Kuti dokotala athe kuzindikira matenda a shuga, wodwalayo ayenera kuphunzira.
Mukadutsa njira imodzi yoyeserera, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi a venous kungasonyeze kusapezeka kwa matenda.
Koma zizikhala chiyani? Kodi chizindikiro chimadalira zaka, thanzi la munthu? Izi zanenedwa m'nkhaniyi.
Kuzindikira matenda ashuga
Dokotala ataganizira kuti wodwalayo ali ndi matenda "okoma", amamuuza kuti amuwonjezere matenda ena. Kuti muwone kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, wodwalayo amayesedwa:
Kuyeserera kwa glucose kumachitika ndikutola magazi a venous. Maola awiri asanafike mayeso, munthu amamwa madzi otsekemera ndi shuga. Zotsatira za kusanthula kwaoposa 11.1 mmol / l zikuwonetsa chitukuko cha matenda ashuga.
Kuyesa kwa glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) kumachitika kwa miyezi itatu. Chomwe chikuwunikira ndikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin ya glycated m'magazi. Pali kulumikizana mwachindunji pakati pa iye ndi glucose: ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga, hemoglobin imakulanso. Ngati zotsatira zoyambira zimakhala pansi pa 5.7%, ndiye kuti munthuyo ndi wathanzi.
Kuyesedwa kwa shuga m'magazi kumachitika m'mawa m'mimba yopanda kanthu. Kuti muchite izi, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti musamadye chilichonse osadzichulukitsa nokha ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi kwa maola 10 musanatsutse magazi. Mwazi ukhoza kuchotsedwa kuchokera ku chala kapena kuchokera mu mtsempha. Kuyeserera kumachitika mu labotale. Mlingo wabwinobwino wa shuga mwa wodwala wamkulu umasiyana kuchokera pa 3,9 mpaka 5.5 mmol / L (wokhala ndi sampuli yamagazi) ndi mpaka 6.1 mmol / L (wokhala ndi magazi a venous sampling).
Kuti muzindikire molondola, kusanthula kamodzi sikokwanira. Phunziro lotere limayenera kuchitika kangapo. Nthawi zina wodwalayo amatha kunyalanyaza malamulo oti ayesedwe, mwachitsanzo, kudya maswiti angapo maola asanalembedwe magazi, ndipo zotsatira zake, sizikhala zolondola.
Pothana ndi kuchuluka kwa glucose (hyperglycemia), adokotala amatumiza wodwalayo kukayezetsa matenda a GAD antibodies ndi C-peptide kuti adziwe mtundu wa matenda.
Odwala odwala matenda ashuga ayenera kuyang'anira shuga wawo tsiku lililonse. Mu mtundu woyamba wa matenda, cheke chimachitika isanachitike njira iliyonse, monga mankhwala a insulin, kutanthauza katatu patsiku.
Odwala omwe ali ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa shuga amawunika chizindikirocho katatu patsiku: m'mawa, mutatha kudya ola limodzi, komanso pogona.
Njira yotsatsira magazi kuchokera mu mtsempha
Dokotala akakuyeserani magazi oyeserera a shuga, akatswiri omwe akuchita zamankhwala amachititsa kafukufuku pogwiritsa ntchito pulosesa. Kuphatikiza apo, chipangizochi chimafuna magazi ochulukirapo kuposa magazi a capillary.
Asanapatse mayeso, wodwalayo ayenera kudya (maola 10), chifukwa chake kafukufukuyu amachitika pamimba yopanda kanthu. Muyeneranso kusiya kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso kupsinjika. Mikhalidwe iyi ikanyalanyazidwa, zotsatira za kusanthula zitha kupotozedwa.
Asanalembedwe magazi, dzanja la wodwalayo limakhomedwa ndi chozungulira pamwamba pa chopondera ndipo akuti chimalowera ndipo chimakhudza mbali. Namwinoyo akadzawona mtsemphawo pakhola, amapaka singano ya syringe. Kenako amatsitsimutsira ulendowo ndikukutenga magazi oyenerera mu syringe. Kenako, ubweya wa thonje womwe umakhala ndi mowa umayikidwa kumalo opaka jakisoni ndipo wodwalayo amapemphedwa kuti agwiritse mkono kuti aletse magazi a venous mofulumira.
