Kuchuluka kwa shuga m'mwazi ndizomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kutsimikizira matenda a shuga. Njira yamakono ya moyo ndiyotalikirana ndi yoyenera: anthu anasiya kudya chakudya chopatsa thanzi, ndipo kuyenda maulendo ena ndi ntchito zakunja kunasinthidwa ndimasewera ndi masewera.
Zonsezi zimabweretsa mawonekedwe owonda, omwe ndi "bwenzi" la shuga.
Matendawa ndi ofala kwambiri mchigawo chathu mwakuti ali m'gulu la mayiko asanu omwe akutsogolera. Bungwe Loona za Umoyo Padziko Lonse lalimbikitsa kwambiri kuyang'ana shuga wa munthu m'magazi kawiri pachaka.
Chifukwa chiyani glycemia imadzuka?
Shuga akamapita patsogolo, shuga m'magazi amadzuka kangapo. Matendawa ali ndi chilengedwe cha endocrine, chifukwa chifukwa chakulephera kwa chitetezo chathupi, thupi limayamba kupanga ma antibodies ake kuma cell ake a beta, omwe amapezeka mu islet zida za kapamba.
Pali mitundu ingapo ya "matenda okoma", omwe ndi mitundu yodalirika ya insulin, osadalira insulin komanso ma gestational.
Matenda a shuga a Type 1 amapezeka ali ana, motero amatchedwa "ana." Madokotala nthawi zambiri amazindikira matenda am'mimba mpaka zaka 10-12. Kusiyana kwakukulu kuchokera ku mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ndikwakuti shuga imatha kukhala yokhayo pobayira jakisoni. Izi zikuchitika chifukwa cha kulephera kwa kapamba kuti apange mahomoni omwe amachepetsa shuga. Ngakhale kuti izi zimapatsa mphamvu gawo lililonse m'thupi, kudziunjikira kwambiri m'magazi kumabweretsa "kufa ndi njala" pamaselo a cellular ndipo mpaka kumatha kupha.
Mtundu wachiwiri wa matendawa umakula atakula - kuyambira 40 mpaka 405. Chimodzi mwazifukwa zazikulu zakutukuka kwake zimawonedwa ngati kunenepa kwambiri, ngakhale pali zinthu zina zambiri (mtundu, jenda, matenda ophatikizika, ndi zina). Kupanga kwina kwambiri kwa insulin kumachitika mthupi, koma zolandilira minofu zimayamba kuyankha molakwika. Chodabwitsachi chimatchedwa "kukana insulini." Pozindikira matenda ashuga, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumatheka mwa kuwona zakudya zapadera komanso maphunziro akuthupi.
Matenda a shuga a Gestational ndi mtundu wina wa matenda omwe amapezeka mwa amayi apakati chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwa mahomoni. Kugwiritsa ntchito moyenera kumakuthandizani kuti muiwale za matenda mukabereka.
Ndi zizindikiro ziti zomwe zingasonyeze matenda a shuga? Zizindikiro zake zazikulu ndi polyuria ndi ludzu losalekeza. Kuphatikiza pa iwo, muyenera kutchera khutu ku zizindikilo zamthupi zotere:
- kupweteka mutu komanso kusokonekera;
- kuchuluka kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi;
- kukokana kapena kuzizira kwa malekezero apansi;
- kuyanika pakamwa;
- kuchepa kowoneka bwino;
- chizungulire, kugona tulo;
- anjala zopanda nzeru;
- zotupa pakhungu ndi kuyabwa;
- kuwonda;
- kusamba kwa msambo;
Kuphatikiza apo, mavuto omwe amabwera ndi zochitika zogonana amatha kuchitika.
Kuyesa kwa shuga m'magazi
Pochita ndi endocrinologist, wodwalayo atafotokoza zonse zomwe wodwala ali nazo, katswiriyo amamuwuza kuti akamupimidwe
Potsatira mayeso, mutha kukhazikitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.
Kuunikiraku kumachitika ndi chipatala chachipatala cha chipatala.
Kuyesa kwa shuga kuyenera kuchitidwa kawiri pachaka kwa anthu omwe:
- kukhala ndi abale omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga;
- kudwala kwambiri kunenepa;
- kudwala matenda amitsempha;
- adabereka mwana wolemera masekeli 4.1 (akazi);
- agwera mgulu la zaka zopitilira 40.
Musanapereke magazi kwa shuga maola 24 apitawa, muyenera kukonzekera pang'ono, chifukwa kukonzekera molakwika kusanthula kumatha kubweretsa zotsatira zabodza. Anthu sayenera kudzipanikiza ndi ntchito yotopetsa komanso kudya chakudya cholemera. Koma izi sizitanthauza kuti muyenera kusiyiratu zakudya zomwe zili ndi zomanga thupi, chifukwa zonse zimakhala zothandiza pang'ono.
