Mapiritsi a shuga amawayikidwa ngati sikutheka kubwezeretsa chithunzi cha matendawa ndikudya kosinthika ndikuchita zolimbitsa thupi mokhazikika. Mankhwala omwe akupangidwira cholinga chake ndikuchotsa chithunzi cha matendawa, kupewa kukula kwa zovuta komanso kupangitsa kuti kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.
Gulu la mapiritsi a shuga
Maziko othandizira odwala matenda ashuga ndiosintha kwambiri m'moyo. Zakudya zochepetsa thupi komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi pafupipafupi. Ngati kuchepa thupi komanso masewera osakwanira, chithandizo chamankhwala chimayikidwa.
Mapiritsi a shuga amawayikidwa ngati sikotheka kubwezeretsa chithunzi cha matenda.
Nthawi zambiri, mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga amafunika njira yolumikizira chithandizo poika mankhwala a magulu angapo achire. Aliyense wa iwo ali ndi mawonekedwe ake ochita ndi mawonekedwe. Mndandanda wamankhwala omwe amathandizira odwala matenda a shuga ndi ochulukirapo, adokotala omwe amapezeka ndi omwe amawasankha okha, omwe amadzisamalira okha samakhazikitsidwa.
Sulfonylurea
Mankhwala a gulu lothandizawu amachititsa kuti inshuwaransi ipange. Kwa nthawi yayitali, adawerengedwa ngati mankhwala akuluakulu othandizira matenda a shuga, zomwe zimapangitsa kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa shuga. Chofunikira chachikulu pa gululi ndi metformin. Gululi limaphatikizapo:
- Glycidone;
- Gliclazide;
- Glucophage;
- Glimepiride;
- Glibenclamide (dzina lamalonda Maninil).
Ngakhale ikuchita bwino kwambiri, gululi silikufunika kwenikweni masiku ano chifukwa chakuopsa kwa hypoglycemia ndi kulemera kwakukulu. Njira yokhayo pagulu lomwe lalimbikitsidwa ndi World Health Organisation ndi Glibenclamide. Zotsatira zoyipa zotere monga hypoglycemia kulibe.
Njira yokhayo pagulu lomwe lalimbikitsidwa ndi World Health Organisation ndi Glibenclamide.
Meglitinides
Mankhwala omwe ali mgululi amachititsa kuti insulin ipange. Kuchita bwino kwa mayankho achire kuchokera kuzomwe amagwiritsa ntchito kumayenderana ndi kuyambika kwa shuga: momwe mungakhalire, kuchuluka kwa insulin kudzapangidwa ndi kapamba. Chimalimbikitsidwa pa matenda a matenda a shuga 2:
- Starlix - malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito akuti akuti amayamba kuchita ola limodzi pambuyo pa kukhazikitsa. Palibe zovuta zoyipa monga kulemera ndi zovuta pa impso ndi chiwindi. Mlingo ndi munthu payekha malinga ndi zaka za wodwalayo, kulemera kwake komanso kuopsa kwa matenda ake.
- Novonorm - iyenera kumwedwa musanadye chakudya chachikulu, pafupipafupi pakudya tsiku lililonse - kuyambira katatu mpaka kanayi. Mankhwalawa amathandizira kuchepetsa shuga pang'onopang'ono, kotero palibe zoopsa za hypoglycemia.
Mlingo ndi payekha.
Biguanides
Mu odwala matenda ashuga, biguanides amalepheretsa shuga kutulutsidwa m'maselo a chiwindi, chifukwa chomwe shuga amamugwira bwino ndipo amayenda ndi minofu yofewa. Contraindication kuti agwiritse ntchito - wodwalayo ali ndi vuto la impso, matenda amtima, omwe amatha kuyambitsa matenda a mtima, matenda a shuga insipidus (kapangidwe ka mkodzo wa mkodzo). Gululi limaphatikizapo:
- Metformin - imachepetsa mayamwidwe a glucose m'matumbo, mlingo wa munthu, umayikidwa ngati wodwala watopa kwambiri;
- Siofor - zimathandizira kuchepetsa kulemera: Mlingo wa tsiku ndi tsiku - 3 g, uyenera kugawidwa mu Mlingo wa 2-3 patsiku;
- Fomu - imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa odwala omwe ali ndi kunenepa kwambiri, munthawi yachilendo impso ndi kwamikodzo.
Biguanides amatha kuyambitsa mavuto monga nseru komanso kusintha kukoma. Nthawi zambiri, yolekeredwa bwino ndi odwala matenda ashuga.
