Matenda a shuga a Mtundu Wachiwiri amadziwika bwino kuposa 90% ya onse odwala matenda ashuga. Pachifukwa ichi, amadziwika kuti ndi matenda ofala kuposa shuga 1. Zimakula mukamakhala ndi moyo wosayenera, komanso odwala okalamba omwe zovuta za thupi zimalumikizana ndi zokhudzana ndi zaka.
Odwala omwe amapezeka ndi matenda a shuga a 2 ndi onenepa kwambiri peresenti ya milandu, zomwe zimayambitsa kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi. Nthawi zambiri, madongosolo amafuta amadziunjikira pamimba ndi kumtunda kwa thupi. Poterepa, chiwerengerochi chimakhala ngati apulo, izi zimatchedwa kunenepa kwam'mimba.
Kuchepetsa katundu pa kapamba mu mtundu 2 wa matenda a shuga, ndikofunikira kutsatira malingaliro onse a madokotala, omwe angathandize kuchepetsa kuchepa kwa maselo a beta. Chithandizo cha matenda a shuga a mtundu 2 chimapangidwa makamaka kuti chitukuko cha chidwi cha maselo chikhale ndi zotsatira za insulin mthupi, chifukwa cha chomwe insulin imatsitsidwa.
Zakudya zamankhwala komanso zakudya zoyenera zimathandiza kuthana ndi matendawa. Makamaka, mankhwala owonjezera omwe amachepetsa shuga ayenera kumwedwa kuti achulukitse kuchedwa pakugwiritsira ntchito insulin.
Dokotala atazindikira kuti ali ndi matenda ashuga amitundu iwiri, muyenera kuyambiranso moyo wanu.
- Muyenera kuphunzira momwe mungawongolere shuga, chifukwa tsiku lililonse miyezo ya magazi imatengedwa pamagulu a glucose pogwiritsa ntchito glucometer.
- Choyamba, muyenera kulabadira zizindikiro za glucose mukatha kudya.
- Chakudya chopatsa thanzi chizikhala choyenera komanso chathanzi; kudya zakudya zoletsedwa zomwe zili ndi mafuta ochulukirapo ndizoletsedwa. Popewa kukula kwamavuto, njira yapadera ya carb yotsika idapangidwira odwala matenda ashuga.
- Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kumathandiza kuti muchepetse shuga. Popeza mkhalidwe wa anthu odwala matenda ashuga umadalira kukhalapo kochita masewera olimbitsa thupi, madokotala nthawi zambiri amalimbikitsa kuti athandizire mankhwalawo kuthamanga kapena mitundu ina ya masewera olimbitsa thupi yomwe imapindulitsa thupi.
- Ngati kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi sikungachepe, ngakhale zakudya zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, adokotala amatipatsa mankhwala ochepetsa shuga.
- Pokhapokha chithandizo chotere sichikupezeka chomwe chimaperekedwa pakugwiritsa ntchito insulin, yomwe imalowetsedwa m'thupi nthawi yogona kapena m'mimba yopanda kanthu m'mawa. Dongosolo la chithandizo chotere liyenera kuvomerezedwa ndi adokotala.
Ndikofunika kumvetsetsa kuti chithandizo cha insulin chimangoperekedwa pokhapokha ngati chithandizo chazonse sichithandiza. Pachifukwachi, ndikofunikira kuyesetsa kukonza kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.
Ngati dokotala atakufotokozerani insulini popanda kufufuza mwatsatanetsatane mbiri yakale yachipatala, ndikofunikira kulumikizana ndi endocrinologist wina.
Momwe mungapewere zolakwa pamankhwala
Vutoli lalikulu lomwe odwala matenda ashuga nthawi zambiri amapanga ndi kumwa mapiritsi a sulfonylurea. Chowonadi ndi chakuti mankhwalawa amathandizira kupanga insulin yowonjezera ndikupanga ma cell a pancreatic.