Popeza phunziroli limachitika m'mawa, odwala amaletsedwa kudya chakudya chilichonse m'mawa ndikumwa zakumwa, kaya khofi kapena tiyi. Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti zinthu zotsatirazi zimakhudza chizindikiro cha shuga m'magazi a munthu:
- Kupsinjika ndi kukhumudwa.
- Matenda komanso matenda opatsirana oyamba.
- Nthawi yobereka mwana.
- Kutopa kwambiri, mwachitsanzo, kusuntha kwa usiku.
Ngati chimodzi mwa zinthu zomwe zatchulidwazi chili mwa munthu, amayenera kukayezetsa magazi. Afunika kuchotsedwa kuti shuga achepetse mkhalidwe wake.
Zachilengedwe zimatengedwa kuchokera chala, chifukwa magazi ochepa kwambiri a capillary amatengedwa. Njirayi ndi yosavuta ndipo imafuna zotsatira mwachangu:
- 3.5 - 5.5 mmol / L - mtengo wabwinobwino (palibe shuga);
- 5.6 - 6.1 mmol / l - kupatuka kwa zizindikiro kukuwonetsa mkhalidwe wa prediabetes;
- zoposa 6.1 mmol / l - kukula kwa matenda.
Ngati shuga m'magazi apitilira 5.6 kapena 6.1 mmol / L, kuyesedwa kowonjezereka kumachitika, mwachitsanzo, kafukufuku pa C-peptides, kenako dotolo amapangira regimen yothandizira.
Kuyeza kwakukulu ndi hemoglobin ya glycosylated
Pali njira zinanso zodziwira shuga wanu wamagazi. Muzochita zamankhwala, kuyezetsa magazi kwa shuga nthawi zambiri kumachitika ndi katundu. Kuwerenga kumeneku kwa matenda a shuga kumaphatikizapo magawo awiri.
Pa gawo loyamba, munthu amayesedwa kuchokera kumitsempha ya m'mimba yopanda kanthu. Kenako amaloledwa kumwa madzi otsekemera. Kuti muchite izi, shuga (100 g) amadzipereka m'madzi (300 ml). Mukamwa madzi otsekemera, zinthu zimasinthidwa mphindi 30 zilizonse kwa maola awiri.
Chifukwa chake, kodi munthu ayenera kukhala ndi chiyani m'magazi a magazi? Kuti muchite izi, magawo a kafukufuku agawidwa kukhala omwe amatsimikiziridwa pamimba yopanda kanthu, ndipo omwe amatengedwa atatenga madzi okoma.
Gome ili pansipa likuwonetsa shuga (magazi) amtundu uliwonse.
| Pambuyo kumwa madzi ndi shuga | Pamimba yopanda kanthu | |
| Norm | zosakwana 7.8 mmol / l | kuyambira 3.5 mpaka 5.5 mmol / l |
| Mlingo wa matenda a shuga | kuyambira 7.8 mpaka 11.0 mmol / l | kuyambira 5.6 mpaka 6.1 mmol / l |
| Matenda a shuga ndi chizolowezi | zopitilira 11.1 mmol / l | zopitilira 6.1 mmol / l |
Kufufuza koyenera kwambiri, komanso kotalikira kwambiri, kudziwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi a wodwalayo ndi kuyesa kwa hemoglobin ya glycosylated. Imachitika kwa miyezi 2-4. Munthawi imeneyi, zitsanzo zamagazi zimachitika, ndipo zotsatira za kafukufuku zimawonetsedwa.
Komabe, posankha kuyesedwa koyenera kwambiri kwa shuga m'magazi, muyenera kuyang'ana pazinthu ziwiri zofunika - kuthamanga kwa phunziroli ndi kulondola kwa zotsatira.
Mulingo wa shuga kutengera zaka komanso chakudya
Kodi shuga m'magazi ndi chiyani kwa ana ndi akulu? Chizindikirochi chimagawidwa ndi mibadwo, ndiye kuti, mibadwo yosiyanasiyana yamiseche ya glucose imayenderana ndi m'badwo uliwonse.
Odwala ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito tebulo lapadera kuti adziwe kuchuluka kwa glucose oyenera kukhala m'magazi.
| M'badwo | Magazi a shuga a Magazi |
| Ana | Kuyeza nthawi zambiri sikuchitika, chifukwa zomwe glucose ali nazo zimasiyana kwambiri pakadali pano |
| Ana (wazaka 3-6) | 3,3 - 5.4 mmol / L |
| Ana (wazaka 6-11) | 3,3 - 5.5 mmol / L |
| Achichepere (wazaka 12-14) | 3,3 - 5.6 mmol / L |
| Akuluakulu (wazaka 14-61) | 4.1 - 5.9 mmol / L |
| Okalamba (wazaka 62 ndi kupitilira) | 4,6 - 6.4 mmol / L |
| Ukalamba (woposa zaka 90) | 4,2 - 6.7 mmol / l |
Kupatuka pang'ono kwa amayi apakati komanso anthu azaka zopitilira 40 kumawerengedwa. Inde, m'malo oterewa, kusintha kwa ma horoni kumathandiza.
Kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi mukatha kudya kumatha kusintha. Izi ndizomveka bwino, chifukwa mukatha kudya mthupi la munthu, kuchuluka kwa shuga komanso zinthu zina zimawonjezeka.
| Kusintha kwamtengo pamimba yopanda kanthu, mmol / l | Maola 0.8-1.1 atatha kudya, mmol / l | Kuwerengera magazi ndikwabwinobwino pakatha maola awiri pakumeza, mmol / l | Kuzindikira |
| 5,5-5,7 | 8,9 | 7,8 | Wathanzi (shuga wabwinobwino) |
| 7,8 | 9,0-12 | 7,9-11 | Dongosolo la odwala matenda ashuga (kufunika kwa shuga akuluakulu mwa akulu) |
| 7.8 ndi zina | 12.1 ndi pamwambapa | 11.1 ndi zina | Matenda a shuga (osati chizolowezi) |
Ponena za ana, pa msinkhu wawo muyezo wamagulu a shuga amawonedwa chimodzimodzi ndi akulu. Komabe, mphamvu zowonjezera zamankhwala ophatikizika amoto mu ana zimakhala ndi mitengo yotsika. Gome lotsatirali limathandizira kudziwa zomwe shuga azikhala pambuyo chakudya.
| Chizindikiro pamimba yopanda kanthu, mmol / l | Maola 0.8-1.1 atatha kudya, mmol / l | Kuwerengera magazi ndikwabwinobwino pakatha maola awiri pakumeza, mmol / l | Kuzindikira |
| 3,3 | 6,1 | 5,1 | Ndi wathanzi |
| 6,1 | 9,0-11,0 | 8,0-10,0 | Matenda a shuga |
| 6,2 | 11,1 | 10,1 | Matenda a shuga |
Zizindikiro izi zikuwonetsa, popeza mwa ana, nthawi zambiri kuposa akuluakulu, pali kuchepa kapena kuwonjezeka kwa glucose pamalire a m'malire. Zomwe zimachitika mu shuga la mwana zimangotchulidwa ndi endocrinologist.
Momwe mungayang'anire shuga nokha?
Ngati anthu ena amafunikira kupereka magazi kamodzi kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, ndiye kuti odwala matenda ashuga amayenera kuwunika glycemia kangapo patsiku.
Kuti mudziwe kuchuluka kwa shuga mumagazi, muyenera chipangizo chapadera - glucometer. Chipangizocho chikuyenera kukwaniritsa zofunika monga kuthamanga, kulondola, kuphweka komanso mtengo wokwanira.
Chifukwa chake, glucometer waomwe amakonza Satellite amakwaniritsa zonsezi. Pa intaneti mutha kupeza ndemanga zabwino zambiri za chipangizocho.
Maubwino angapo a glucometer ndi awa:
- Dontho laling'ono la magazi limafunikira kuti muwone shuga yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga.
- Makumbukidwe amkati mwazida amatha kusunga miyezo 60;
- Kukhalapo kwa auto-kwa iwo amene amaiwala kuchita okha.
Muyenera kudziwa malamulo oyendetsera magazi kunyumba. Choyamba muyenera kuwerenga mosamala malangizo ogwiritsa ntchito chipangizocho, kenako kutsatira izi:
- Sambani m'manja ndi sopo ndikukhazikitsa chala chomwe chidzapangidwire.
- Pukutani pamalowo ndi antiseptic.
- Pangani cholembera pogwiritsa ntchito chosavuta.
- Finyani dontho lachiwiri la magazi pazida zapadera.
- Ikani Mzere woyeserera mu mita.
- Yembekezani mpaka chiwerengero chonse chiziwonetsedwa pazowonetsera.
Mwazi wamagazi ndichizindikiro chofunikira chifukwa madokotala amati ngati munthu ali ndi matenda ashuga. Komabe, zimakhalanso zokhazikika pamene wodwala asunga malamulo otsatirawa:
- Amadya zakudya zamafuta ochepa ndipo amachepetsa chakudya chamafuta ochepa;
- kuchita zolimbitsa thupi;
- Amamwa mankhwala ofunikira ngati ali ndi matenda ashuga.
Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti pofika chaka cha 2017, mndandanda wa mankhwala omwe amakondweretsedwa adakonzedwa, kotero odwala matenda ashuga tsopano amatha kujambula zikalata kuti alandire mankhwala ofunikira.
Kaya shuga ingasinthe malinga ndi zaka, kudya zakudya ndi zina zakonzedwa kale. Chachikulu ndikutsogoza moyo wathanzi, ndiye kuti shuga ya glucose ibwerera mwakale.
Akatswiri azikambirana za kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi munkhaniyi.
