Monga lamulo, zizindikiro zoyambirira zamavuto zimapezeka zaka 5 atachira matendawa. Kuwongolera kwabwinoko kwa shuga, zovuta za matenda ashuga ziyamba pambuyo pake.

Pambuyo pake zovuta zimagawika m'magulu akulu atatu, iliyonse yomwe imatsogolera pakupanga matenda angapo osachiritsika:

• microvascular
• macrovascular
• mitsempha.

Mavuto osokoneza bongo

Gululi limaphatikizapo matenda a shuga a shuga. Izi ndi zotupa za ziwiya zazing'ono kwambiri za thupi lathu: ma capillaries, venule ndi arterioles. Microangiopathies amapezeka mwa odwala matenda ashuga okha, palibe matenda ena omwe amatsogolera ku zovuta zotere.

Choyambitsa chachikulu cha zovuta za microvascular ndikusintha kwamitsempha yamagazi mothandizidwa ndi glycation, komwe kumadalira kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Kupitilira muyeso wama radicals komanso magazi ochulukirapo a lipid, omwe ali ndi mtundu wa 2 shuga, amathandizira kukula kwa matendawa. Zotsatira zake, makoma amitsempha yamagazi amakula mopitirira muyeso, amatambalala, amakhala ochepa thupi, ndipo zotupa zimachitika nthawi ndi nthawi. Kukula kosasunthika kwa zotengera zatsopano, zomwe popanda zakudya zokwanira zimathanso kugwa mwachangu.

Ngati njirayi singayime munthawi, ziwalo zofunika zimatha kukhalabe popanda magazi. Mavuto a Microvascular makamaka amawonongera retina ndi aimpso glomeruli.

Macrovascular zovuta

Macroangiopathies ndi zotsatira za atherosulinosis, zomwe zimachitika osati mwa odwala matenda ashuga. Komabe, mavutowa amatha kuchitika chifukwa cha anthu odwala matenda ashuga, chifukwa amapezeka kangapo 3,5 kawirikawiri ndi zovuta za kagayidwe kazakudya. Zotsatira za macroangipathy ndi matenda a mtima, kuchepa kwamitsempha yama zotumphukira, matenda amisempha, stroko.

Zinthu zomwe zimawonjezera chiopsezo cha mavuto a mtima:

• nthawi yayitali ya matenda a shuga;
• hyperglycemia, mulingo wa GH> 6% ndizofunikira;
• insulin kukana;
• kuchuluka kwa insulin yokhala ndi matenda amtundu wa 2;
• matenda oopsa
• kuphwanya chiŵerengero cha lipids m'magazi;
• kunenepa kwambiri;
• ukalamba;
• kusuta fodya ndi kuledzera;
• cholowa.

Neuropathy

Matenda a diabetes a neuropathy ndi omwe amachitanso glycemia. Mothandizidwa ndi shuga, dongosolo lamkati kapena lamkati limakhudzidwa. Pamaso pa Microangiopathy m'matumba omwe amathandizira ulusi wamitsempha, neuropathy imayamba mofulumira.

Vutoli lili ndi zizindikiro zapadera: dzanzi, kutentha, goosebumps, kutsika kwapang'onopang'ono kwa chidwi. Miyendo yakumunsi ndiyomwe imayamba kuvutika, ndikupitilira kwamatenda, manja, m'mimba, ndi chifuwa cha odwala matenda ashuga atha kukhudzidwa.

Kupweteka ndi neuropathy kumatha kumalepheretsa munthu kugona mokwanira, zomwe zimayambitsa kukhumudwa kwambiri. Amatulutsa wodwala kwenikweni, muzovuta, ma opioid okha ndi omwe amatha kuthetsa izi. Kuphwanya zamkati kumapangitsa kuti wodwala matenda ashuga asamve kupweteka pang'ono, kuwotcha, kuwonongeka ndikuyamba kulandira chithandizo chokha ndi matenda a mabala. Kuphatikiza apo, ndi matenda ashuga, kukonzanso mphamvu ya minofu kumachepa. Pamodzi ndi angiopathy, neuropathy imatha kubweretsa kuwonongeka kwakovuta kwa minofu mpaka necrosis. Nthawi zambiri, mavutowa amabwera pamiyendo ya m'miyendo (matenda ashuga).

