Polyneuropathy ya malekezero am'munsi ndizowoneka zambiri zazingwe zamitsempha. Matendawa amadziwika ndi ziwalo zopuwala zamiyendo, kusowa kwa chiwopsezo chikakhudzidwa ndikuwonekera kutentha, komanso zovuta zina zam'munsi.
Ndi matendawa, mitsempha yomwe imayendetsa ndikusunthika imakhudzidwa, komanso madera akutali a ma neuron omwe ali kumapazi. Zinthu ndi kukula kwa zizindikiro zimadalira mtundu wamatenda.
Mitundu ya polyneuropathy
Pali mitundu yotere yamatenda:
- Kutupa - chomwe chimayambitsa maonekedwe ndi kutupa kwambiri komwe kumachitika mu minyewa yamitsempha;
- Zowopsa - zimawonekera pambuyo povulala zingapo, monga chithunzi;
- Poizoni - chomwe chimayambitsa matendawo ndi poizoni wa mthupi ndi chimodzi mwazakudwala (mwachitsanzo, altait);
- Allergic polyneuropathies am'munsi malekezero - amatuluka chifukwa kuphwanya chitetezo chathupi.
Tcherani khutu! Polyneuropathy imatha kukhala yovuta kapena yosatha, axonal (mwanjira iyi mawonekedwe a axial a nerve fiber amakhudzidwa) ndi demyelinating (imawoneka chifukwa cha kusintha kwa pathological mu membrane wa neurons).
Mwanthawi yayitali, matendawa amakula pang'onopang'ono. Koma amathanso kupita patsogolo kwambiri, ndikusunthira kuchoka ku zotumphukira kupita ku dongosolo lamanjenje lamkati.
Amayambitsa polyneuropathy
Matendawa amatha kuchitika mothandizidwa ndi zinthu zambiri, mwatsoka, sizotheka nthawi zonse kuzikhazikitsa.
Zifukwa zakukula kwa polyneuropathy ndizambiri. Izi zimaphatikizira matenda a autoimmune (kusokonekera kwa magwiridwe antchito a chitetezo chamthupi komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kusowa bwino m'thupi), mafakitale (lead), kapena kuledzera ndi chakudya chosakhala bwino komanso zakumwa zoledzeretsa.
Kuphatikiza apo, zinthu zomwe zimapangitsa kuyambika kwa matendawa ndi zotupa, chibadwa chamtundu, matenda onse omwe amachititsa kutupa kwa mitsempha.
Zina zomwe zimapangitsa kuti polyneuropathy ipite patsogolo zimatha kukhala: kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosasamala kwa mankhwala (penicillin, streptomycin, azaserin, etc.), chiwindi, impso, kapamba, kuchepa kwa mavitamini ndi matenda a endocrine (shuga mellitus).
Koma, monga lamulo, polyneuropathy ya miyendo imawonekera pomwe madipatimenti amanjenje am'migazi amakhala oyamba kuchitapo kanthu pazomwe zimachitika mu dongosolo.
Chifukwa china chagona kuti ma neuron akutali alibe chotchinga magazi.
Chifukwa chake, ma virus angapo komanso matenda amatha kulowa mosavuta m'malumikizidwe amtsempha.
Zizindikiro
Ndi polyneuropathy, kuwonongeka kwa ma tactile ulusi ndi ma neurons omwe amayendetsa kayendedwe amawona. Matenda omwe amapezeka m'mitsempha ya mitsempha amatha kuyambitsa ndi:
- kuchepa kwa chidwi (osagwira, kutentha kapena kuzizira)
- kutupa ndi paresis (kufupa, kufinya),
- kufooka kwa minofu.
Komanso, ndi polyneuropathy, zizindikiro monga kuchepa kapena kusowa kwa tendon reflexes ndi kuphulika ndi kupweteka kwapweteka kwambiri m'mitsempha yamipweya zimawonedwa. Komabe, pali zizindikiro za mawonekedwe a paresthesia ndi goosebumps, ndipo ma gait amasintha chifukwa chosokoneza minofu.
Zofunika! "Cock's gait" ndi chimodzi mwazizindikiro zazikulu zomwe zimatuluka pothana ndi chithandizo cha polyneuropathy.
Pakapita nthawi matendawa atakula, polyneuropathy yokhala m'munsi imadziwika chifukwa minofu kwathunthu, Guillain-Barré syndrome imayamba (kufooka kwa miyendo, ndipo pambuyo pa kupuma kwa minofu), ndipo zilonda zam'mimba zimatulutsanso, zomwe zimakhalanso ngati zizindikiritso zofunika kwambiri.
Kuzindikira
Matendawa amadziwika ndi njira yosiyanitsa, pomwe adokotala amafufuza mosamala zonse zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa, ndikuchotsa matenda ena omwe ali ndi zofanana. Sensorimotor polyneuropathy imatha kupezekanso pano.
