Matenda a shuga ndi gulu lamatenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha zinthu zosiyanasiyana, ophatikizidwa ndi matenda a hyperglycemia (kuchuluka kwa shuga) ndi glucosuria (mawonekedwe a shuga mkodzo).
Mu matenda a shuga, kuperewera kwa insulin kumayamba - mtheradi (matenda 1 a shuga) kapena wachibale, pamene insulin imapangidwa mokwanira, koma minofu yake siyigwirizana nayo (chizindikiro cha mtundu 2 shuga).
Njira zopewera matenda ashuga awa zimasiyana.
Zomwe zimayambitsa ndi zizindikiro za matenda a shuga a 2
Malinga ndi ziwerengero, mtundu wachiwiri umakhala 95% ya onse omwe amapezeka ndi matenda a shuga. Kupewa matenda a shuga a 2 kukugwirizana mwachindunji ndi zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa. Mpaka pano, zinthu zotsatirazi zadziwika:
- Kunenepa kwambiri.
- Kudziletsa.
- Kulephera kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi.
- Njira zotupa kapena chotupa mu kapamba.
- Kupsinjika
- Zaka zaka 40.
- Atherosulinosis
- Polycystic ovary syndrome.
- Kuchulukitsa kwa shuga pa nthawi yobereka kapena kubadwa kwa mwana wamkulu wolemera kuposa 4 kg.
Kwa iwo omwe ali pachiwopsezo chokhala ndi thanzi labwino, ndikofunikira kuyesedwa prophylactic pafupifupi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi iliyonse ndi endocrinologist, kuphunzira kagayidwe kazakudya: glucose yofulumira, kuyeserera kwa glucose, kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin.
Izi ndizowona makamaka kwa zizindikiro zomwe zingasonyeze matenda a shuga.
Izi zikuphatikiza zizindikilo za mitundu yonse iwiri ya matenda ashuga:
- Udzu wokhazikika.
- Pakamwa pakamwa.
- Kuchulukitsa chilakolako.
- Kukodza pafupipafupi.
- Kufooka kwamphamvu, kutopa.
- Mutu.
- Zowonongeka.
- Kupendekera, dzanja lamiyendo kapena miyendo.
- Mwendo kukokana.
- Kuyenda mu perineum ndi groin.
- Ziphuphu ndi chizolowezi cha mafangasi.
- Kuchulukitsa thukuta.
Ngati chizindikiro chimodzi kapena zingapo kuchokera pamndandandawu zikuwonekera, ndiye kuti kuwunika mozama ndikofunikira, kuphatikiza kuyesedwa kwa immunological ndi kutsimikiza kwa zovuta za carbohydrate metabolism: kafukufuku C - protein yogwira, kupezeka kwa ma antibodies ku cell pancreatic.
Kusanthula kwatsatanetsatane kwa magazi, mkodzo, komanso kuyesa kwa glucose komanso kutsimikiza kwa glycated hemoglobin kumafunikanso.
Kupewa matenda a shuga a 2
Popeza kunenepa kwambiri ndi komwe kumayambitsa matenda ashuga, kuchepa thupi ndizofunikira kwambiri kupewa matenda. Zimatsimikiziridwa kuti kusintha kwa zakudya kumapereka zotsatira zowoneka pakuchepetsa thupi kusiyana ndi kuwonjezeka kosavuta kwa zochita.
Kuphatikiza apo, pali maphunziro omwe thupi limasamala komwe zopatsa mphamvu zimachokera. Ngati tsiku lililonse mumapitirira muyeso wa shuga ndi 50 g (botolo la theka la khola), ngozi ya matenda a shuga imachulukitsa ka 11.
Chifukwa chake, chinthu chabwino kwambiri chomwe munthu wochokera pagulu lililonse lowopsa angachite kuti akhale ndi thanzi labwino ndi kusiya shuga woyenga ndi zinthu zonse zomwe amalowa.
M'malo mwa shuga, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito udzu wa fructose ndi stevia, womwe, kuwonjezera pa kukoma kwake, umakhala ndi malamulo pa kagayidwe kazachilengedwe.
Zakudya Zopewera Matendawa
Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda a shuga a shuga, kupewa ndi kuchizira kumatengera chakudya chopangidwa moyenera, ndipo zakudya za Pevzner No. 9 zimayikidwa. Itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kukonza zakudya mwa odwala omwe ali pachiwopsezo.
Koma ngati kuwerengetsa kolondola kwa kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamagulu a mankhwala ndi kofunikira kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, ndiye kuti kulemera kwakuthupi komanso kudziwikiratu kwa vuto la metabolic, zidzakhala zokwanira kutsatira malamulo oletsedwa pazinthu zoletsedwa. Kuchokera pazakudya ziyenera kupatula:
- Mkate oyera kuchokera ku premium ufa, zinthu zamtundu wa mkate kuchokera puff kapena pastry.
