Gawo lofunikira la mankhwala a shuga ndikudya. Kuwongolera chakudya, shuga ndi kukula kwamagawo kumathandizira kusintha momwe zinthu ziliri komanso kuchepetsa kunenepa kwambiri.
Matenda a shuga ndi matenda oopsa kwambiri komanso ofala kwambiri a endocrine. Aliyense amene wapatsidwa matendawa amadziwa za kufunikira kwake kudya zakudya zapadera. M'malo mwake,Zakudya za shuga - Ichi ndiye chithandizo chachikulu chomwe chimawongolera zinthu zonse.
Chakudya choyambirira
Chifukwa cha kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi, chidwi cha maselo kupita ku insulin amatha kuchepa musanazindikiridwe. Zotsatira zake, pali kuwonjezeka kwa shuga m'magazi popanda kuneneratu kuchepa kwake. CholingaZakudya za shuga lili ndi kubwerera m'maselowa kuthekera kopanga shuga.
Malangizo onse pa kudya ndi matenda ashuga, khalani ndi mawonekedwe awa:
- Zakudya zama calorie;
- Mtengo wamagetsi ndi wofanana ndi mtengo weniweni wamagetsi;
- Kudya magawo ang'ono, koma pafupipafupi;
- Chakudya champhamvu yomweyo mphamvu;
- Kuchuluka kwa zakudya zamafuta kumagwera kadzutsa woyamba ndi wachiwiri;
- Kudya nthawi yomweyo, zomwe zimathandizira kugaya chakudya m'mimba;
- Gwiritsani ntchito zotsekemera;
- Patani zokonda zokhala ndi mafuta azakudya zamafuta (yogati, mtedza);
- Zakudya zosiyanasiyanazakudya kwa odwala matenda ashugaPopanda kuwonetsa zazinthu zilizonse;
- Kudya zakudya za shuga pokhapokha chakudya chachikulu;
- Kuwongolera okhazikika kwa chakudya chamagetsi komanso zovuta;
- Kuchepetsa mafuta a nyama;
- Kumwa pafupipafupi zipatso, zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba, makamakandi matenda a shuga a 2 komanso kunenepa kwambiri;
- Kukana mchere;
- Chepetsani kumwa kamodzi pa tsiku.
Mlozera wa Glycemic: ndi chiyani ndipo ndichifukwa chiyani chikufunika?
Glycemic index (GI) ndizowonetsera zomwe zimawonetsa kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zingabwere zomwe zingayambitse kukula kwa shuga. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuganizira za GI mukamajambulamenyu wokhala ndi matenda a shuga a 2.
Zogulitsa zilizonse zimakhala ndi GI yake. Kukwera kwake kwamphamvu, kuthamanga kwa shuga m'magazi kumakwera pambuyo pakugwiritsa ntchito. Zogulitsa zonse, kutengera mndandanda uwu, zimagawika m'magulu atatu:
- Ndi GI yayikulu (kuchokera 70 mayunitsi);
- Ndi GI wamba (mayunitsi 41-70);
- GI yotsika (mpaka 40 mayunitsi).
Zosankha zamagulu ashuga ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa ndizokonda zamalonda ocheperako komanso ochepera pafupipafupi ndi avareji. Kupatulako ndi zakudya zapamwamba za GI zomwe zimathandizira pakuwonetsa izi. Dokotala wopezekapo ayenera kudziwa za momwe amaphatikizidwira muzakudya.
Kodi gawo la mkate ndi chiyani?
Zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi chakudya chamagulu amasiyana m'magawo a calorie, kapangidwe kake, komanso katundu wawo. Kuti mudziwe magawo awa, pali mtengo wofunikira - mkate unit (XE) womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati anthu odwala matenda ashuga.
Mosasamala kanthu za malonda, mkate umodzi umatanthawuza 12 mpaka 15 g wa michere yamagetsi. Kumwa kwake kumawonjezera kuchuluka kwa shuga ndi 2.8 mmol / l ndi kufunika kudya magawo awiri a insulin.
Chipangizochi chinapangidwa ndi akatswiri azakudya makamaka chifukwa cha anthu omwe amafunikira insulin. Palibe kuwerengera komanso kulakwitsa kwinaZakudya atmatenda ashuga, odwala akhoza kukhala ndi hypo- ndi hyperglycemia.
Kwa tsiku, munthu ayenera kudya pafupifupi 19-24 XE. Ndalamayi imagawiridwa zakudya zoposa 5-6, kuphatikizapo tiyi wamasana. Kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamagulu ambiri kumayenera kukhala m'magawo oyamba. Mwachitsanzo, 1 XE ikhoza kuyimiriridwa ndi 0,5 kapu ya buckwheat kapena oatmeal, apulo imodzi, 25 g mkate.