Ndikosatheka kuneneratu ntchito yomwe chiwalo chomwe chingasokoneze neuropathy. Chizungulire, arrhythmias, mavuto am'mimba, kukodza, kutulutsa, thukuta, komanso mavuto ena ambiri amatha.

Mavuto aakulu

Angiopathy ndi neuropathy zimayambitsa matenda osiyanasiyana osachiritsika. Chiwalo chilichonse kapena minyewa iliyonse imatha kuwonongeka mu shuga. Maso, impso ndi mapazi nthawi zambiri zimayamba kuvutika.

Mavuto omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala nawo:

Zomwe zikuchitika pakukula kwa zovuta za mtundu 1 ndi matenda ashuga 2

Ziwerengero zaku Russia pazovuta za matenda ashuga, tebulo likuwonetsa zambiri za 2016 zochokera ku mabungwe azachipatala.

Chidwi chomwe chili patebulopo sichimayikiridwa, chifukwa zovuta zomwe zadziwika kale zikuwonetsedwa apa. Zolakwika zoyambirira zimatha kupezeka ndikungoyesedwa kwathunthu, zomwe si wodwala aliyense amene angathe.

Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda a shuga uli ndi zinthu zambiri zomwe zimawonjezera chiopsezo cha zovuta: kukalamba, kunenepa kwambiri, kuwonongeka kwa lipid. Chifukwa chake, asayansi amatsutsana kwambiri pamwambapa. Ali ndi chitsimikizo kuti thanzi la odwala omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu woyamba amayamba kuwongolera, pomwe zovuta za mtundu wachiwiri wa shuga zimapezeka mochedwa.

Matenda a Type 2 sangawonekere kwa nthawi yayitali, koma zovuta zimayamba kale mu nthawi ya prediabetes. Asanazindikire matendawa zimatenga pafupifupi zaka 5. Kuti mupeze matenda ashuga kale, pamayeso amakanthawi azachipatala, anthu akuluakulu amatenga mayeso a shuga. Phunziroli lithandizira kudziwa momwe matenda a shuga alili, koma osati mtsogolo. Mavuto oyamba a carbohydrate amatha kupezeka kuti akuthandizidwa poyesa mayeso a glucose, omwe sanaphatikizidwe mu ndondomeko yoyeserera kuchipatala, ndipo muyenera kuchita nokha.

Kupewa kwa zovuta - momwe mungapewere

Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti shuga imayamba kukhala ndi zovuta zokhazokha ndi shuga wambiri. Palibe munthu wodwala matenda ashuga mmodzi amene angapeweretu hyperglycemia, koma aliyense akhoza kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwawo.

Kuti mumalize bwino matenda ashuga, chithandizo chamankhwala chikufunika:

1. Sinthani muzakudya. Zigawo zing'onozing'ono, kusowa kwa chakudya chamafuta kwambiri, mapangidwe ake olingalira ndi zakudya zopatsa mphamvu ndi gawo lofunikira kwa shuga wabwinobwino.
2. Zochita zolimbitsa thupi. Zoyenera zochepa - maphunziro atatu a ola limodzi pa sabata. Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi tsiku ndi tsiku kumathandizanso kubwezeredwa kwa shuga.
3. Kuwongolera pafupipafupi. Miyeso yamafupipafupi ya shuga yapezeka kuti ipititse patsogolo kutsatira kwamankhwala pakulimbikitsa komanso kuthandizira kuchepa kwa hemoglobin m'magazi.
4. Osawopa kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa mapiritsi mkati mwa malire omwe mumaloledwa ndi malangizo. Mavuto chifukwa cha shuga wambiri ndi owopsa kwambiri kuposa zotsatira zoyipa.
5. Ngati othandizira a hypoglycemic sapatsa glycemia wabwinobwino, insulin ndiyofunikira. Kuwongolera kwabwino kwambiri kwa shuga pakadali pano kumaperekedwa ndi regimen yowonjezera ya insulin mankhwala okhala ndi insulin analogu komanso pampu ya insulin.

Gawo loyambirira la zovuta litha kuchiritsidwa kwathunthu. Kenako zimangobwera popewa kupititsa patsogolo kwa zovuta zomwe zilipo.