Pambuyo pa njirayi, katswiri amawunika magazi a venous kuti akwaniritse shuga mkati mwake. Makhalidwe abwinobwino amasiyana ndi ziwerengero zamagazi zomwe zimatengedwa kuchokera ku chala. Ngati mtengo wamalire panthawi yoyeserera magazi a capillary ndi 5.5 mmol / L, ndiye venous - 6.1 mmol / L.
Cholinga cha kuwunikaku ndikuwonetsa boma la pakati (prediabetes) kapena matenda ashuga.
Chifukwa chake, anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo komanso gulu la okalamba (zaka 40-45) akulimbikitsidwa kuyesedwa magazi osachepera kawiri pachaka.
Kuwerenga kwa glucose wamagazi
Kuwonjezeka kwa shuga m'magazi kumachitika pazifukwa ziwiri: pamene kapamba kakuyenda bwino, komanso ngati kumva kwa ma cell a zotumphukira kuti insulin isinthe.
Zinthu monga kusuta, mowa, kupsinjika, ndi zakudya zopanda thanzi zimakhudza kuchuluka kwa shuga.
Akalandira zotsatira za kuyezetsa magazi kwa munthu wamkulu, angadziwe izi:
- kuyambira 3.5 mpaka 6.1 mmol / l - mulingo wabwinobwino wamunthu wathanzi;
- kuyambira 6.1 mpaka 7 mmol / l - kusintha kwa kulolera kwa glucose (pamimba yopanda kanthu);
- kuyambira 7.8 mpaka 11.1 mmol / l - kusintha kwa kulolera kwa glucose (mutatha kudya);
- zoposa 11.1 mmol / l - kukhalapo kwa matenda a shuga.
Palibe kusiyana pakati pa zizindikiro zachikazi ndi zachimuna. Zomwe zimachitika m'badwo zokha zimakhudza kusiyana kwazomwe zikuchitika. Chifukwa chake, zikhalidwe za mibadwo yosiyana ndi:
- kuyambira 0 mpaka 1 chaka chimodzi (makanda) - 3.3-5.6 mmol / l;
- kuyambira 1 mpaka 14 zaka - 2.8-5.6 mmol / l;
- kuyambira wazaka 14 mpaka 59 - 3.5-6.1 mmol / l;
- 60 kapena kuposerapo - 4.6-6.4 mmol / L.
Kuphatikiza apo, kuchuluka kwa shuga pa zitsanzo za magazi a venous mwa mayi wapakati kumatha kuchepekedwa pang'ono - kuyambira 3,3 mpaka 6.6 mmol / L. Chifukwa chakuti minofu ya mayi woyembekezera imakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi insulin. Matenda a shuga a Gestational nthawi zina amakula kupitilira milungu 24-28. Nthawi zambiri, amatha kubereka mwana, koma nthawi zina amadutsa mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga.
Zizindikiro za Glucose Wapamwamba
Zizindikiro zingapo zimatha kuwonetsa hyperglycemia. Munthu ayenera kumvetsera mosamala zizindikilo za thupi lake chifukwa zizindikiro zotsatirazi zingasonyeze kukhalapo kwa matenda a shuga:
Mumva ludzu pafupipafupi, kamwa yowuma komanso kukoka pafupipafupi. Miyezi ya shuga ikakwera, katundu pa impso umachuluka. Amayamba kugwira ntchito mwachangu ndikutenga madzi osoweka kuchokera kuzipi zathupi. Zotsatira zake, munthu amafuna kumwa, kenako amadzichiritsa.
Chizungulire ndi kugona. Popeza glucose imakhala mphamvu, ikasowa, maselo amayamba "kufa ndi njala." Chifukwa chake, ngakhale atakhala ndi katundu pang'ono, wodwalayo amamva kutopa.
Komanso bongo umafunika glucose, kusowa kwake kumayambitsa chizungulire. Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa cha kufalikira kwa mafuta, matupi a ketone amatuluka - poizoni yemwe amasokoneza kugwira ntchito kwa ubongo.