Zakudya Zamatenda a Type 1 shuga
Popeza mtundu 1 umadalira insulini, chithandizo chake chimaphatikizapo kusankha molondola kwa insulin. Cholinga chachikulu ndikuphatikizidwa bwino kwa mankhwala ndi apaderaZakudya kwa odwala matenda a shuga. Kuphatikizikako kumachepetsa chiopsezo cha kudumpha mu shuga m'magazi ndi zovuta zina zotsatirazi. Ndi zakudya ziti zomwe zimatha kudyedwa, ndipo zochuluka motani ziyenera kutsimikiziridwa ndi dokotala, chifukwa mtundu wamatendawa ndi wowopsa.
Pakuwerengera kwakuthupi kuchuluka kwa zakudya zomwe zimamwa ndi kuchuluka kwa mphamvu yake, gawo lazakudya limagwiritsidwa ntchito. Pokhapokha kulemera mopitirira muyeso komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osankhidwa bwino, cholinga chake ndikuwonetsetsa kuchuluka kwa chakudya cham'magazi komanso kuwongolera kwake.
Malangizo akulu pakutsimikiza chakudyacho ndi:
- Kuwerengera ndendende kwa XE pamtundu uliwonse, koma osapitirira magawo 8;
- Kuwerengera Mlingo wa insulin pa gawo lililonse la zakudya;
- Kukana kwathunthu zakumwa za shuga, kuphatikizapo misuzi, koloko, tiyi wokoma ndi zina zambiri.
Zakudya Zamatenda a Type 2 shuga
Chifukwa chofala kwambiri chomwe chimapangitsa kuti matenda amtunduwu abwere kwambiri. Ndiye chifukwa chakemtundu wa 2 matenda a shuga imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri ndipo ikufuna kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa kunenepa. Kuwongolera chidwi cha insulin m'maselo kungathandize chakudya choyenera chophatikizidwa ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse.
Nthawi zambiri, amadya a mtundu 2 odwala matenda ashuga onenepa kwambiri wopangidwa ndi endocrinologist woganizira za zomwe munthu ndi zomwe wodwala ali nazo. Zinthu zambiri zimatengedwa, kuphatikizapo kulemera, ntchito za anthu, zaka, kupezeka kwa matenda osachiritsika, ndi zina zambiri.
Chofunikira pa calorie pa 1 makilogalamu yakulemera kwa thupi ndi:
- Akazi - 20 kcal;
- Amuna - 25 kcal.
Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga sichikhazikika, chifukwa chake imanthauza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zokoma komanso nthawi yomweyo zopatsa thanzi. Nthawi yomweyo, kudya zakudya zopatsa mphamvu zambiri kumakhala kochepa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti munthu azidumphadumpha.
Chakudya Cholimbikitsidwa
Pangani zakudya zanumtundu 2 shuga kugwiritsa ntchito izi:
- Monga chakudya choyamba, nsomba yokhazikika pang'ono, nyama kapena msuzi wamasamba ndizoyenera. Kuti mupeze, madzi oyamba amathiridwa, kenako ndi pomwe amakonza mbale. Msuzi wa Borsch kapena nyama amathanso kudyedwa kamodzi pa sabata.
- Pa chakudya chachiwiri, mitundu yazakudya (nyama yam'madzi, turkey, zinziri ndi zina), komanso nsomba zamafuta ochepa (pike, hake, pollock ndi ena) zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
- Kuchokera pazinthu zamkaka, ndikofunikira kupereka zokonda za mkaka wophika, kefir, tchizi chanyumba ndi yogurt yamafuta ochepa.
- Zosankha zamatenda a shuga Itha kuphatikiza mazira a nkhuku kuchuluka kosaposa 5 pasabata. Nthawi yomweyo, kugwiritsa ntchito yolks kumachepetsedwa bwino.
- Oat, barele la pearl kapena phala la buckwheat saloledwa kuti ligwiritsidwe ntchito osaposa kamodzi patsiku.
- Chofunikira kwa gululizakudya zabwino za anthu odwala matenda ashuga Mitundu yonse ya 1 ndi 2 ndi yogwiritsa ntchito masamba ophika zipatso: mitundu yonse ya kabichi, nandolo, nyemba ndi nyemba zina, tomato, nkhaka, amadyera ndi zina zambiri.
- Masamba okhala ndi shuga wambiri ndi wowuma (beets, mbatata, kaloti) amathanso kudyedwa m'masiku atatu.
- Zipatso ndi zipatso zosankhidwa bwino zimakhala ndi vitamini C (cranberries, currants, malalanje);
- Gawo la chakudya cha tsiku ndi tsiku ndi zinthu za ufa siziyenera kupitirira 300 g.
