Posachedwa, madokotala ochokera kuzungulira padziko lonse lapansi akhala akuwonetsa alarm za zomwe zimatchedwa "matenda okoma." Mtundu 1 ndi matenda amtundu wa 2 pachaka umatenga pafupifupi 1 miliyoni miliyoni. Komanso, masekondi 7 aliwonse padziko lapansi, anthu awiri amapezeka ndi izi.
Asayansi akuti mu 2030 matenda amenewa adzakhala chinthu chachikulu chaimfa. Chifukwa chake, pali kufunikira kowonjezereka kwa kudziwa momwe matenda ashuga alili ndi momwe mtundu 1 ndi 2 zamatenda zimasiyana.
Mtundu woyamba 1 ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, kusiyana kumayambitsa zomwe zimayambitsa matenda.
Zambiri za matendawa
Matenda a shuga ndi matenda ogwirizana ndi kuperewera kwa dongosolo la endocrine, momwe mumakhala kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Izi zimapangitsa kusakhalapo kwathunthu kwa insulin kapena kuphwanya chiwopsezo cha maselo ndi minyewa yamthupi kwa icho. Uku ndiye kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa matenda amtundu wa 2 ndi matenda ashuga 2.
Insulin ndiye timadzi tomwe kapamba amatulutsa. Amapangidwa kuti achepetse magazi. Ndi glucose womwe ndi mphamvu yama cell ndi minofu.
Ngati kapamba sakugwira ntchito moyenera, sangatengeke bwino, chifukwa chake, amakhutira ndi mphamvu yatsopano, thupi limayamba kuphwanya mafuta, zomwe ndizinthu zakumwa zoledzeretsa - matupi a ketone. Zimasokoneza kuyendetsa bwino kwa ubongo, dongosolo lamanjenje komanso thupi laumunthu lonse.
Kukula kwa matenda a shuga amtundu 1 komanso mtundu wake, Chifukwa chake, madokotala amalimbikitsa kuyezetsa magazi pazakudya zosachepera kamodzi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi kwa anthu azaka zopitilira 40-45. Mwazi wa munthu wamkulu woperekedwa pamimba yopanda kanthu m'mawa uyenera kukhala kuchokera 3.9 mpaka 5.5 mmol / L; kupatuka kulikonse kumbali kungasonyeze matenda a shuga.
Nthawi yomweyo, mitundu itatu yayikulu ya matendawa imasiyanitsidwa: mtundu 1 wa matenda ashuga ndi mtundu 2 wa shuga (omwe adanenedwa kale), komanso matenda oopsa a gestational, omwe amapezeka nthawi ya bere.
Zoyambitsa Type 1 ndi Type 2abetes
Monga tanena kale, vuto la kapamba, makamaka maselo ake a beta, insulini satulutsa, motero, mtundu 1 wa matenda a shuga umachitika.
Pokhapokha ngati maselo ndi minyewa ya thupi yafika ku insulin, nthawi zambiri chifukwa cha kunenepa kwambiri kapena kubisalira mosavomerezeka kwa timadzi ta m'magazi, kukula kwa matenda a shuga 2 kumayambira.
Tebulo lomwe lili pansipa likuwonetsa kulongosola kofananira kwa mtundu 1 ndi mtundu 2 wa shuga chifukwa cha zina zomwe zimachitika.
Chifukwa | Mtundu 1 | Mtundu 2 |
Khalidweli | Siomwe chikuyambitsa matenda. Ngakhale wodwalayo atha kulandira matenda kuchokera kwa mayi kapena abambo. | Pali kulumikizana kwakukulu ndi genetics yabanja. Mwana akhoza kulandira mtundu wamtunduwu kuchokera kwa makolo omwe ali ndi mwayi wofika 70%. |
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi | Pali odwala ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu woyamba 1, omwe amayi awo sanawadyetse mkaka wa m'mawere, koma adapereka zosakanikirana zosiyanasiyana. | Zakudya zopanda thanzi zimagwira bwino ntchito yopanga matenda a zamatenda. Nthawi zambiri, kunenepa kwambiri kumayenderana ndi matenda a shuga. |
Nyengo | Nyengo yozizira imathandizira pakukula kwa matendawa. | Kugwirizana pakati pa nyengo ndi matenda ashuga a 2 sikunapezeke. |
Thupi laumunthu | Mavuto a Autoimmune amakhudzana ndi kufalikira kwa matenda opatsirana ndi ma virus (rubella, mumps, etc.). | Matendawa amapezeka mwa anthu okulirapo kuposa zaka 40 mpaka 40. Gulu lowopsa limaphatikizanso anthu omwe amakhala ndi moyo wotopa. |
Mwa zina, chinthu chosiyanitsa ndi chitukuko cha matenda ashuga a mtundu wachiwiri ndi jenda komanso mtundu wa munthu. Chifukwa chake, theka lokongola laumunthu komanso liwiro la Negroid ndizovuta zake.
