Ziwerengero zikuwonetsa kuti chiwerengero cha odwala matenda a shuga chikukula chaka ndi chaka. Pafupifupi 7 peresenti ya anthu padziko lonse lapansi ali ndi matendawa, ndipo, m'dziko lathu lokha, odwala matenda ashuga osakwana mamiliyoni atatu ndi omwe amalembetsedwa mwalamulo. Odwala ambiri sakayikira ngakhale pang'ono kuti amadziwika ndi matenda awo zaka zambiri.
Ngati nkofunikira kuti munthu akhale wathanzi, amalingalira zamtsogolo, ndikofunikira kudziwa komwe matenda ashuga amachokera. Izi zikuthandizani kuzindikira kuphwanya m'thupi momwe mungayambire, kuti muchepetse kuwonjezereka kwa zizindikiro ndi matenda owopsa.
Matenda a shuga ndi endocrine matenda, amapezeka pamene insulin ya mahomoni imakhala yochepa, yomwe imapangidwa ndi zisumbu za Langerhans mu kapamba. Ngati kuchepa kwa insulin kuli kwantheradi, timadzi timeneti sitipangidwa, tikulankhula za matenda amtundu woyamba, pakamvekera mphamvu ya mahomoni, ndipo matenda a shuga amawapeza ndi mtundu wachiwiri.
Mulimonsemo, shuga wambiri amawazungulira m'magazi mwa munthu, amayamba kuwonekera mkodzo. Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa glucose osagwira ntchito kumapangitsa kuti pakhale mankhwala osokoneza bongo oopsa omwe amabwera chifukwa cha matupi a ketone. Izi:
- zimakhudza kwambiri wodwalayo;
- zimatha kuyambitsa kukomoka.
Yankho lenileni la funso lofunsa chifukwa chake shuga limachitika silipezeka pakadali pano. Zifukwa zake zitha kukhala chifukwa cha kutengera kwa chibadwa kapena moyo, komanso kumwa kwambiri shuga ndi chinthu chachiwiri.
Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda A shuga 1
Matenda amtunduwu amakula msanga, nthawi zambiri amakhala ovutitsa kakakulu kachilombo, makamaka ana, achinyamata ndi achinyamata. Madotolo adazindikira kuti pali cholowa chamtundu wa shuga.
Matenda amtunduwu amatchedwanso achichepere, dzinali limawonetsa machitidwe a mapangidwe a matenda. Zizindikiro zoyambirira zimapezeka pazaka zapakati pa 0 mpaka 19.
Cancreas ndi chiwalo chovuta kwambiri, chokhala ndi zovuta zilizonse pakugwira ntchito kwake, chotupa, kutupa, kuwonongeka, kuwonongeka kwa insulin, komwe kungayambitse matenda a shuga.
Mtundu woyamba wa shuga umatchulidwanso kuti umadalira insulini, mwanjira ina, umafunika kukakamiza pafupipafupi kwa insulin. Wodwala amakakamizidwa kuti azikhala ndi nthawi yopuma tsiku lililonse ngati:
- kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi ake ndikokwanira kwambiri;
- mwina ikucheperachepera.
Mulingo uliwonse womwe umabweretsa chiwopsezo pamoyo, sayenera kuloledwa.
Ndi matenda otere, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa kuti muyenera kuyang'anira zonse zomwe muli nazo, musaiwale za kutsatira kwambiri zomwe zakudya zimayikidwa ndi adotolo, kuyika jekeseni wa insulin pafupipafupi, ndikuwunika shuga ndi mkodzo.
Type 2 shuga
Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda amatchedwa shuga a anthu onenepa kwambiri, chifukwa chake ndikuti matenda am'magazi amakhala m'moyo wa munthu, kumwa kwambiri mafuta, zakudya zopatsa mphamvu zambiri, kusachita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kunenepa kwambiri.
Ngati munthu ali ndi kunenepa kwambiri, chiwopsezo chotenga matenda a shuga chikuwonjezeka ndi mfundo 10, kunenepa kwambiri pamimba kumakhala kowopsa makamaka pamene mafuta amadzaza m'mimba.
M'magulu azachipatala, mutha kupeza dzina lina la mtundu uwu wa anthu odwala matenda ashuga - okalamba. Thupi likamakula, maselo amakhala osagwirizana ndi insulin, yomwe imayamba kukhala njira ya pathological. Komabe, monga momwe machitidwe akuwonetsera, mawonekedwe aliwonse amtunduwu atha kuthetsedwa ataperekedwa:
- kutsatira zakudya zamafuta ochepa;
- makonda azitsulo zolemetsa.
Choyambitsa china cha matendawa ndi cholowa chamabadwa, koma muzochitika izi, zizolowezi zakudya za makolo zimakhudzidwa. Ndi chochitika chodziwika bwino kuti ana ochulukirachulukira posachedwapa alwala ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga kuposa mtundu woyamba. Chifukwa chake, makolo ayenera kupewa matenda a shuga kwa ana, makamaka ngati wachibale ali ndi matenda ofananawo, ana sayenera kudyetsedwa, mwana ayenera kukhala ndi lingaliro loyambira la thanzi labwino.
