Kodi cholesterol yathunthu m'magazi ndi chiyani?

Cholesterol chonse ndi chinthu chomwe chimakhala chophatikiza mowa ndi mafuta. Amapezeka m'mizimba yonse ya thupi la munthu. Zambiri pazomwe zimawonedwa m'chiwindi, muubongo ndi chingwe cha msana, gland ya adrenal ndi gonads. Kuchuluka kwathunthu mthupi ndi pafupifupi 35 g.

M'mabuku akunyumba ndi akunja, mutha kupeza dzina lina la chinthucho - chimatchedwa "cholesterol". Gawo longa mafuta limagwira ntchito zambiri - limatenga gawo logaya chakudya, limatenga gawo popanga mahomoni ogonana amuna ndi akazi.

Mothandizidwa ndi cholesterol, ma adrenal glands amapanga cortisol, ndipo vitamini D amapangidwa mumapangidwe am'mimba. Nthawi zambiri, thupi laumunthu limapanga zinthu zina lokha, ndipo pafupifupi 25% amabwera ndi chakudya.

Talingalirani za kuchuluka kwamafuta komwe kumawoneka kuti ndi koyenera kwa amuna ndi akazi ndipo chifukwa chiyani odwala matenda ashuga ali pachiwopsezo?

Kodi cholesterol yonse ndi chiyani?

Mawu akuti "cholesterol" ndi gawo la lipid lomwe limapezeka mu ziwalo za zinthu zonse zopanda moyo, popanda kusiyanitsa. Samasungunuka m'madzi, amatenga mbali zosiyanasiyana mthupi.

Anthu ambiri amakhulupirira kuti cholesterol ndi chinthu choyipa chomwe chimayipitsa thupi. Koma kwenikweni izi siziri choncho. Kuchuluka kwa cholesterol kumachitika chifukwa cha zakudya za anthu. 25% yokha ndi yomwe imalowa ndi chakudya, pomwe enawo amapangidwa ndi ma adrenal g chiwindi.

Mawu akuti "cholesterol yathunthu" amatanthauza mitundu iwiri yazinthu ngati zamafuta - awa ndi HDL ndi LDL. Izi ndi zinthu zam'madzi zam'munsi komanso zapamwamba. "Zowopsa" ndi gawo lomwe limatanthawuza maids ochepa a phids. Mu thupi laumunthu, limamangiriza kukhala ndi mapuloteni, kenako limakhazikika mkati mwa khoma lamitsempha yamagazi, chifukwa, mapangidwe a atherosulinotic amapangidwa omwe amasokoneza magazi.

HDL ndichinthu chofunikira, chifukwa sichipanga zolembera, pomwe chikuthandizira kuthetsa omwe adapangidwa kale. Cholesterol wapamwamba kwambiri amatola chinthu "choyipa" kuchokera m'mitsempha yamagazi ndi makoma ochepa, pambuyo pake chimatumizidwa ku chiwindi, komwe gawo "lowopsa" limawonongedwa. HDL simabwera ndi chakudya, koma imangopangidwa m'thupi lokha.

Magwiridwe a cholesterol ali m'magulu otsatirawa:

1. Ndi gawo limodzi lamapangidwe am'mimba. Popeza sichimasungunuka m'madzi, izi zimapangitsa kuti ma membrane am'mimba azikhala osagwira. Ndi 95% opangidwa ndi lipid.
2. Chimalimbikitsa kapangidwe kazomwe mahomoni ogonana amakhala.
3. Amatenga nawo mbali machitidwe a metabolic. Imayang'anira kupanga acids, lipids, mahomoni a steroid ndi zina zofunikira kwa thupi.
4. Imathandizira magwiridwe antchito aubongo. Zimatsimikiziridwa kuti cholesterol imakhudza luntha laumunthu, imakhudza kulumikizana kwa neural. Ngati pali cholesterol yambiri "yabwino" m'magazi, ndiye kupewa matenda a Alzheimer's.

Njira zosiyanasiyana zasayansi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna kudziwa cholesterol yamagazi.

Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti anthu onse azisanthula kuti awonetsetse kuopsa kwa matenda amtima, atherosclerosis, matenda a shuga ndi zina.

Ndani ayenera kuyang'anira cholesterol?

Kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa cholesterol sikuwonekera mwanjira iliyonse, palibe zizindikiritso zilizonse, chifukwa chake, nthawi zambiri, munthu samadziwa za kuchuluka kwake kwa pathological.