Kuphatikiza apo, matenda amishuga azimayi azimayi panthawi yoyembekezera amayamba chifukwa cha kusintha kwa thupi, kotero kuwonjezeka kwa shuga m'magazi mpaka 5.8 mmol / L kuli kwazonse.
Pambuyo pobala, imatha yokha, koma nthawi zina imatha kukhala shuga yachiwiri.
Zizindikiro ndi zovuta za mtundu 1 ndi 2 shuga
Poyambirira, zamatsenga zimadutsa pafupifupi.
Koma ndi kukula kwa matenda ashuga, munthu amatha kuona zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana.
Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa mawonekedwe a mitundu iwiriyi, tebulo lotsatirali likuthandizira kuti mumvetsetse.
Chizindikiro | Mtundu 1 | Mtundu 2 |
Zizindikiro zoyambirira | Kuwonekera mkati mwa masabata ochepa. | Kukula zaka zingapo. |
Maonekedwe a wodwala | Nthawi zambiri thupi labwino kapena loonda. | Odwala amakonda kunenepa kwambiri kapena kunenepa kwambiri. |
Zizindikiro zakuwonekera kwa matenda | Kukodza pafupipafupi, ludzu, kuwonda msanga, kugona ndi njala, kugona, kusokonezeka, kusokonezeka kwa chakudya chamagaya (makamaka nseru ndi kusanza). | Kukangamiza pafupipafupi, ludzu, kuchepa thupi msanga, kugona ndi kudya, kugona, kusokonezeka, kugaya chakudya m'mimba, kusokonezeka m'maso, kuyabwa kwambiri, kuyambitsa khungu, kupweteka kwa nthawi yayitali. |
Ngati zizindikirozo ndizosiyana ndi matenda amtundu wa 2 komanso mtundu wa 2, ndiye kuti zovuta za matendawa zikufanana. Kuzindikira mwadzidzidzi ndi chithandizo chamankhwala kumabweretsa chitukuko cha:
- Matenda a shuga, okhala ndi mtundu 1 - ketoacidotic, wokhala ndi mtundu 2 - hypersmolar. Mulimonsemo, ndikofunikira kupulumutsa wodwalayo kuchipatala kuti atulutsidwenso.
- Hypoglycemia - kuchepa kwambiri kwa shuga m'magazi.
- Nephropathy - kuwonongeka kwaimpso kapena kulephera kwaimpso.
- Kuchulukitsa magazi.
- Kupanga kwa matenda a shuga a retinopathy omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi kusokoneza mitsempha yamagazi mkati mwa mawonekedwe.
- Kuchepetsa chitetezo chamthupi, chifukwa - chimfine pafupipafupi ndi SARS.
Kuphatikiza apo, odwala matenda a shuga a mitundu yoyamba ndi yachiwiri amakumana ndi matenda a mtima komanso stroko.
Kuzindikira mtundu 1 ndi matenda ashuga 2
Kuzindikira matendawa panthawi yake kumatha kulepheretsa kukula kwa matenda ndi zovuta. Odwala ambiri akudzifunsa kuti ndi mayeso ati omwe amachita bwino kwambiri. Yankho sili mu njira yoyesera, koma pafupipafupi pakukhazikitsa kwake. Njira zotsatirazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kudziwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi:
Kusanthula kwa shuga m'magazi kumachitika m'mawa m'mimba yopanda kanthu. Malinga ndi zotsatira za kafukufukuyu, hypo- kapena hyperglycemia imatha kutsimikizika. Zizindikiro zachilendo kwa munthu wamkulu zimawerengedwa kuti zimachokera ku 3.9 mpaka 5.5 mmol / L, zomwe zimachokera ku 5.6 mpaka 6.9 mmol / L zimawonetsa prediabetes, komanso kuchokera ku shuga - kuyambira 7 mmol / L kapena kupitilira.
Kuyeserera kwa glucose kumachitika mwa kutenga magazi a venous. Maola awiri asanakudziwe, wodwalayo amamwa madzi otsekemera. Zotsatira zoyesedwa zomwe zapezeka 11.1 mmol / l zikuwonetsa kukula kwa matenda.
Tsimikizani glycated hemoglobin (kapena HbA1c). Phunziroli limapereka shuga wapakati wamagazi m'miyezi iwiri kapena itatu yapitayo.