Pakadali pano, ndi matenda amtundu wa 2, vuto silikhala kuchuluka kwa insulini yomwe imapangidwa, koma chifukwa chakuti wodwalayo amakhala ndi chidwi chochepa cha maselo ku zotsatira za mahomoni.
Mukamamwa mankhwala othandizira, kapamba amayamba kugwira ntchito ndi katundu wambiri, chifukwa maselo amatha ndikufa.
Chifukwa chake, ndimankhwala omwe amachititsa kuchepa kwa insulin pambuyo povuta kwa kapamba.
Kenako, zovuta izi zimadzetsa kukula kwa matenda ashuga amtundu woyamba. Komanso, mankhwalawa amatha kuyambitsa hypoglycemia ngati wodwala matenda ashuga samvera mlingo kapena osadya atamwa mankhwalawo.
Kuti mupewe cholakwika chotere, muyenera kuphunzira mosamala malangizo ndi kapangidwe ka mankhwala omwe akuperekedwa. Ngati zili ndi zinthu zokhudzana ndi sulfonylurea, musatenge. Izi zimagwiranso ntchito kwa mankhwala a mtundu wophatikiza, omwe ali ndi zinthu ziwiri zogwira ntchito.
Njira yabwino kwa odwala matenda ashuga ndi kumwa mankhwala okhala ndi metformin popanda zowonjezera, mwachitsanzo, Glucofage kapena Siofor 1000. Komabe, mankhwalawa amachepetsa shuga ndi 0.5-1 mmol / lita imodzi, chifukwa chake simuyenera kuyembekezera zambiri kuchokera kwa iwo.
Chithandizo chachikulu ndicakudya chabwino, koma simungathe kufa ndi njala, kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa zopatsa mphamvu. Zakudyazi siziyenera kukhala ndi zakudya zopanda thanzi komanso zovulaza zokha, komanso zakudya zabwino komanso zopatsa thanzi.
Kudya kwambiri ndi matenda a shuga a 2 sikulimbikitsanso, ngakhale chakudyacho chikhale chopatsa thanzi. Ndikofunikira kumaliza njira yodyerayo mukakhala ndi satiety pang'ono komanso njala yochepa.
Osadziletsa malire pakugwiritsa ntchito mafuta. Zakudya zochiritsika zitha kuphatikizapo mafuta, mazira, nyama ndi nsomba zam'nyanja.
Pofuna kupewa kudya kwambiri, muyenera kukonza chakudya chatsiku lonse. Zakudya zazing'ono monga mawonekedwe a mazira, nkhumba yophika, tchizi kapena mtedza zimatha kukhala chithandizo chofulumira, chomwe mungathe kuyenda nanu ngati pakufunika.
Ngati chithandizo cha insulini chikufunika, musachiretse. Mavuto a shuga amatha kukhala ndi shuga wama 6.0 mmol / lita.
Ndikofunika kufufuza momwe mungabayire jakisoni popanda kupweteka ndikuphunzira momwe mungawerengere pawokha mlingo woyenera.
Osakhala aulera kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi tsiku lililonse. Kuti tichite izi, tikulimbikitsidwa kusunga diary yapadera, yomwe imawonetsa zomwe zakudya zinkakhala, kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa omwe adatengedwa, kaya adalowetsa insulin, chikhalidwe cha thupi komanso kupezeka kwa zochitika zolimbitsa thupi kapena kupsinjika.
Njira zoyambira kuchepetsa shuga
Ndi mtundu 2 sd, chithandizo chachikulu ndikusankha masewera olimbitsa thupi omwe mumakonda kuchita tsiku lililonse. Zakudya zochiritsa, zomwe zimaphatikizapo zakudya zoyenera, komanso mankhwala apadera amathandizanso kuchira.