- Shuga, maswiti, makeke, makeke, makeke, ma waffle.
- Zakudya zazing'ono ndi tchipisi, oyambitsa zonunkhira.
- Zakumwa zoledzeretsa.
- Semolina, mpunga, pasitala.
- Msuzi wazokometsera, ma ketchups, mpiru, mayonesi.
- Zoumba, mphesa, nkhuyu, masiku.
- Zakudya zonse zokhala ndi zakumwa zozizilitsidwa ndi shuga
- Mafuta onenepa, mafuta anyama, nyama zosuta, soseji, bakha, zakudya zamzitini.
- Chakudya chofulumira
- Kuzifutsa, masamba zamzitini.
- Zipatso zamatenda - kupanikizana, ma compotes, jams.
- Mafuta onenepa, osuta komanso zamzitini.
- Kirimu, kirimu wowawasa wowonda, batala, wonyezimira, tchizi otsekemera, ma yogurts, mchere wotsekemera.
- Chepetsani kugwiritsa ntchito mbatata, nthochi.
Payenera kukhala mapuloteni okwanira m'zakudya - mitundu yochepa yamafuta am'madzi ndi nsomba yophika, yoyatsidwa pamadzi, mawonekedwe ophika. Amaloledwa kuphika kuchokera ku nkhuku, nkhuku, kalulu, ng'ombe ndi nyama yamphongo. Nsomba ziyenera kukhala zamafuta ochepa - nsomba za pike, catfish, cod, batala. Ndikofunika kuti mudye nyama ndi nsomba ndi masaladi ochokera masamba atsopano.
Tchizi cha kanyumba tikulimbikitsidwa mpaka mafuta 9%, zakumwa za mkaka wowawasa ndizabwino kuposa zopangidwa kunyumba. Tchizi amaloledwa kukhala ndi mafuta ochepa, ofewa kapena osakhwima.
Zakudya zopatsa thanzi ziyenera kuchokera ku chimanga, zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba, mkate wa chinangwa kapena wakuda. Mphesa zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuphika mbewu monga chimanga ndi casseroles - buckwheat, barele, oatmeal. Mwambiri, mbale zam'mbali za odwala matenda ashuga ndizofala kwambiri.
Mafuta makamaka amachokera ku chomera. Voliyumu yamafuta: osachepera 1.5 malita a madzi oyera akumwa, mbale zoyambirira za nkhomaliro ziyenera kukhala pazosankha. Masamba kapena msuzi wachiwiri msuzi amakonzedwa.
Zokometsera zimatha kuwonjezeredwa zakumwa; mousses, jams, ndi compotes amakonzedwera. Fructose confectionery imatha kudyedwa pang'ono. Popeza kwa anthu onenepa kwambiri sizingathandize kuchepetsa kudya kalori.
Mukamakonza zinthu zophika ndi sosi, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito ufa wonse wamphesa. Kwa mbewu monga chimanga, simuyenera kudya tirigu, koma njere. Ndikofunikira kuwunika momwe matumbo amagwirira ntchito, ndipo, ndi chizolowezi chodzimbidwa, onjezerani mafuta owonda kapena tirigu wam'mphepete ndi zakumwa zozizira mkaka.
Zosankha zazitsanzo za kupewa matenda a shuga ndi kunenepa kwambiri
- Chakudya cham'mawa choyamba: oatmeal mkaka ndi ma prunes, maapulo ndi sinamoni, compote ndi blueberries.
- Zosadya: kanyumba tchizi casserole ndi yogati.
- Chakudya chamadzulo: msuzi wamasamba ndi broccoli, nyemba zazing'ono zobiriwira ndi kaloti, kabichi ndi saladi wa nkhaka, Turkey yophika, phala la buckwheat.
- Zakudya zokhazokha: mkate ndi chinangwa, tchizi 45% mafuta, chicory.
- Chakudya chamadzulo: nsomba zophika ndi tchizi ndi zitsamba, saladi wa tsabola, phwetekere ndi tchizi cha feta, tiyi wobiriwira ndi ma apricots owuma.
- Asanagone: kefir.
Zitsamba zochepetsa shuga zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito popewa matenda ashuga. Pogwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali, zimasintha njira za kagayidwe, zimathandiza kuchepetsa kunenepa komanso kubwezeretsa chidwi cha insulin, makamaka poyambira matenda.
Konzani infusions ndi decoctions a:
- Garcinia.
- Zipatso za Rowan.
- Chipatso cha Blueberry.
- Muzu wa Burdock.
- Muzu wa Elecampane.
- Tsamba la Walnut.
- Ginseng Muzu.
- Chipatso cha Blueberry.
- Zipatso za sitiroberi wamtchire.
- Nyemba Pods.
