Endocrinologist adzatha kudziwa matenda a shuga ndikuzindikira mtundu wake, atapatsidwa mlingo wamankhwala amakono, popanda kuchita kwambiri komanso kudziwa zambiri. Kupatulako ndi mtundu wa matenda monga matenda a shuga a modi.
Ngakhale omwe si dokotala waluso komanso samakumana ndi matenda amtundu wa endocrine, amadziwika kuti pali mitundu iwiri ya matenda ashuga:
- Odalira insulin - mtundu 1 shuga;
- Matenda a shuga osagwirizana ndi insulin 2.
Zinthu zomwe matenda amtundu woyambayo amadziwika nawo: nthawi yake yakukula kapena kuubwana, pomwe insulin imayenera kutumikiridwa nthawi yomweyo komanso kwa moyo wonse.
Wodwala sangathe kuchita popanda iye, monga wopanda mpweya ndi madzi. Ndipo onse chifukwa maselo a kapamba, omwe amachititsa kuti timadzi timene timapanga, timataya ntchito ndi kufa. Tsoka ilo, asayansi sanapezebe njira yowapangitsira.
Matenda a 2 a shuga nthawi zambiri amakula mwa anthu achikulire. Ndizotheka kukhala ndi iye kwa zaka zambiri popanda jakisoni. Koma pokhapokha musamadye zakudya zolimbitsa thupi komanso mokhazikika. Mankhwala ochepetsa shuga amayikidwa ngati othandizira, koma samafunikira nthawi zonse.
Matendawa atha kulipidwa. Momwe zimayendera bwino zimangotengera kulakalaka komanso kufunitsitsa kwa wodwalayo, pamlingo wathanzi lawo panthawi yomwe matendawa adapangidwa.
Dotolo amangopangira zoikika, koma kuchuluka kwake momwe adzalemekezedwere, sangathe kuziwongolera, popeza mankhwalawa amachitika kunyumba mokha.
Kukula kwa mtundu wamatenda monga matenda a shuga a mody kumachitika mosiyanasiyana. Ndi chiyani, mungazindikire bwanji, ndi ziti zomwe zikuwopseza - zomwe zili pansipa.
Zizindikiro zosasintha komanso mawonekedwe
Matenda a shuga a Mody ndi njira yapadera kwambiri yamatenda. Zizindikiro zake ndi maphunzirowa satsika muyezo wokhala ndi matenda amtundu woyamba kapena wachiwiri.
Mwachitsanzo: matenda a shuga a m'mody amatanthauza ngati mwana wakhanda, popanda chifukwa, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumakwera mpaka 8.0 mmol / l, chodabwitsa chimawonedwa mobwerezabwereza, koma palibe chomwe chimachitika? Ndiye kuti, palibe zizindikiro zina za matenda ashuga zomwe zimadziwika.
Kodi ndingafotokozere bwanji kuti mwa ana ena gawo loyamba la matenda ashuga 1 limatha kukhala zaka zingapo? Kapena ndizodabwitsa ngati achinyamata omwe apezeka ndi matenda a shuga 1 safunika kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa insulin kwa zaka zambiri, ngakhale atakhala kuti samayang'anira shuga wawo wamagazi?
Mwanjira ina, matenda a shuga a 1 omwe amadalira odwala ndi ana nthawi zambiri amakhala osachiritsika osati olemetsa, monga mtundu wa 2 wodwala okalamba. Ndi machitidwe awa pomwe mtundu wa matenda monga modi ukayikiridwa.
Pakati pa 5 ndi 7 peresenti ya nthenda zonse za matenda a shuga zimapezeka mu shuga. Koma awa ndi mawerengero ovomerezeka.
Akatswiri amati kwenikweni, mtundu uwu wa shuga ndiwofala kwambiri. Koma sichikhala chobisalira chifukwa chazovuta pakuzindikira. Kodi matenda a shuga a mody ndi ati?
Kodi matenda amtunduwu ndi otani?
Kukula kwa Zakutha kwa Achinyamata - Umu ndi momwe chidule cha Chingerezi chimapangidwira. Zomwe kumasulira kumatanthauza matenda a shuga okhwima mwa achinyamata. Kwa nthawi yoyamba mawu ngati amenewa adayambitsidwa mu 1975 ndi asayansi aku America kuti adziwe mtundu wa shuga, wodwala wosakhazikika, wodwala wokhala ndi chibadwa chatsopano.
Matendawa amatuluka motsutsana ndi maziko a kusintha kwamtundu wamtundu, zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kuphwanya kwa ntchito ya kapangidwe kake ka kapamba. Zosintha pamtundu wa majini zimachitika nthawi zambiri muunyamata, unyamata komanso ngakhale ubwana. Koma kudziwa matenda, ndendende, mtundu wake, kumatheka pokhapokha ngati kafukufuku wa ma genetic apanga.
Kuti muzindikire kuti muli ndi matenda a shuga, kusintha masinthidwe amtundu wina kuyenera kutsimikiziridwa. Mpaka pano, mitundu 8 ya mitundu yomwe imatha kusintha imasiyanitsidwa, zomwe zimayambitsa kukula kwa matendawa m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Onsewa amasiyana muzochitika ndikuwonetsedwa kwamankhwala, motero, amafunika njira zosiyanasiyana pakukonzekera.
Nthawi zina matenda amtunduwu akhoza kukayikiridwa
Ndiye, ndi zizindikiro ndi zizindikiro zamtundu wanji zomwe zikuwonetsa kuti mtundu wocheperako komanso wovuta kudziwa mtundu wa matenda a shuga ukuchitika? Chithunzi cha chipatala chitha kufanana kwambiri ndi chitukuko ndi mtundu wa matenda a shuga 1. Koma mofananamo, zizindikilo zotere zalembedwanso:
- Kuchotsa kwazitali kwambiri (osachepera chaka), pomwe nthawi zowonongeka sizimawonedwa konse. Mankhwala, chodabwitsachi chimadziwikanso kuti "tchuthi cha ukwati."