Ma giliki
Cholinga chochepetsera ndende ya magazi m'magazi. Njirayi imatsimikiziridwa ndikupondereza kupanga zinthu za glucagon zopangidwa ndi kapamba. Ubwino wa gululo ndi kusakhalapo kwa chiwopsezo cha zovuta monga kukula kwa chikumbumtima cha hypoglycemic. Zisonyezero zogwiritsidwa ntchito:
- matenda ashuga oyambira;
- tsankho kapena ofooka kuyankha kuyankha kwa Biguanides.
Amatumizidwa limodzi ndi mankhwala ena omwe amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga. Kugwiritsa ntchito glisitins:
- Januvius;
- Galvus;
- Onglisa.
Gulu la mankhwalawa limagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochiza matenda ashuga chifukwa sizikhudza kulemera kwa thupi, matumbo am'mimba komanso mtima.
Ma glinids
Mankhwala omwe cholinga chake ndikuthandizira kupanga insulin. Amasankhidwa ndi shuga ochulukirapo atatha kudya. Amayamba kugwira ntchito pasanathe ola limodzi pambuyo pa utsogoleri. Kuphatikizidwa ndi gulu ili:
- Repaglinide;
- Nateglinide.
Zovuta - zoopsa za hypoglycemia, kufunika kotenga nthawi iliyonse ndi chakudya. Ma glinides amapatsidwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo limodzi ndi mankhwala potengera mankhwala a metformin.
Alpha Glucosidase Inhibitors
Zotsatira zamankhwala omwe ali mgululi zimakhazikika pakuchepa kwa kutulutsa shuga. Chifukwa cha izi, kuchuluka kwa hyperglycemia mutatha kudya kumachepetsedwa. Alfa glucosidase inhibitors amachepetsa ndikusunga shuga. Chalangizidwa kuvomerezedwa:
- Miglitol;
- Voglibosis;
- Acarbose.
Palibe chiopsezo cha hypoglycemia, koma zina mwanjira zingachitike: flatulence, kutsegula m'mimba. Zizindikirozi zikachitika, muyenera kusintha mlingo wake. Ngati izi sizikuthandizani, muyenera kusiya kumwa zoletsa izi.
Beta glucose inhibitors
Mankhwala a gululi, omwe amadziwika kuti ndi othandizira odwala matenda a shuga 2, ndi Acarbose (Glucobay). Ichi si chida chodziimira payekha pakuthandizira, koma chothandiza. Zigawo zothandizira sizilowa m'magazi ndipo sizikhudza kupanga insulin.
Kuwonekera kwa chochita kumapangidwa mwachindunji kwa mafuta omwe amalowa mthupi ndi chakudya. Gawo lolimbikira limalumikizana ndi ma enzyme omwe thupi limatulutsa kuti ligwetse chakudya. Mankhwala omwe amapatsidwa amachepetsa kuthira kwa chakudya, motero kupewa shuga.
Acarbose amachepetsa kuthira kwa chakudya, motero amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga.
Sodium Glucose Cotransporter Inhibitors
Awa ndimankhwala aposachedwa kwambiri pochiza matenda a shuga. Kapangidwe kake pakulimbitsa thupi ndikuletsa kupondereza shuga ndi impso, chifukwa pomwe shuga amamuchotsa mkodzo. Mtundu watsopano wamankhwala umapereka kutsika kwakutali kwa glucose pomwe akuwonjezera kupanga insulin. Gululi limaphatikizapo:
- Forsyga;
- Attokana;
- Jardins.
Zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito molumikizana ndi mankhwala ena mankhwalawa othandizira odwala matenda ashuga, palibe zovuta pamtunduwu.
Ma Inhibitors amagwiritsidwa ntchito pagawo lonse la matendawa. Zotsatira zoyipa ndizosowa, koma chitukuko cha matenda opatsirana a genitourinary system sichitha, popeza mankhwalawa amafunika kumwa maantibayotiki.
Milaz
Amathandizira kuyimitsidwa kwamatenda a shuga, amasintha ndikukhazikitsa mayamwidwe a shuga ndi minofu yofewa. Kuperewera kwa gulu la mankhwala pochiza matenda ashuga ndi mndandanda wazizindikiro zambiri zam'mbali:
- kulemera;
- kusokonekera kwa minofu ya mafupa;
- kutupa;
- chitukuko cha eczema;
- osokoneza ntchito ya mtima minofu ndi chiwindi.
Choipa cha thiazolidinediones ndikuti zimayambitsa kulemera.
Choipa cha Thiazolidinediones ndikuti zimayambitsa kutupa.
Zoyipa za Niazolidinediones ndikuti zimasokoneza kugwira ntchito kwa minofu ya mtima.