Zochita pathupi popewa matenda ashuga
Pofuna kupewa kunenepa kwambiri, matenda a kagayidwe kachakudya, ndizofunikira zolimbitsa thupi ndikofunikira.
Kutalika kochepetsera matenda a shuga kumatanthauziridwa - awa ndi mphindi 150 pa sabata. Ikhoza kukhala katundu aliyense wotheka - kuyenda, kusambira, kuvina, yogwiritsa ntchito masewera olimbitsa thupi, kuthamanga.
Komabe, muyenera kudziwa momwe masewera olimbitsa thupi amakhudzira shuga wa magazi.
Ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi mthupi nthawi zonse, zosintha zotsatirazi zimachitika:
- Kagayidwe kazakudya umapangidwa bwino pakukulitsa mphamvu ya insulin.
- Amachepetsa cholesterol yamagazi.
- Kupsinjika kwa magazi kumapangidwanso kwina.
- Kuchuluka kwa thupi kumachepetsedwa.
- Ntchito ya mtima ndi mitsempha yamagazi imasinthidwa.
- Chiwopsezo cha mafupa amachepetsa.
- Kupititsa patsogolo kukumbukira komanso kusangalala.
Mankhwala osokoneza bongo a matenda a shuga 2
Mu metabolic syndrome, kunenepa kwambiri kumafotokozedwa m'mimba, pali zizindikiro za kuchepa mphamvu kwa insulin malinga ndi kusanthula, glucose ali pamwambamwamba kwambiri mwazonse, pali insulin yambiri m'magazi. Odwala oterewa amavutika kuwona chakudya chifukwa chamadya kwambiri.
Mwa gulu ili la odwala, mankhwala ndi omwe amaperekedwa:
- Ascarbose (Glucobai), amene amalepheretsa kulumpha mu shuga wa magazi osala kudya. Shuga wochokera m'matumbo samayamwa, koma amachotsedwa m'thupi. Mukamamwa mankhwalawa, kuchuluka kwa glucose kumachepa, kunenepa kwambiri kwamthupi, ndipo chiwopsezo cha matenda a shuga chimachepa. Kuphatikiza apo, ndi chakudya chamafuta ambiri, chakudya chotupa komanso m'mimba chimayamba kusokoneza, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti odwala azitsatira zakudya.
- Xenical imakhudzanso mafuta. Mafuta alibe nthawi yoti amidwe m'matumbo ndipo amachotsedwa. Izi zimathandiza kuchepetsa kunenepa kwambiri.
- Metformin, yomwe pamaso pa prediabetes imatha kubwezeretsa kagayidwe kazakudya.
Lemberani matenda amtundu wa shuga 1 mwa akulu
Makina a kupezeka kwa shuga omwe amadalira insulin ndi osiyana kwambiri, chifukwa, kupewa mtundu wa 1 shuga, kudya komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi sikokwanira. Chomwe chikuyambitsa matendawa ndikupanga ma antibodies kuma cell a pancreatic. Cholinga cha izi ndi chibadwa chamtundu komanso matenda.
Matenda a virus omwe angayambitse matenda ashuga amaphatikizapo:
- Congenital rubella.
- Mapampu.
- Mliri wa chiwindi.
Kuthana ndi kutupa kwa autoimmune kwa zisumbu za Langerhans mu kapamba (insulin), mankhwala othana ndi chitetezo chokwanira - cyclosporine amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ndi chithandizo choyambirira, mankhwalawa amachedwetsa kukula kwa matenda osokoneza bongo ndipo amatha kuchedwitsanso mawonekedwe ake kwa nthawi yayitali.
Zotsatira zabwino kwambiri zimapezeka m'magawo oyamba a matendawa.
Kupewa kwa matenda a shuga 1 amtundu wa ana
Popeza chiwonetsero cha matenda a shuga chimachitika kawirikawiri mwa ana, m'mabanja omwe makolo ali ndi matenda a shuga, ndikofunikira kuchita mayeso ozindikira ndi kuchuluka kwa glucose, kuyesedwa kwa ma antibodies kwa kapamba. Matenda opatsirana ndi owopsa makamaka kwa ana otere.
Ngati ma antibodies apezeka, kukonzanso kumachitika, mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito:
- Immunostimulants.
- Interferon
- Insulin
- Nikotinamide.
Gulu lachiwiri la ana omwe ali pachiwopsezo cha matenda a shuga ndi omwe amamuyamwitsidwa chibadwire. Mapuloteni ochokera mkaka wa ng'ombe ndi ofanana ndi mapuloteni am'maselo a pancreatic. Maselo a chitetezo chamthupi amazindikira kuti kapamba wawo ndi wachilendo ndipo amamuwononga. Chifukwa chake, kwa ana otere m'miyezi yoyambirira ya moyo mkaka wa m'mawere ndi womwe umawonetsedwa. Kanemayo munkhaniyi apitiliza mutu wa kupewa matenda ashuga.
