Tsoka ilo, anthu ambiri amadzidziwira okha matendawa monga atherosulinosis.
Atherosulinosis ndi matenda osachiritsika omwe amadziwika ndi kuchuluka kwa lipids m'mitsempha yamagazi, makamaka mitsempha. Izi zimapangitsa kuti mapangidwe a cholesterol azindikire mu lumen ya ziwiya, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magazi asamayende bwino chifukwa chakuchepa kwa lumen ya minyewa.
Komanso ma cholesterol amana ndi owopsa chifukwa thrombi amatha kupanga pamaziko awo. Kutambasulira kwa thrombotic kumatha kupanikizika ndi zochitika monga myocardial infarction, stroke, and "intermittent claudication" syndrome.
Zoyambitsa Atherosulinosis
Pakadali pano palibe zifukwa zokhazikika zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a atherosulinosis.
Pali zinthu zowopsa zomwe zimaposa 80% yamilandu yomwe imayambitsa matenda omwe tatchulawa.
Pali magulu atatu a zoopsa - zosasinthika, zomwe zimasinthika nthawi zonse ndi atherosulinosis, zomwe zingasinthe kapena zina zisinthe, ndi zina.
Zina zomwe sizingasinthike zikuphatikizapo izi:
- Okalamba ndi ukalamba, ndiye kuti, wamkulu kuposa zaka makumi anayi;
- cholowa cham'tsogolo - ngati wachibale ali ndi vuto la mafuta a cholesterol, ndiye kuti matendawa sangadutse;
- atherosulinosis imayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi amuna kuposa akazi, pafupifupi amadwala zaka 10 zapitazo;
- kusuta kosalekeza komanso kwanthawi yayitali, komwe pang'onopang'ono kumawononga mapangidwe amitsempha m'njira zosiyanasiyana, kukulitsa kupezeka kwake kwa zinthu za lipid zachilengedwe, makamaka cholesterol;
- matenda oopsa - kuthamanga kwa magazi;
- onenepa kwambiri ndi, mulimonse, mafuta ochulukirapo m'thupi.
Zowopsa zomwe zitha kusintha ndi:
- Magazi ambiri a cholesterol, lipids ndi triglycerides m'magazi.
- Matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba komanso wachiwiri, womwe kulemera kwakukulu kumachitika, chifukwa cha kukana komwe kumayamba, ndiko kuti, chitetezo cha minofu komanso insulin, komanso kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi (hyperglycemia).
- Mitundu yotsika kwambiri ya lipoproteins yapamwamba kwambiri, yomwe imalumikizidwa ndi "zabwino", osati atstergenic cholesterol.
- Bungwe lotchedwa metabolic syndrome, lomwe limadziwika ndi matenda am'mimba, ndiye kuti, kuchuluka kwa mafuta m'mimba, kulekerera kwa glucose, ndiko kuti, kuchuluka kwake kosagwirizana, kuchuluka kwa magazi a triglycerides ndi matenda oopsa, i.e. nthawi zonse kumakweza magazi.
Palinso gulu lachitatu lazinthu zowopsa - amatchedwa ena. Izi zikuphatikiza kukhala ndi moyo wongokhala, dzina lina lomwe silichita masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso losasangalatsa;
Gulu lachitatu lilinso ndi mowa.
Limagwirira a atherosulinosis
Choyambitsa chachikulu cha matendawa ndi cholesterol yayikulu yamagazi.
Cholesterol ndi chinthu chachilengedwe chomwe chimapangidwa ndi maselo amthupi lathu, ndipo nthawi zambiri chimachokera kunja ndi chakudya.
Dzinalo lina, kapena, lolondola kwambiri - cholesterol. Mawu akuti -ol m'chinenedwe cha mankhwala amatanthauza kuti cholesterol ndi mowa, ndipo, chofunikira, sungunuka, kapena lipophilic.
Mwaulere mawonekedwe, sizipezeka m'thupi. Pafupifupi nthawi zonse, amakhala womangika ndi maopoprotein, kapena mapuloteni onyamula.
Mapuloteni amatchedwanso mapuloteni.
Momwemo, kuphatikiza kwa cholesterol ndi mapuloteni amatchedwa lipoproteins.
Gawani:
- High density lipoproteins - chidule ngati HDL. Dzina lawo lachiwiri ndi alpha lipoproteins. Ma cholesterol omwe ali m'gulu lawo amatchedwa "zabwino." Sizimathandizira pakuyika zikwangwani mu khoma la chotengera, koma zimagwira ntchito zofunikira zokha.