Avandia ndiwothandizira ndi hypoglycemic.
Thiazolidinediones omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi odwala matenda ashuga:
- Avandia ndiwothandizira ndi hypoglycemic zotsatira, zomwe zimapangitsa njira za metabolic, zimawonjezera chidwi cha insulin;
- Actos - kumawonjezera chiwopsezo cha zimakhala kuti apange insulin, yomwe imachepetsa kuyamwa kwa maselo a chiwindi;
- Astrozone - amalembera odwala omwe ali ndi mafuta onenepa kwambiri omwe alibe yankho lochokera ku metformin;
- Piouno - amadziwika kuti kunenepa kwambiri ndi metformin tsankho.
Thiazolidinediones amagwiritsidwa ntchito palokha popanda chithandizo cha matenda a matenda ashuga a 2, komanso kuphatikiza ndi mankhwala ena, ngati pakufunika kutero.
Incretinomimetics
Exenatide, Liraglutide ndi m'gululi. Limagwirira ntchito ikufuna kuthamangitsa njira yopangira insulini chifukwa cha kulowerera kwa glucose m'magazi oyenda. Kuchepetsa kupanga kwa glucagon ndi mafuta acids, zomwe zimachepetsa kugaya chakudya. Kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa kumapangitsa kuti pakhale nthawi yayitali yodzaza komanso kusakhalako ndi njala.
Zotheka zoyipa ndi mseru. Pambuyo pa masabata 1-2 kuyambira pa chiyambi cha chithandizo, kupuma kambiri kumadzisintha.
Mankhwala a antihypertensive
Cholinga chofuna kuchiza matenda oopsa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azikhala ndi matenda ashuga. Mankhwala a antihypertensive omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda othamanga kwambiri m'magazi a matenda ashuga:
- okodzetsa;
- alpha-blockers;
- beta blockers;
- calcium blockers;
- pakati.
Mankhwala a antihypertensive omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda othamanga kwambiri m'magazi odwala matenda ashuga amaphatikizanso diuretics.
Amasankhidwa payekha kutengera mawonekedwe a thupi ndi kuopsa kwa matenda ashuga. Ndikofunika kusankha ndalama izi kuti zitha kukhala ndi zovuta zowopsa. Ndizothandiza kwambiri kuzigwiritsa ntchito limodzi ndi mankhwala oyambira.
Statitis ndi mafupa
Amakhala ndi cholinga choteteza matenda a lipid, omwe amachepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda a mtima ndi dongosolo la magazi. Thandizani kutsitsa cholesterol, sinthani thupi.
Neuroprotectors
Mankhwala othandizira odwala matenda a shuga, ma neuroprotectors amafunikira kupereka njira yodzitetezera kupewa mavuto obwera chifukwa cha kusokonezeka kwa metabolic. Ndi matenda ashuga, madokotala nthawi zambiri amalembera:
- Benfogammu;
- Milgammu;
- Kuphatikizana;
- Oktolipen;
- Tieleptu.
Ma Neuroprotectors ali otetezeka momwe angathere kwa thupi. Chowonongera chokhacho chogwiritsa ntchito ndicho kusalolera kwa zigawo zina. Zotheka kukhala ndi zoyipa zimachitika.
Ndi matenda a shuga, madokotala nthawi zambiri amapereka Tieolept.
Kukonzekera kochokera ku mbewu
Njira zomwe zimapangidwa ndi zitsamba pazomwe zimapangidwa ndizotchuka chifukwa cha chiwopsezo chochepa cha zotsatira zoyipa komanso zovuta pakhungu. Sali mankhwala odziimira pawokha pakuchiritsa matenda. Fananizani ndi mankhwala othandizira, cholinga chake ndikutanthauza kusintha thanzi lathu lonse.
Gululi limaphatikizapo Insulin. Limagwirira ntchito ikufuna kuyimitsa ntchito yogwira shuga m'matumbo, potero kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Kosi yomwe imakhala ndi Insulin imathandizira kuti matendawa azigwira ntchito komanso azigwira ntchito.
Mankhwala ena 1 otengera zitsamba zomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuteteza matenda a metabolic ku matenda a shuga ndi a Golubitoks.
Mankhwala ena ozikidwa pa zitsamba zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti matenda a shuga asinthe ndi a Golubitoks.
Mankhwala osakanikirana
Amakhala ndi vuto lochiza matenda amitundu iwiri matenda ashuga:
- Amaryl - imathandizira njira yopanga insulin, imakulitsa mphamvu ya minofu yofewa kwa iyo.
- Glibomet - imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mankhwala ovuta kwambiri pamene amadya komanso masewera sathandizanso kuteteza shuga m'magazi.