Mukazindikira polyneuropathy, dokotala amatsogozedwa ndi zizindikiro zamankhwala, akumvera zonse zomwe akuwonetsa.
Nthawi yomweyo, adotolo amawunikira kunja, amawunika zomwe zimachitika ndikupeza mbiri yokhala ndi cholowa (kodi pali matenda ofananawo kwa abale apamtima?), Amasamalira bwino zomwe akuwonetsa.
Ndi kupita patsogolo kwa matendawa komanso kukayikira kwa mawonekedwe owopsa, kapena ngati sensorimotor polyneuropathy imayamba, dokotala amafunsa wodwalayo mankhwala ndi zinthu zomwe wodwala adagwiritsa ntchito.
Njira yodziwitsa ena za zida
Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito njira ngati izi:
- biopsy
- kuyesa kwamwazi wamagazi;
- palpation ya mitsempha ya mitsempha kuti mupeze zomata m'mitsempha ya mitsempha, zomwe zimawonetsa cholowa chamawonekedwe;
- radiology;
- electroneuromyography - amachita kuti adziwe kuthamanga kwa zimachitika;
- kupimidwa kwa ultrasound kwamkati;
- kuphunzira za Reflex;
- kusanthula kwamadzi am'magazi (cerebrospinal fluid).
Chithandizo
Chithandizo cha polyneuropathy, monga matenda ena aliwonse omwe amagwirizana ndi dongosolo lamanjenje, ndizovuta. Potere, njira zingapo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Pankhani ya fomu yachiwiri (matenda ashuga, matenda a chithokomiro), ndiye kuti mankhwalawa amaperekedwa chifukwa choyambitsa kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha.
Mankhwalawa pulayimale polyneuropathy, mankhwala otsatirawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito:
- Zopuma zolimbitsa thupi (baclofen);
- zikutanthauza kuti atsogolere ntchito yoyambitsa mapapu;
- chigamba cha tsabola;
- mankhwala a mahomoni (glucocorticosteroids);
- mankhwala opaka (mafuta omwe amakhala ndi lidocaine);
- mavitamini;
- analgesics;
- anticonvulsants (gabalentin);
- antidepressants.
Pankhani ya matenda oopsa a matendawa, dokotalayo amapereka mankhwala a plasmophoresis (njira yoyeretsera magazi).
Physiotherapy
Chithandizo cha polyneuropathy yokhazikika komanso cholowa ndi njira yayitali yokhala ndi magawo ambiri.
Mankhwala amathandizidwa ndi miyeso ya physiotherapeutic, monga physiotherapy (kukonza minofu kamvekedwe) ndi magnetotherapy, momwe maginito amatumizidwa kumagawo akovuta.
Komanso, chithandizo chimayendetsedwa ndi kukondoweza kwa magetsi, Reflexology, kutikita minofu kwa matenda a shuga. Nthawi zina adotolo amapereka mankhwala kwa wodwala, momwe amaletsedwa kudya chakudya chamafuta, mafuta.
Panthawi yamankhwala komanso panthawi yochira, wodwalayo sayenera kusuta ndi kumwa mapiritsi ndi zakumwa zomwe zimakhala ndi chidwi komanso chosangalatsa.
Tcherani khutu! Ndi chithandizo cha panthawi yake komanso chokwanira, matendawa amatha kukhala abwino kwambiri.
Chosiyana ndi chithandizo cha mtundu wamatenda a polyneuropathy. Pankhaniyi, matendawa sangathe kuchotsedwa kwathunthu, koma kutha kwake kuzindikirika komanso kutha kwa zizindikiro kungathetsedwe.
Njira zopewera
Njira zodzitetezera sizili zofunikira kuposa chithandizo chamankhwala ndipo cholinga chake ndikuchotsa zinthu zomwe zimatha kuwononga kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha.
Pofuna kupewa polyneuropathy, ndikofunikira kuchiza panthawi yake komanso matenda opatsirana, komanso osamwa zakumwa zoledzeretsa.
Kuphatikiza apo, madokotala amalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito othandizira pogwira ntchito ndi zinthu zoopsa, musagwiritse ntchito molakwika mankhwalawa (osamwa mankhwalawa popanda mankhwala) ndikuwunika mtundu wa chakudya chomwe mumamwa.
Monga lamulo, ndizosatheka kupewa polyneuropathy. Komabe, ndi zizindikiro zoyambirira za matendawa, mutha kufunsa dokotala nthawi yomweyo. Chifukwa cha izi, nthawi yamankhwala othandizira idzachepetsedwa kwambiri, ndipo chiwopsezo cha zovuta zovuta chichepetsedwa.