- Lipoproteins ochepa - osachedwa ngati LDL, kapena beta-lipoproteins. Cholesterol yomwe imalumikizana nawo imatchedwa "yoyipa." Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri, chifukwa ndi mtundu wa cholesterol womwe umakhudzidwa mwachindunji pakupanga zolembera za atherosselotic ndipo zimapangitsa odwala kufunsa funso: kodi cholesterol yoyipa ndiyotani ndikuthana nayo?
- Lipoproteins otsika kwambiri - LDL kapena pre-beta lipoproteins. Ntchito zawo zimakhala zofanana ndi ma lipoproteins otsika.
- Ma Chylomicrons - ndi omwe amasamalira mafuta achilengedwe aulere, kupereka chokwanira chokwanira m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono.
Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mafuta m'thupi, komanso makamaka ma lipoproteins otsika kwambiri m'magazi, pang'onopang'ono amayamba kudziunjikira m'thupi. Malo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi makoma amitsempha .. Poyamba, pamakhala kuwonongeka pang'ono kwa khoma lamitsempha, komwe kumapangitsa kuti mawonekedwe a khoma la mtima alowe. Izi ndizabwino kuti kulowa kwa cholesterol kulowa khomali. Pambuyo polowa mu khoma la mtima, maselo otchedwa monocytes amakopeka nthawi yomweyo kuti aziganizira za tsogolo lanu lotupa. Patsamba, amasintha kukhala maselo akuluakulu otchedwa macrophages. M'macrophages awa, ma cholesterol esters amapitilizidwa kuikidwa ndi mitundu yotchedwa foamy cell. Ma macrophages amakhalanso ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimapangitsa kuti minofu yolumikizana, ikhale yovuta chifukwa mafupa amtundu wa atherosulin.
Zoyambirira, kapena zachikasu zolembera zimayamba. Zimapezeka pamphepete mwa zombozo ndipo sizipezeka mwanjira iliyonse.
Kuphatikiza apo, ndi kuphatikiza kwa minofu yolumikizirana, mapangidwe am'mapapo am'mimba amapangika omwe amakhala kuzungulira kuzungulira kwa minyewa ya m'mimba ndikusokoneza kayendedwe kamagetsi, ndikuchepetsa ndi 75 peresenti kapena kupitirira apo.
Zizindikiro zamatenda a atherosulinosis
Kuwonetsedwa kwa atherosulinosis pafupifupi kumakhala kofanana mu onse odwala. Koma iwo, choyambirira, amadalira kutengera kwachilengedwe. Amadziwika kuti nthawi zambiri atherosulinosis imakhudza mitsempha, kapena mitsempha ya m'magazi, yomwe imakhala ndimagazi okhala ndi mpweya m'misempha ya mtima. Akakhudzidwa, matenda a mtima (CHD) amakula. Zotsatira zake, myocardium simulandila magazi ochepa mokwanira, omwe amawonetsedwa ndi kupweteka kwa chifuwa - angina pectoris.
Kuphatikiza pa zowawa, munthu nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mantha, mantha oopa kufa komanso kupuma movutikira. Ndi chifukwa cha izi kuti angina pectoris amatchedwanso angina pectoris. Kupendekera kwapang'onopang'ono kwa lumen kwa mitsempha ya coronary popanda chithandizo choyenera kumatha kubweretsa necrosis, ndiko kuti, kufa kwa minofu yamtima - kuti myocardial infarction.
Mitsempha yam'munsi yachiwiri imakhala yachiwiri pafupipafupi kuchokera ku atherosulinosis. Izi zikuwonetsedwa ndi chikhalidwe cha "interlaintla claudication." Ndi matendawa, wodwalayo nthawi zambiri amakakamizidwa kuti ayime ngakhale atathamanga pang'ono komanso pamayendedwe osafunikira, chifukwa amamva kupweteka kwambiri m'misempha ndi kumapazi, kumva kovuta komanso kumva kudontha. Khungu la miyendo limakhala lotuwa, kuzizira kukhudza, kukhudza sikumveka konse.
Popita nthawi, matendawa amapezeka m'munsi m'miyendo amasokoneza kukula kwa tsitsi, zilonda zam'mimba zosachiritsika zitha kuwoneka chifukwa cha kuthamanga kwa magazi, khungu limakhala louma, lotha kusintha, komanso mawonekedwe amisomali. Kutupa kwa ziwiya pamiyendo sikumatsimikizika.
Kuwonongeka kwa ziwiya zaubongo, kapena ziwiya zamkati, ndizofala kwambiri. Ndi chithokomiro cha ubongo, pali chizindikiro cholembedwa bwino cha Ribot: wodwalayo sadzatha kuyankha funso la zomwe zidachitika theka la ola kapitalo kapena dzulo, koma adzanena mosangalala zonse zomwe zachitika zaka khumi zapitazo. Komanso, kuwoneka kwa mutu, kuwonongeka kwa ubongo waluntha, kusinthasintha kwa mtima, kupweteka kwa mitsempha, komanso kusokonezeka kwa malingaliro sizimaletsedwa.