Komabe, akatswiri othandizira amalimbikitsa kuyezetsa magazi kuti adziwe chizindikiro ichi zaka zisanu zilizonse. Kenako, ngati pali mbiri yamavuto pamtima kapena m'mitsempha yamagazi, kusanthula kumayenera kuchitika pafupipafupi.

Cholesterol imatha kupezeka kawiri pa nthawi yapakati. Izi ndizosiyana ndi zomwe zimachitika, chifukwa cha kusintha kwa ma horoni komanso kusintha kwina m'thupi komwe kumayenderana ndi kukula kwa intrauterine kwa mwana.

Otsatirawa ali pachiwopsezo:

• Kusuta anthu;
• Matenda oopsa (odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la kuthamanga kwa magazi);
• Anthu onenepa kwambiri kapena onenepa kwambiri;
• Anthu odwala matenda ashuga
• Ngati mbiri ya matenda amtima;
• Amayi amiseche
• Amuna pambuyo pazaka 40;
• Anthu okalamba.

Ndi matenda a shuga, ziwalo zonse zamthupi ndi machitidwe amthupi amavutika. Vutoli ndilakuti odwala matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2, mosasamala kanthu za kuwongolera kwa glucose, amakonda kutsika kwambiri ma triglycerides otsika komanso cholesterol yochepa, pomwe magazi awo a "zinthu zabwino" amachepetsedwa.

Chithunzi chotere chimabweretsa mwayi waukulu wopanga kusintha kwa atherosulinotic m'thupi. Zilonda za cholesterol zopangidwa pamakoma amitsempha yamagazi ndi mitsempha imadziwika ndi mafuta ambiri komanso zimakhala zochepa zam'mimba, zomwe zimawonjezera chiopsezo chodzipatula - chotengera chimatsekeka, chomwe chimayambitsa vuto la mtima kapena kugunda kwa odwala matenda ashuga.

Njira zodziwira cholesterol

Kuti muwone chiyerekezo cha cholesterol chabwino ndi choyipa m'thupi, kafukufuku wa labotale amafunika. Kuyesedwa kwamwazi wamagazi kumachitika. Zimawonetsa phindu la cholesterol yathunthu, kuchuluka kwa LDL ndi HDL. Magawo ndi mg pa dl kapena mmol pa lita. Chikhalidwe chimakhala chifukwa cha zaka za munthu, jenda.

Muzochita zamankhwala, popanga mawu omaliza, amawongoleredwa ndi magome ena momwe maimidwe a amayi ndi abambo akufotokozedwera. Kupatuka kwazomwe zili mbali imodzi kapena imodzi kumawonetsa matenda. Mulimonsemo, ngati zinthu zili zopitilira 5.2 mmol pa lita imodzi, ndiye kuti kuwunika kowonjezera kumafunikira - mbiri ya lipid.

Lipidogram ndi kuphunzira kwathunthu komwe kumathandiza kudziwa kuchuluka kwa chizindikiritso, zigawo zake, triglycerides, ndi index ya atherogenic. Kutengera ndi coefficients a data iyi, ndizotheka kudziwa ngati pali chiwopsezo cha atherosulinosis kapena ayi.

Kuwunikako kumaphatikizapo kugawidwa kwa cholesterol yathunthu kukhala alpha-cholesterol (yabwinobwino mpaka 1 mmol / l) - chinthu chomwe sichinayikidwe m'thupi la munthu ndi beta-cholesterol (yachilendo mpaka 3 mmol / l) - gawo lomwe limathandizira kuti LDL isungidwe m'mitsempha yamagazi.

Komanso, lipid mbiri imathandizira kukhazikitsa muyeso wa zinthu ziwiri. Ngati chizindikirocho chili chochepera 3.0, ndiye kuti chiwopsezo cha matenda amtima ndiwosadziwikiratu. Panthawi yomwe paradiso 4,16, mwayi wa matenda ukuwonjezeka. Ngati mtengo wake uli pamwamba pa 5.0-5.7, ndiye kuti chiwopsezocho ndi chachikulu kapena matendawa alipo kale.

Tsopano mutha kugula mayeso apadera, omwe amagulitsidwa ku malo ogulitsa mankhwala. Kugwiritsa ntchito, kudziwa kuchuluka kwa thunthu kunyumba. Phunziro lotere ndilofunika makamaka kwa odwala matenda ashuga, chifukwa pafupifupi odwala onse kuchuluka kwa zinthu zoyipa m'magazi kumachuluka.

Maola 12 musanayambe kuphunzira simungathe:

1. Kusuta.
2. Imwani mowa.
3. Khalani amanjenje.

Kudziyang'anira palokha kumalimbikitsidwanso kwa anthu opitirira zaka 65 komanso kwa odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la mtima.