- Yanumet - imathandizira kutsika kosavuta kwa ndende ya glucose, kuletsa kukula kwa hypoglycemia.
Mankhwala ophatikizika pamodzi ophatikizika amathandizira kuyimitsa kukhazikika kwa phazi la matenda ashuga, vuto lomwe limakonda kupezeka mwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga.
Mankhwala obwera mwatsopano
Othandizira odwala matenda ashuga a m'badwo watsopano - zoletsa za DPP-4 Sizikhudza kupanga kwa insulin ndi maselo a beta, koma nthawi yomweyo amakhala ndi zoteteza ku glucan polypeptide, yomwe ndiyofunikira kuti gland igwire bwino ntchito. Mankhwala am'badwo watsopano:
- Baeta;
- Victoza;
- Sitagliptin;
- Vildagliptin.
Ubwino wawo ndikuti amatha kuphatikizidwa mosamala ndi mankhwala ena, chifukwa amaletsa kugwa mwadzidzidzi m'magazi a magazi.
Mapiritsi otchuka kwambiri ochepetsa shuga
Pochiza matenda a shuga ndi cholinga chotsitsa chizindikiro cha shuga, otchuka kwambiri ndi awa:
- Amaryl (sulfonylureas);
- Jardins (glucose cotransporter inhibitors);
- Galvus (DPP-4 inhibitor, m'badwo watsopano);
- Januvia (m'badwo watsopano, DPP-4 inhibitor);
- Maninyl (sulfonylureas);
- Wopweteka (glucagon-peptide receptor agonist);
- Diabeteson (sulfonylureas).
Mankhwalawa amapereka chithandizo chodziwika bwino kwambiri ndipo ali ndi zoopsa zochepa zoyambitsa mavuto.
Chofunika ndi chiyani - insulin kapena mapiritsi?
Ndikosavuta kuyankha mosagwirizana, komwe ndi kwabwino kwa matenda ashuga - jakisoni wa insulin kapena mapiritsi. Zambiri zimatengera kuopsa kwa matendawa komanso kuopsa kwa thupi. Ubwino wa insulini ndikuti njira iyi yodziwitsa matenda a shuga ndi yoyenera kwa onse omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, ndipo amapereka mofulumira.
Kuperewera kwa mapiritsi - ayenera kusankhidwa. Mankhwala omwe amakhala otetezeka kwa munthu wina wodwala matenda ashuga, mwanjira ina, amadzetsa mavuto ambiri. Chiwalo chilichonse chimagwira mosiyanasiyana kwa wothandizira m'modzi mwa ma piritsi, kotero momwe mayankho azithandizo amasiyana.
Pamodzi ndi izi, mapiritsiwa ali ndi zabwino zingapo. Ndiosavuta kuyitenga kuposa kupereka jakisoni pafupipafupi. Ubwino ndikuti mapiritsi amatenga nthawi yayitali, amathandizira kuwongolera zizindikiro za shuga.
Zomwe mungasankhe - piritsi kapena piritsi la insulin, ndi madokotala okha omwe akuganiza.
Ndemanga
Oleg, wazaka 54, ku Moscow: "Ndidakhala ndi insulin kwazaka zambiri, ndikuopa kusintha mapiritsi, chifukwa adotolo adanena kuti zingakhale zovuta kuwapeza. Sindikufuna kuwononga nthawi, ndinkaopa kuti mankhwalawo sangagwire ntchito, ndipo vuto langali likukulira. Koma adaganiza mapiritsi ndipo anali ndi mwayi. Mankhwala oyamba omwe Amaril adasankha adathandizira kukhazikitsa shuga ndikuchotsa kudalira kosalekeza kwa jakisoni wa insulin. "
Olga, wazaka 61, Ryazan: "Ndakhala ndikutenga Acarbose kwa nthawi yayitali ndipo ndakhutira nazo. Sizipangitsa kuti pakhale zovuta, zimalekeredwa mosavuta. Ndizotheka kuti mapiritsi ayenera kumwedwa ndi chakudya, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kuthekera kuti kulandiridwako ndikochepa. mapiritsi osavuta kugwiritsa ntchito sangafanane ndi kufunika kwa kubayidwa. "
Dina, wazaka 41, Orenburg: "Sindingathe kusunga shuga wanga pamlingo wofanana ndi chakudya changa, chifukwa nthawi zambiri ndimadumphira chakudya chifukwa chotanganidwa kuntchito. Sindikufuna kupereka jakisoni. Dokotala adalemba mapiritsi a Miglitol. Mkulu wama glucose adayamba kukhala abwinobwino. panali kudumpha, zinthu zonse zinali bwino. "