Madokotala nthawi zambiri amalimbikitsa kuthamangira, zomwe zimakuthandizani kuti mumve bwino komanso sizitenga nthawi yambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, njirayi imalola kuti anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lolumikizana azithamanga. Ndikwabwino ngati kuthamangira kungasinthane ndi makalasi olimbitsa thupi. Mutha kusankha masewera mwakufuna kwanu, chinthu chachikulu ndikuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi pafupipafupi komanso mopanda kukopa.
Chithandizo chotere, ndikukhalabe ndi moyo wabwino, monga lamulo, chimakupatsani mwayi popanda kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ndi insulin. Zakudya zoyenera komanso zakudya zochizira zimathandizira kuti shuga ikhale yayitali pamlingo wa 5.3-6.0 mmol / lita ndi kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin wa glycated osapitirira 5.5 peresenti.
Poyerekeza ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi, mankhwalawa amagwiranso ntchito mthupi, koma amakhala ochepa mphamvu komanso osagwira ntchito. Monga lamulo, mankhwala amathandizidwa kwa odwala matenda ashuga omwe sangathe kapena osafuna kusewera masewera.
Kodi insulin imagwiritsidwa ntchito liti?
Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, insulini imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira yomaliza, ngati mankhwala ena osokoneza bongo komanso othandizira samathandizira. Mwa 90 peresenti ya omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2, odwala matenda ashuga amatha kuwongolera okha komanso kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi pogwiritsa ntchito zakudya zoyenera komanso masewera olimbitsa thupi.
Pakadali pano, pali zochitika zina pomwe matendawa akuwonetsa mtundu waukulu wa matendawa, pomwe kapamba sangathe kuthana ndi matenda omwe akusowa ndipo insulin ikayamba.
Pankhaniyi, ngati mahomoni sagwiritsidwa ntchito, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumapitiliridwanso, kuwonjezera, izi zimatha kuyambitsa zovuta zazikulu zomwe zimayambitsa kukula kwa matenda a shuga 1.
Nthawi zambiri pamakhala anthu odwala matenda ashuga m'malo mwa maphunziro akuthupi amasankha jakisoni wa insulin. Komabe, iyi siyoyenera kuchita. Ndizopepuka komanso zamphamvu zomwe zingakhale zothandiza maselo a pancreatic, omwe, atatha kusewera masewera, amayamba kuwona bwino kwambiri insulin, yomwe imakulitsa chidwi cha timadzi tambiri.
Kuphatikiza masewera kumachepetsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa insulini kwa anthu omwe akuyenera kugwiritsa ntchito timadzi tokonzanso shuga. Ndizotheka kuti ngati malamulo onse ndi malingaliro azitsatiridwa, patapita nthawi, jakisoni wa insulini akhoza kuchotsedwa.
Ngati chithandizo chikuchitika pogwiritsa ntchito timadzi tambiri, izi sizitanthauza kuti chakudya chamankhwala chitha. M'malo mwake, chisamaliro chikuyenera kutengedwa kuphatikiza zakudya zamafuta ochepa. Ndikulimbikitsidwanso kuti muchite chilichonse kuti muchepetse kunenepa. Izi sizingothandiza kudya zokha, komanso masewera.
Odwala ena, poopa kuzolowera kugwiritsa ntchito mahomoni, sagwiritsa ntchito insulin mpaka pomaliza. Komabe, ngati palibe chomwe chimathandizira, chithandizo chikuyenera kupitilizidwa ndi insulin mankhwala, mwinanso zovuta monga stroko kapena vuto la mtima ndizotheka.
Komanso, njira yapamwamba yamatendawa imatha kubweretsa kudula kwam'mimba ndi mwendo mu shuga, khungu, komanso kulephera kwa impso.
Chifukwa chake, insulin ikhoza kukhala njira yokhayo yobwezera ngati matendawo awonetsa zovuta za matenda ashuga.