- Kutupa kwa miyendo. Matenda a shuga nthawi zambiri amakhala limodzi ndi kuwonjezeka kwa magazi. Zinthu ziwirizi zimakhudza kugwira ntchito kwa impso, chifukwa, timadzi timadzimadzi totuluka m'thupi ndipo timadziunjikira pang'onopang'ono.
- Kugwedezeka kapena miyendo ndi miyendo. Ndi kukula kwa matenda ashuga, kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha kumatha. Chifukwa chake, munthu, makamaka ndikusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa kutentha, amatha kumva zovuta izi.
- Zowonongeka mu shuga. Zizindikiro zake ndizosowa kwambiri. Koma kuti mupeze chithunzi chosawoneka bwino, mawanga amdima ndi zolakwika zina, muyenera kuwona dokotala posachedwa. Vutoli limatha kukhala retinopathy - kuwonongeka kwa ziwiya za retina.
- Kuchiritsa kwa bala Ndi matenda ashuga, kuoneka kwa zotupa zosiyanasiyana za pakhungu ndikotheka. Polimbana ndi madera omwe akhudzidwa, wodwalayo atha kutenga matenda. Bakiteriya, ochulukitsa mabala otere, amasiya zinthu zapoizoni zoopsa zomwe zimasokoneza kuchira msanga.
- Zizindikiro zina ndi kuchepa thupi ndi kudya kwabwinoko, thirakiti lakukhumudwa.
Wodwala akakhala ndi zomwe zili pamwambapa, ayenera kupita kwa dokotala yemwe angadziwe matendawa.
Matenda a hypo- ndi hyperglycemia
Mukamayang'ana magazi a venous, kuchuluka kwa glucose sikugwirizana nthawi zonse ndi matenda "okoma" a mtundu woyamba kapena wachiwiri. Zambiri zomwe zimaperekedwa pagome zimakhudza kuwonjezeka kapena kuchepa kwa shuga.
Chifukwa | Kuchuluka kwa shuga | Kuchepetsa shuga |
Pancreatic Imper | · Matenda apakhungu kapena pachimake a kapamba. · Zotupa zosiyanasiyana. · Pancreatitis ndi matenda obadwa nawo (cystic fibrosis, hemochromatosis). | Insulinoma, hyperplasia, arsenoma, adenoma ndi matenda ena. |
Matenda a Endocrine | Itsenko-Cushing's syndrome, pheochromocytoma, acromegaly, thyrotooticosis ndi ena. | Adrenogenital syndrome, hypothyroidism, hypopituitarism, matenda a Addison. |
Kumwa mankhwala osiyanasiyana | Kugwiritsa ntchito glucocorticoids, estrogen, thiazide, tiyi kapena khofi. | Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa amphetamines, anabolic steroids, propranolol. |
Hypo ndi hyperglycemia | Hyperglycemia yoyambitsidwa ndi zochita zathupi (kupsinjika, kupsinjika, kusuta). | · Imagwira yogwira hypoglycemia chifukwa cha mavuto azachuma, gastroenterostomy, postgastroectomy. · Mankhwala osokoneza bongo a insulin kapena ma hypoglycemic wothandizira. Thupi. |
Mafupa akupanga m'chiwindi ndi impso | Matenda okhalitsa, chiwindi ndi impso. | Matenda a chiwindi (kupezeka kwa hepatitis, hemochromatosis, cirrhosis). |
Matenda ena | Stroke kapena myocardial infarction. | • Kulimbitsa thupi, mwachitsanzo, mowa, chloroform, arsenic, antihistamines. • Zakudya zopanda pake (njala, malabsorption). • Khansa (mawonekedwe am'mimba kapena adrenal glands, fibrosarcoma). • Fermentopathy - kusintha kwa kulolerana kwa shuga. |
Pali ma pathologies ambiri omwe amayambitsa vuto la shuga m'magazi. Chifukwa chake, ngati zizindikiro zokayikitsa zikuwoneka, muyenera kupita kwa dokotala, yemwe adzakulangizani kukayezetsa magazi ndikuwonetsetsa. Kanema yemwe anali munkhaniyi anakhudza kuyesedwa kwa magazi.