Atherosclerosis ya ziwiya zam'mimba zam'mimba ndizochepa, komabe. Pankhaniyi, pali vuto logaya chakudya m'mimba mwanjira yodzimbidwa kapena kupweteka m'mimba, kupweteka koyaka m'mimba, kubisalira katulutsidwe ka timadzi ta mmimba ndi michere.
Ndi atherosulinosis ya mitsempha ya impso, choyambirira, odwala amasokonezeka ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi, omwe samayankha chithandizo ndi mankhwala.
Pangakhalenso zopweteka zazing'ono zam'mbuyo.
Kulimbana ndi atherosulinosis ndi njira yayitali kwambiri, yovuta, komanso yotenga nthawi.
Chithandizo chimafuna kudekha mtima kwa wodwalayo ndikutsatira malangizo onse a dokotala.
Mutha kuthana ndi cholesterol "yoyipa" ngati mumatsatira zina zazikulu zamankhwala.
Zofunikira izi ndi:
- chakudya
- kumwa mankhwala;
- masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse;
- ngati mukufuna - kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala achikhalidwe, omwe angathe kukonzekera mokha kunyumba;
- Mavuto akachitika kapena ngati akuthamanga, amalimbikitsidwa ndi opereshoni.
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi ndikuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta, nyama yokazinga, kusuta, zakudya zopezeka m'mafuta a nyama, zakudya za nyama, kolifulawa, tiyi ndi khofi, komanso zopangira chokoleti. M'malo mwake, muyenera kudya nsomba zambiri, nsomba zam'madzi, nkhuku zochepa zamafuta, mafuta a masamba, mkate wa chinangwa, zitsamba, zipatso zatsopano ndi masamba, nyemba, zipatso, nsomba zam'madzi, mtedza, zipatso za zipatso.
Kumwa mankhwala ndikofunikira. Mankhwala a anti-atherosulinotic amaphatikizapo magulu a mankhwala monga:
- Statin - ndizofala kwambiri. Awa ndi mankhwala monga Atorvastatin, Lovastatin, Rosuvastatin. Amathandizira kuchepetsa cholesterol, makamaka yotsika komanso yotsika kwambiri ya lipoprotein, amachepetsa ntchito yotupa pamalo omwe amapezeka, ndikuthandizira kukhazikika kwa zigawo.
- Ma Figrate ndi mankhwala omwe amatchedwa Fenofibrate, Bezafibrat. Amathandizira kuthana ndi ma triglycerides okwera.
- Anion-exchange sequestrants - mankhwala a Cholestyramine.
- Kukonzekera kwa Nicotinic acid - Nikotinamide.
Mankhwala onse odana ndi atherosclerotic ayenera kumwedwa piritsi limodzi usiku, chifukwa ndi usiku womwe chochuluka cha cholesterol chimapangidwa m'thupi lathu.
Zithandizo za anthu zimathandizanso kwambiri pakulimbana ndi matenda a matenda a mtima. Zitsamba zosiyanasiyana zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, decoction yochokera kuzunguzikulu za Caucasian discora, kulowetsedwa kuchokera ku Golden Mustache, mtengo wa licorice, kulowetsedwa kochokera ku maluwa a hawthorn kumathandiza bwino. Ndemanga zambiri zabwino za mbewu za fulakesi. Mutha kuyesa kutenga phula, muzu wa valerian, nthula.
Mankhwala othandizira opaleshoni amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti achepetse zotupa za mtima ndi 60 peresenti. Opaleshoni iyi imatchedwa stenting, ndipo imakhala ndikuyambitsa balloon (stent) wapadera mu chombo, chomwe chimatupa, potukula kuwunikira kwa thambo ndi kukanikiza zolembera zamtundu wa atherosclerotic, kuchepetsa kuchepa kwake. Ngati zotupa zingapo zam'mimba, kupindika kwa mitsempha yodutsa kumalumikizidwa - izi zimapangitsa kuti magazi azithamanga. "Chotengera chowonjezera" chimapangidwa, chomwe chimapangidwa kuchokera patsamba lotengedwa kuchokera ku mitsempha yachikazi kapena mtsempha.
Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuyang'anira cholesterol yamagazi pafupipafupi. Makhalidwe ake abwinobwino amachokera pa 2.8 mpaka 5.2 mmol / L.
Njira zochepetsera milingo ya LDL zakambidwa mu kanema munkhaniyi.