Thanzi lachiwiri la matenda ashuga
Ngati matendawa akuwonetsa kukhalapo kwa mtundu wa 2 sd, ndikofunikira kuyamba yomweyo chithandizo osachedwa. Cholinga chachikulu cha munthu wodwala matenda ashuga ndikuwonetsetsa kuti shuga ndimagazi 4.6 mmol / lita isanachitike, panthawi komanso chakudya.
Izi zitha kuchitika ngati mutakonza chakudya cha tsiku lonse. Kuti mudziwe kuchuluka kwake, panthawi inayake ya tsiku muyenera kudya zakudya zamafuta ochepa, kenako nkutenga miyezo ya magazi ya shuga. Izi ndizomwe zingakwanitse kukula.
Maphikidwewa ayenera kukhala ndi zakudya zopanda mafuta ambiri. Kukula kwa gawo kumayambikanso potengera momwe wodwalayo aliri ndi chakudya komanso momwe glucometer amawonetsera.
Pofuna kuchiza matendawa, wodwalayo ayenera kuchotsa zonse zomwe zimayambitsa mawonekedwe ake ndikuyesetsa kuchita zotsatirazi tsiku lililonse:
- Mwazi wamagazi mkati mwa ola limodzi ndi maola awiri mutatha kudya sayenera kupitirira 5.2-5,5 mmol / lita.
- M'mawa m'mawa, chizindikiro cha glucose chizikhala 5,2-5,5 mmol / lita.
- Glycated hemoglobin ya data iyenera kukhala yochepera 5.5 peresenti. Zoyenera, ngati mulingo wachepera 5.0 peresenti, izi zimapewa kukula kwa zovuta ndi kuyambika kwa kufa koyambirira.
- Ndikofunikira kuyeza magazi m'thupi nthawi zonse ndikukhala abwinobwino. Pankhaniyi, cholesterol yabwino imatha kupitiliza izi.
- Kuthamanga kwa magazi sikuyenera kupitirira 130/85 mm Hg, mavuto oopsa sapezeka.
- Kusungabe mawonekedwe amitsempha yamagazi kumathandizira kupewa chitukuko cha atherosulinosis.
- Makamaka, ndikofunikira kuyesedwa magazi pachiwopsezo cha mtima, chomwe ndichofunikira kwambiri kuposa mayeso a cholesterol.
- Kutsatira malamulo oyambira kumakupatsani mwayi woletsa kuwona.
- Zakudya zochiritsika zimakupatsani mwayi wolepheretsa kukumbukira kukumbukira, komanso, kusintha. Zomwezo zimagwiranso ntchito zamaganizidwe.
- Zomwe zimayambitsa kukula kwa matenda a diabetesic neuropathy, omwe pang'ono ndi pang'ono amawonongeka. Mavuto ngati phazi la matenda ashuga amatha kuchiritsidwa moyenera komanso munthawi yake.
Nthawi zambiri, madokotala amayesetsa kukwaniritsa shuga m'magazi a 5.4-5.9 mmol / lita. Komabe, zowerengera zotere sizotetezeka kwathunthu kwa odwala matenda ashuga, zomwe zimawonjezera chiwopsezo cha matenda a mtima ndi 40%.
Pachifukwa ichi, ndikwabwino ngati chithokomiro chama zakudya chikuthandizidwa ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi, izi zithetsa chizindikiro cha 5.2 mmol / lita.
Matenda osagwirizana ndi insulin omwe amayambitsa ndi zomwe zimayambitsa
Zomwe zimapangitsa kukula kwa matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuchepa kwa chidwi cha maselo kupita ku insulin. Ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba kwambiri, kapamba sangathe kutulutsa timadzi tambiri.
Pa gawo loyambirira la matendawa, kuchuluka kwambiri kwa insulin kumapezeka m'magazi. Komabe, chifukwa chakuchepa kwa chidwi cha maselo, kuchuluka kwa shuga mothandizidwa ndi mahomoni m'thupi la wodwalayo sikuchepa. Monga lamulo, izi zimadzetsa kunenepa kwambiri.