- Monga zakudya, maswiti apadera okhala ndi shuga, komanso ma cookies a biscuit, angagwiritsidwe ntchito.
- Mwa zakumwa, msuzi wa phwetekere, mchere wopanda mchere, mafuta msuzi, mkaka ndi tiyi wofowoka wopanda mphamvu amakhala woyenera.
Katundu Woletsedwa
Palinsocholetsa zakudya za shuga. Izi zikuphatikiza:
- Shuga, zophika buledi za premium ndi 1 grade ufa;
- Maswiti, kuphatikiza kupanikizana, muffin, ayisikilimu;
- Macaroni
- Mpunga ndi semolina phala;
- Dzungu, chimanga ndi sikwashi;
- Nthochi, mavwende ndi zipatso zina zokhala ndi shuga ndi wowuma;
- Mafuta a nyama, makamaka ng'ombe ndi mutton;
- Osamadya ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri makeke okhathamira okometsera, mafuta onunkhira ndi kuwonda, ma curd misa ndi zinthu zina.
- Zakudya zokometsera zambiri;
- Zakumwa zilizonse zakumwa zoledzeretsa.
Zosintha zamasabata sabata
Kupatulazomwe simungadye ndi shuga ndipo, podziwa zamagulu opatsa thanzi, mutha kuyerekezerazosankha za tsiku ndi tsiku za mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga ndi maphikidwe.
Lolemba
- Kadzutsa koyamba: 70 g ya kaloti grated, 5 g ya plums. mafuta, 200 g otentha oatmeal, tiyi;
- Chakudya cham'mawa chachiwiri: apulo kapena lalanje, tiyi;
- Chakudya chamasana: 250 g ya borsch yotsika, 100 g ya saladi mwatsopano masamba, 70 g a masamba ophika kapena mphodza, mkate;
- Zovuta: 1 lalanje lalifupi, tiyi;
- Chakudya chamadzulo choyamba: ma 150 g casseroles a kashi otsika mafuta kapena tchizi, 70 g ya nandolo wobiriwira, tiyi;
- Chakudya chachiwiri: kefir.
Lachiwiri
- Kudya koyamba: 70 g ya kaloti wowotchera ndi apulo, 50 g wa nsomba zothimbidwa kapena makeke amtundu wa nsomba, chidutswa cha mkate, tiyi;
- Chakudya cham'mawa chachiwiri: 100 g mphodza kapena saladi wa masamba, tiyi;
- Chakudya chamasana: 250 g msuzi wowonda, 70 g yophika nyama yankhuku, 1 apulo kapena lalanje, kagawo ka mkate, compote;
- Zosadya: 100 g cheesecakes kapena casseroles, kapu ya decoction ya zouma rosehip zipatso;
- Chakudya chamadzulo choyamba: 15 magamu otentha, 1 dzira limodzi la nkhuku, kagawo ka buledi;
- Chakudya chachiwiri: kapu ya kefir.
Lachitatu
- Chakudya cham'mawa choyamba: 150 g ya tchizi chowiritsa, 150 g kanyumba tchizi, tiyi;
- Chakudya cham'mawa chachiwiri: zipatso zambiri zouma;
- Chakudya chamasana: 250 g ya masamba owiritsa, 75 g yophika nyama, 100 g kabichi yophika, compote;
- Zosakhazikika: apulo imodzi imodzi;
- Chakudya chamadzulo choyamba: 150 g ya masamba ophika, 100 g a masamba, mkate, decoction yamtchire yamtchire;
- Chakudya chachiwiri: 250 ml ya yogurt yamafuta ochepa.
Lachinayi
- Choyamba kadzutsa: 150 g a mpunga wowiritsa ndi 70 g ya beets, 50 g ya tchizi, khofi wofooka;
- Chakudya chamasana: 1 mphesa yapakatikati;
- Chakudya chamadzulo: 250 g ya msuzi wa nsomba, 150 g yophika nyama, 70 g ya caviar ochokera ku zukini, mkate, madzi;
- Zakudya zokhwasula: 100 g shredred kabichi, tiyi wopanda mafuta;
- Chakudya choyamba: 170 g ya saladi wa masamba, 150 g wa buwheat wowiritsa, chidutswa cha mkate, tiyi wopanda shuga;
- Chakudya chachiwiri: 250 g mkaka.