Hemeni ya insulin ya matenda amtundu wachiwiri nthawi zambiri samalembedwa, mwanjira iyi zakudya zokha zimasonyezedwa, mankhwala osokoneza bongo wambiri.
Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ashuga zimayeneranso kuwonetsa kusokonezeka kwa ziwalo zamkati za endocrine system:
- kutulutsa kwanyani;
- adrenal gland;
- chithokomiro.
Zimachitika kuti zizindikiro za matendawa zimawoneka mwa amayi apakati, ndikalandira chithandizo chokwanira, vutoli litha kuthetsedwa mwachangu.
Thupi laumunthu likawona kusowa kwa mapuloteni, zinc, amino acid, koma ndikudzala ndi chitsulo, kupanga insulin kumasokonezedwanso.
Magazi okhala ndi chitsulo chowonjezera amalowa m'maselo a kapamba, ndikuwadzaza, ndikupangitsa kuti insulin ithetse.
Mawonetsero akulu a shuga, zovuta
Zizindikiro za matendawa zimatha kusiyanasiyana, kutengera kuzungulira kwa momwe timagwirira ntchito, komabe, kuchuluka kwa odwala kwati:
- kamwa yowuma
- ludzu lambiri;
- kusakhala ndi chidwi, ulesi, kugona;
- kuyabwa kwa khungu;
- kununkhira kwa acetone kuchokera pamlomo wamkamwa;
- kukodza pafupipafupi
- mabala amachiritso aatali, mabala, zipsera.
Ndi matenda a shuga amtundu wachiwiri, thupi la wodwalayo limakwera, koma ndi mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga, chizindikiro cha nthendayo ndi kuwonda kwambiri.
Ndi chithandizo chosayenera, kupezeka kwake, wodwala matenda ashuga posachedwa amakumana ndi zovuta zovuta za matendawa, amatha kugonjetsedwa: ziwiya zazing'ono komanso zazikulu (angiopathy), retina (retinopathy).
Matenda ena ophatikizika amakhala opuwala aimpso, ma atherosulinosis, ma pustular, zotupa za misomali, ziphuphu za khungu zimatha kuwoneka, kuchepa kwa chidwi cha malekezero apamwamba komanso otsika, komanso kupweteka.
Komanso kukula kwa phazi la matenda ashuga sikuphatikizidwa.
Njira Zodziwitsira
Kuphatikiza pa zovuta zamatenda a shuga, kusintha kwa magawo a mkodzo ndi magazi ndi chikhalidwe. Tsimikizirani kuti wapezeka kuti wapezeka ndi vutoli:
- kusanthula pamlingo wa shuga m'magazi, mkodzo;
- pamatumbo a ketone mumkodzo;
- glycated hemoglobin.
Chiyeso chololera cha glucose chinagwiritsidwa ntchito kale, koma posachedwa chinasinthidwa ndikuyesa magazi mobwerezabwereza pambuyo pa zakudya zamatumbo.
Pali zochitika zina zomwe dokotalayo amakayikira shuga m'm wodwala, koma mayeso amakhala abwinobwino, ndiye kuti kuyesa kwa glycosylated hemoglobin kudzakhala kofunikira pakuwazindikira. Amatha kufotokozera ngati kuchuluka kwa glucose kwachuluka m'miyezi itatu yapitayo.
Tsoka ilo, mayeso ena sangatengedwe m'malo onse ogwira ntchito; mtengo wawo samapezeka nthawi zonse.
Zomwe zimachitika ketoacidosis
Ketoacidosis ndiye oopsa kwambiri shuga. Aliyense amadziwa kuti thupi la munthu limatha kulandira mphamvu kuchokera ku glucose, koma choyamba liyenera kulowa m'maselo, ndipo izi zimafunikira insulini. Kuchepetsa kwambiri shuga, kuthwa kwamphamvu kwamaselo kumachitika, thupi limayendetsa ntchito yogwiritsira ntchito zinthu zosafunikira, komanso mafuta makamaka. Ma lipids awa ndi anaxidised, amawonetsedwa ndi acetone mu mkodzo, ketoacidosis imayamba.
Anthu odwala matenda ashuga samasiya kumva ludzu, limawuma pamkamwa, pamakhala kulumpha kowonda, ngakhale kupumula kwa nthawi yayitali kulibe mphamvu, mphwayi ndi ulesi sizitha. Matupi a ketone ochulukirapo m'magazi, mkhalidwe wawo umakulirakulira, kumalimbikira kununkhira kwa acetone mkamwa.
Ndi ketoacidosis, wodwalayo akhoza kugwa, chifukwa chaichi, kuwonjezera pamakonzedwe achilengedwe a minyewa, ndikofunikira kuchita kafukufuku wa acetone mu mkodzo. Izi zitha kuchitidwa kunyumba mothandizidwa ndi zingwe zapadera zoyeserera, zimagulitsidwa ku malo ogulitsa mankhwala. Kanema yemwe ali munkhaniyi akuwonetsa bwino momwe matenda a shuga amakulira.