Ndi kukana kwamphamvu kwa insulin m'magazi kumakhala kuchuluka kwa insulin, izi zimapangitsa kuti minofu ya adipose ipangidwe mwachangu. Ndi mafuta ochulukirapo mwanjira ya triglycerides, chidwi cha maselo kupita ku hormone chimachepa.
Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mafuta m'thupi, kuwonjezeka kwapang'onopang'ono kwa ziphuphu kumachitika. Zotsatira zake, maselo a beta sangathe kuthana ndi chinsinsi cha kuchuluka kwa insulin. Pali kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, ma cell a beta akumwalira kwambiri. Zotsatira zake, adotolo amazindikira mtundu wa shuga 2.
Nthawi zambiri, kukana insulini kumachitika chifukwa cha majini, ndiko kuti, kukhalapo kwa makolo.
Zimathandizanso kukhala moyo wongokhala, kudya kwambiri zakudya zamagulu ambiri.
Kusiyana pakati pa mtundu woyamba ndi wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga
Mitundu yonse iwiri yamatendawa imafanana kwambiri, komabe imasiyana. Type 2 shuga mellitus ali ndi padera poti amakula pang'onopang'ono komanso modekha. Ndi matendawa, shuga wamagazi samakwera kwambiri.
Komabe, ngati mulibe chidwi ndi kukhalapo kwa matendawa pakapita nthawi, kuchuluka kwa shuga kumatha kuyambitsa zovuta zonse, chifukwa chomwe kulumala ngakhale kufa kwa wodwalayo kungachitike.
Kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi okhala ndi matenda amtundu wa 2 kumayambitsa kuphwanya kwa mapangidwe a mitsempha, mitsempha yamagazi, mtima, ziwiya, ziwongo, chiwindi ndi ziwalo zina zamkati.
Monga lamulo, ndi mtundu wachiwiri, palibe zizindikiro zowonekeratu za kukhalapo kwa matendawa, chifukwa chake sichidziwika nthawi yomweyo. Wodwala sangadandaule za chilichonse, koma pakapita kanthawi, amatha kupezeka ndi shuga wowonjezera.
Pa gawo loyamba, matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri saopseza kwambiri, ngati matenda a mtundu woyamba. Komabe, chifukwa chosapezeka zizindikilo zoonekeratu, matendawa amatha kuwononga thupi pang'onopang'ono.
Zotsatira zake, wodwala matenda ashuga amakhala ndi vuto la mtima, kulephera kwa impso, khungu, kapena mavuto ena. Mwa akazi, matenda amtundu wa genitourinary amapezeka nthawi zambiri, ndipo mwa amuna, kupezeka kwa chibadwa kumadziwika.
Kodi matendawa amakula bwanji?
Chifukwa cha kukana insulini, kufunikira kwa inulin kumawonjezera, komwe kumayambitsa hyperinsulinemia. Izi zitha kubweretsa zotsatirazi:
- Kuchulukitsa kwa magazi;
- Zowonongeka zamkati mwamitsempha yamagazi;
- Kulimbitsa insulin kukana.
Chifukwa chake, hyperinsulinemia ndi insulin kukana kumalimbitsa mzake, zomwe zimatsogolera ku metabolic syndrome. Izi zimachitika kwa zaka zingapo mpaka ma cell a kapamba atatha mphamvu. Izi zikachitika, wodwala matenda ashuga amawonjezera kwambiri magazi.
Pofuna kupewa kuyambika kwa matenda ovuta kwambiri, ndikofunikira kuyamba chithandizo ndikuchitapo kanthu panthawi yake. M'malo moyamba kulimbikitsa kapamba kuti apange insulini yomwe imawoneka kuti ikusowa, njira zonse ziyenera kuchitidwa kuti chiwonjezere mphamvu ya maselo kupita ku mahomoni.Izi zimathandizidwa ndi mankhwala apadera komanso zakudya zamafuta, komanso malingaliro oyenera!