Kutanthauzira kwa kusanthula: zodziwika ndi zopatuka

Mtengo woyenera ndi wochepera 5.2. Ngati zizindikirozo zikuyambira pa 5.2 mpaka 6.2 mmol / l, ndiye ziwerengero zovomerezeka. Panthawi yomwe mayeso a labotale adawonetsa zotsatira za mayunitsi oposa 6.2 - awa ndiwokwera. Chifukwa chake, zomwe 7.04, 7.13, 7.5 ndi 7.9 ziyenera kuchepetsedwa.

Kuti muchepetse mfundo zofunika, muyenera kubwerezanso zakudya. Amatsata chiwerengero 5 cha zakudya, kutsata njira yumwa, kupita kumasewera. Popanda chotsatira, mankhwalawa amalembedwa - mankhwala omwe amachepetsa cholesterol yoyipa m'magazi.

Kuwonjezeka kwa cholesterol yachikulire kumayambitsa zifukwa zosiyanasiyana. Uku ndikudwala matenda a shuga, zotupa zoyipa za prostate, kulephera kwamtima kosalekeza, zizolowezi zabwino za kudya, kusowa masewera olimbitsa thupi, matenda oopsa, zina zambiri.

Mulingo wa cholesterol "yoyipa" pagome:

Pakuwunikira kumawonetsa HDL kapena cholesterol yabwino yotere. Kwa akazi, mtengo wabwinobwino komanso wabwino umasiyanasiyana kuchoka pa 1.3 mpaka 1.6 mmol / l, kwa amuna - 1,0 mpaka 1.6 mayunitsi. Ndizoyipa ngati chizindikiro chamunthu chokhala chocheperachepera, komanso kwa amayi ochepera 1.3 mmol / l.

Zotsatira zikamasuliridwa malinga ndi chikhalidwe choperekera, sikuti anthu okhawo omwe ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha amatchulidwa, komanso zinthu zina zomwe zingakhudze phindu lomaliza. Izi zikuphatikiza:

• Nthawi ya chaka. Kutengera nyengo, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zinthu kumakhala mosiyanasiyana - kuchuluka kapena kuchepa. Zakhala zikutsimikiziridwa kuti nthawi yozizira (nthawi yozizira kapena kugwa koyambirira), zinthu za cholesterol zimawonjezeka ndi 2-5%. Kupatuka kwazomwe zimachitika panthawiyi pang'onopang'ono ndi gawo lachipangidwe, osati matenda;
• Kuyamba kwa msambo. Amadziwika kuti mu gawo loyamba la kuzungulira, kupatuka kungakhale kupitirira khumi, komwe ndi mawonekedwe a thupi la mkazi. Pambuyo pake, kuwonjezeka kwa 5-9% kwapezeka. Izi ndichifukwa cha mawonekedwe a kaphatikizidwe kamapangidwe a lipid mothandizidwa ndi zinthu za mahomoni ogonana;
• Panthawi yapakati, cholesterol imatha kuwirikiza kawiri, zomwe ndi zofunikira panthawiyi. Ngati ndende ikuchulukirachulukira, ndiye kuti chithandizo chikufunika chomwe chimayang'ana pa kukonzanso;
• Pathology. Ngati wodwala akudwala angina pectoris, ochepa matenda oopsa, mtundu 1 shuga mellitus, matenda opumira kwambiri, ndiye kuti pamakhala chiwopsezo chachikulu cha cholesterol m'thupi;
• Ma tumor okhala ndi vuto lodetsa nkhawa amatsogolera kutsika kwakukulu kwa zomwe zili ndi lipid mowa. Izi zikuchitika chifukwa cha kuwonjezeka kwa kukula kwa minofu ya pathological. Kukula kwake kumafunikira magawo ambiri, kuphatikizapo mowa wamafuta.

Kufupikitsika munthu, kumachepetsa cholesterol. Ndi zaka, malire ololeredwa amasunthika. Mwachitsanzo, ngati kwa mayi wazaka 25-30, chizolowezi cha LDL ndi mpaka magawo 4,25, ndiye kuti zaka 50-55 malire ndi 5.21 mmol / l.

Cholesterol ndi chinthu chomwe chimathandiza thupi kugwira ntchito. Kukula kwa matenda a LDL kumafuna kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu kuti muchepetse cholesterol, makamaka matenda monga matenda a shuga, kulephera kwamtima, matenda a mtima.

Kodi cholesterol imauza chiyani katswiri muvidiyoyi.