- Ndi mawonetseredwe, palibe ketoacidosis.
- Maselo omwe amapanga insulini amasungabe ntchito, monga zikuwonekera ndi kuchuluka kwa C-peptide m'magazi.
- Ndi makonzedwe ochepa a insulin, kubwezeretsedwa bwino kwambiri kumawonedwa.
- Zizindikiro za hemoglobin ya glycated sizidutsa 8%.
- Palibe kuyanjana ndi dongosolo la HLA.
- Ma antibodies kuma cell a beta ndi insulin sapezeka.
Chofunikira: kudwala kungapezeke popanda kukayika ngati wodwalayo ali ndi abale ake omwe amapezekanso ndi matenda a shuga, matenda am'malire "anjala" hyperglycemia, matenda osokoneza bongo (panthawi yomwe ali ndi pakati), kapena kuletsa kwa glucose kwa maselo.
Pali chifukwa chokayikira matenda a shuga a mody panthawi yomwe kupezeka kwa matenda a shuga 2 amatsimikiziridwa ali ndi zaka zosakwana 25, komanso popanda kunenepa.
Makolo ayenera kusamala makamaka ngati ana awo ali ndi zizindikiro monga izi kwa zaka ziwiri kapena kupitirira:
- Njala hyperglycemia (osapitirira 8.5 mmol / l), koma popanda zina zofananira zochitika - kuchepa thupi, polydipsia, polyuria;
- Kuchepetsa kwamoto kumagwirira ntchito.
Odwala, monga lamulo, muzochitika zotere alibe madandaulo apadera. Vuto ndilakuti ngati mutasowa kamphindi, zovuta zingapo zimatha kukhalapo ndipo matenda a shuga amayamba kuwonongeka. Kenako zidzakhala zovuta kuthana ndi matendawa.
Chifukwa chake, kufufuza pafupipafupi kumafunikira ndipo, ndikusintha pang'ono pachithunzi cha chipatala ndikuwonetsa zizindikiro zatsopano, yambani kuchiritsa kuti muchepetse shuga.
Zambiri: zimadziwika kuti mtundu wachilendowu wa matenda ashuga mwa akazi ndiwofala kwambiri kuposa amuna. Amakhala, monga lamulo, mu mawonekedwe owopsa. Palibe malongosoledwe asayansi otsimikizira izi.
Mitundu Yosiyanasiyana ya Matenda a Modi
Kutengera ndi majini omwe asinthika, pali mitundu 6 ya matendawa. Onsewa amapitilira mosiyanasiyana. Amayitanidwa, motero, Mody-1, Mody-2, etc. Mtundu wofatsa kwambiri ndi matenda a shuga a Modi-2.
Kusala kudya kwa hyperglycemia pamenepa sikuti kumakhala kwakukulu kuposa 8.0%, kupititsa patsogolo, komanso kukula kwa ketoacidosis, sikokhazikika. Zowonetsa zina za matenda ashuga sizimawonedwa. Kukhazikika kuti mawonekedwe awa amapezeka kwambiri pakati pa anthu aku France ndi Spain.
Kuchulukitsa kwa odwala kumakhalabe ndi mlingo wochepa wa insulin, womwe nthawi zambiri suyenera kuwonjezera.
Kumpoto kwa Europe - England, Holland, Germany - Mobi-3 ndiofala. Kusiyanaku pakati pa matendawa kumatchulidwa kwambiri. Amakula mtsogolo, monga lamulo, patatha zaka 10, koma nthawi yomweyo mwachangu, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zovuta zazikulu.
Matenda monga Modi-1 ndi osowa kwambiri. Pazifukwa zonse za matenda ashuga amtunduwu, Modi-1 ndi 1% yokha. Njira yamatendawa ndi yowopsa. Kusintha kwa matendawa Modi-4 amakula mwa achinyamata atatha zaka 17. Modi-5 imatikumbutsa njira yofatsa komanso kusayenda bwino kwa njira yachiwiri. Koma nthawi zambiri imakhala yovuta ndi matenda monga matenda ashuga nephropathy.
Njira zochizira
Popeza mtundu uwu wa pancreatic pathology sukusiyanasiyana pakupita patsogolo, njira zamankhwala ndizofanana ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda a shuga. Poyamba, kuti muwongolere mkhalidwe wa wodwalayo, njira zotsatirazi ndizokwanira:
- Zakudya zabwino;
- Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi mokwanira.
Nthawi yomweyo, zidatsimikiziridwa machitidwe kuti zimasankhidwa molondola komanso zimachitidwa masewera olimbitsa thupi zomwe zimapereka zotsatira zabwino komanso zimathandizira kubwezeretsanso mwachangu.
Njira ndi njira zotsatirazi zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito:
- Ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi olimbitsa thupi, yoga.
- Kudya zakudya zomwe zimathandizira kuchepetsa shuga.
- Maphikidwe a mankhwala achikhalidwe.
Njira iliyonse yomwe yasankhidwa, iyenera kuvomerezedwa nthawi zonse ndi adokotala. Zakudya zophika zakudya ndi wowerengeka ngati sikokwanira, amasintha zakudya zomwe zimachepetsa shuga ndi mankhwala a insulin. Nthawi zambiri izi zimakhala zofunikira pa nthawi yakutha msinkhu, pamene mahomoni amakumbukidwe amasintha kwambiri.