Kuti muthane ndi shuga, gwiritsani ntchito glucometer. Odwala mankhwalawa amtundu wa matenda ashuga 1 ayenera kudziwa zomwe zili mkati asanalowe jekeseni wa insulin iliyonse. Ndipo odwala omwe ali ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda amafunikira kuti azilamulira shuga osachepera katatu patsiku. Musanagwiritse ntchito, muyenera kutsatira malamulo a ukhondo nthawi yamapangidwewo ndipo mudzidziwa bwino malangizo omwe akuphatikizidwa ndi chipangizocho musanakwane. Kuti mupeze magazi ndi shuga ndi glucometer, muyenera:
- Chitani chala ndi mowa.
- Ndi choperewera kuboola chala kumbali.
- Pukutani dontho loyamba la magazi ndi swab kapena thonje louma.
- Finyani dontho lachiwiri pa mzere woyezera.
Pamapeto omaliza, muyenera kuyika mzere mu chipangizocho ndikudikirira zotsatira zake.
Kusiyana pa chithandizo cha mitundu 1 ndi 2 ya matenda
Mtundu woyamba 1 ndi matenda a shuga a 2 ayenera kuthandizidwa mwachangu, mokwanira komanso moyenera.
Kwenikweni, imaphatikizapo magawo angapo: zakudya zoyenera, moyo wokangalika, kuwongolera shuga ndi magazi.
Pansipa pali malamulo oyenera ochiritsira matenda amtundu wa 2, omwe amasiyanitsa omwe akuyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti athandize odwala.
Mtundu 1 | Mtundu 2 | |
Kubwezeretsa | Simungathe kuchira matenda ashuga kotheratu. Ndi mtundu woyamba wa matenda, chithandizo chokwanira cha insulin nchofunikira. Posachedwa, asayansi akuwona momwe ntchito yogwiritsira ntchito ma immunosuppressants, yomwe imatulutsa gastrin, yomwe imalimbikitsa kupanga mahomoni ndi kapamba. | Palibe machiritso athunthu a matendawa. Kutsatira malingaliro onse a dokotala ndi kugwiritsa ntchito moyenera mankhwalawa kumapangitsa kuti wodwalayo alowere ndikukhalanso chikhululukiro. |
Malangizo | Mankhwala a insulin; · Mankhwala (nthawi zina); · Zakudya zoyenera; · Zolimbitsa thupi; Kuwongolera shuga; Kuyang'ana kwa magazi; Kuwongolera mafuta m'thupi. | Mankhwala a antidiabetesic; Kutsatira zakudya zapadera; · Zolimbitsa thupi; Kuwongolera shuga; Kuyang'ana kwa magazi; Kuwongolera mafuta m'thupi. |
Chizindikiro cha zakudya zapadera ndizoti muchepetse kudya ndi mafuta omwe amapezeka m'mimba mosavuta.
Kuchokera pazakudya zomwe mumafunikira muyenera kupatula zinthu zophika mkate, makeke, maswiti osiyanasiyana ndi madzi okoma, nyama yofiira.
Kupewera kwa matenda a shuga a mellitus 1 ndi 2
M'malo mwake, palibe njira zabwino zopewera matenda ashuga amtundu woyamba. Koma lembani 2 matendawa atha kupewedwa ndikutsatira malamulo osavuta:
- zakudya zoyenera;
- moyo wokangalika, zochitika zolimbitsa thupi mu shuga;
- kuphatikiza koyenera kwa ntchito ndi zosangalatsa;
- chidwi chapadera ndi thanzi lanu;
- kuwongolera kupsinjika kwa malingaliro.
Kutsatira malangizowa kumatanthauza zambiri kwa munthu yemwe ali ndi wina m'banjamo yemwe ali ndi vutoli. Kukhala moyo wongokhala kumawononga thanzi lako, makamaka, kumayambitsa matenda ashuga.
Chifukwa chake, tsiku lililonse muyenera kuchita kuthamanga, yoga, kusewera masewera omwe mumakonda, kapena kungoyenda.
Simungathe kugwira ntchito mopitirira muyeso, kusowa tulo, chifukwa kuchepa kwa chitetezo chathupi. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti mtundu woyamba wa shuga ndi wowopsa kwambiri kuposa wachiwiri, motero moyo wathanzi umatha kuteteza anthu ku matenda otere.
Ndipo chifukwa chake, munthu amene akudziwa chomwe matenda ashuga ali, chomwe chimasiyanitsa mtundu woyamba ndi wachiwiri, zizindikiro zazikuluzikulu za matendawa, kuyerekeza pamankhwala amitundu iwiri, atha kulepheretsa kukula kwake kapena, akapezeka, azindikire matendawa mwachangu ndikuyambitsa chithandizo choyenera.
Inde, matenda ashuga amapereka chiwopsezo chachikulu kwa wodwalayo, koma poyankha mwachangu, mutha kukonza thanzi lanu pochepetsa kuchuluka kwa glucose pamlingo wamba. Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa matenda amtundu wa 2 ndi mtundu wa 2 omwe ali mu vidiyo iyi?