Lachisanu
- Chakudya cham'mawa choyamba: kabichi chosakanizidwa ndi 150 g ndi mandimu, tchizi cha 100 g kanyumba, mkate, tiyi kapena chakumwa cha khofi;
- Chakudya cham'mawa chachiwiri: 1 apulo wamba, zipatso zouma Uzvar;
- Chakudya chamasana: 200 g a msuzi wowonda, 150 g wa goulash, 50 g wa masamba ophika, mkate, zipatso;
- Zosakhazikika: 100 g zipatso zatsopano kapena zakudya kuchokera kwa iwo, tiyi;
- Chakudya chamadzulo choyamba: 150 g ya nsomba zophika, 150 g ya chimanga chokhala ndi mkaka, mkate, tiyi;
- Chakudya chachiwiri: 250 ml ya kefir.
Loweruka
- Chakudya cham'mawa choyamba: 250 g ya oatmeal yophika mkaka, 70 g ya kaloti grated, chidutswa cha mkate, tiyi;
- Chakudya chamadzulo: 100 g ya zipatso zatsopano, ndimu yodzimanga;
- Chakudya chamadzulo: 200 g ya masamba kapena msuzi wa nyama, 150 g ya chiwindi chophika, 50 g wa phala la mpunga, chidutswa cha mkate, kapu ya compote;
- Zosadya: 1 zipatso zosapsa, tiyi;
- Chakudya choyamba: 200 g ya phala la barele, 70 g ya caviar kuchokera ku zukini, kagawo ka mkate, tiyi;
- Chakudya chachiwiri: kapu ya kefir yamafuta ochepa.
Chiwukitsiro
- Chakudya cham'mawa choyamba: 250 g ya Buckwheat yophika, 70 g ya beets, 50 g tchizi, mkate, tiyi;
- Chakudya cham'mawa chachiwiri: 1 apulo, madzi;
- Chakudya chamasana: 250 g ya msuzi wa nyemba, 150 g ya pilaf ya nkhuku, 70 g wa masamba ophikaphika, kagawo ka mkate, chakumwa cha cranberry;
- Zosakhazikika: lalanje imodzi yapakatikati, tiyi wopanda mafuta;
- Chakudya chamadzulo choyamba: 200 g ya dzungu lowiritsa, 100 g wa cutlets ophwa ndi masamba masamba, mkate, zipatso;
- Chakudya chachiwiri: kapu ya kefir.
Zakudya: tebulo nambala 9
Zakudya nambala 9 zimanyezimiritsachoti ndidye ndi shuga1 ndi Mitundu iwiri. Adapangira za matenda amtunduwu ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pachipatala komanso kunyumba.
M'masiku a Soviet, wasayansi M. Pevzner adatsimikiza kutimankhwala a shuga zitha kudyedwa komanso zochuluka motani. Zakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku sizikhala zapamwamba kuposa izi:
- 300 g zipatso;
- 250 ml ya madzi owira kumene;
- 100 g bowa;
- 0,5 l wa kefir wotsika mafuta;
- 90 g zamasamba;
- 300 g nyama yazakudya, nsomba;
- 200 g wa kanyumba tchizi;
- 200 g ya phala kapena mbatata yomweyo;
- 150 g mkate.
Komanso, chakudya No. 9 amafotokozachoti ndidye ndi shuga za mbale:
- Maphunziro oyamba: supu yopendekera ndi borsch, msuzi wa kabichi, okroshka, msuzi wa beetroot, msuzi wa bowa, msuzi ndi nyama kapena nsomba;
- Nsomba: yophika, yophika kapena ya nsomba yamafuta ochepa am'madzi ndi nsomba zam'nyanja (nsomba zamkati, hake, pike);
- Nyama: minced, stewed kapena yophika nyama ya nkhuku, nkhuku, zinziri, kalulu kapena nyama yamwana wamchere;
- Zosakhazikika: hering'i amchere, mchere wa nsomba kapena nyama, tchizi wopanda mafuta ambiri, vinaigrette, saladi zamasamba ndi caviar;
- Kuchokera ku mazira: monga gawo lofunikira la mbale, ma omele ochokera ku mapuloteni, mazira ophika;
- Maswiti: zakudya odzola, kupanikizana, mchere wamafuta, mousse, marmalade;
- Zakumwa: Khofi wosapsa kapena tiyi wofooka wopanda mphamvu, chosiririka cha m'chiuno cha rose, mchere wopanda madzi.
Mukamadya, ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti osati matenda ashuga kudya zakudya ndi zakumwa ndi shuga wowonjezera.
Ndi njira yodziwira bwino komanso kudziwa zomwe zingatheke komansozomwe simungadye ndi shuga, pali kuchepa kwambiri kwa thupi komanso kuwongolera kwakukulu kwa wodwalayo. Kuphatikiza zakudya zopatsa thanzi komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi moyenera kumathandizanso kukulitsa matendawa.
