Insulin imalembedwa kuti ikhale ndi shuga ngati njira yochepetsera shuga wambiri. Hyperglycemia ndiye chizindikiro chachikulu cha matenda ashuga komanso chifukwa chachikulu chovuta kwambiri komanso chobvuta.
Ndi mtundu 1 wa matenda a shuga, insulin ndiyo njira yokhayo yochepetsera shuga, ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu 2, cholinga chake chimafunikanso nthawi zina (kutenga pakati, opaleshoni, kubwezeretsa shuga).
Onse odwala matenda ashuga omwe amalembedwa insulin amafunika kudziwa ngati angatenge insulini, chifukwa kubayidwa mobwerezabwereza kumatha kusokoneza moyo komanso kumaletsa kudya zakudya komanso kutsatira malamulo ena.
Udindo wa insulin mthupi
Insulin m'thupi imakhudza mitundu yonse ya kagayidwe. Koma choyambirira chimakhudza kagayidwe kazakudya. Ntchito yayikulu ya insulini ndikusuntha kwa glucose mu cell kudzera mu nembanemba. Minofu ndi adipose, yomwe m'thupi imapanga pafupifupi 68% ya kulemera konse kwa thupi, imadalira kwambiri insulin.
Kutupa, kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi kayendedwe ka magazi zimatengera ntchito ya minofu, minofu ya adipose imasunga mphamvu m'thupi. Ndi kupanda kwa insulini, ziwalo zonse zimavutika, ziwalo zovuta kwambiri ndi ubongo ndi mtima. Chifukwa cha kusamwa kwambiri kwa shuga, ma cell osasintha amasintha mwa iwo.
Kutha kutsitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'thupi kumachitika ndi insulin yokha. Katunduyu amagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito njira zotsatirazi:
- Kumwenso kwa glucose ndi zinthu zina ndi ma cell kumatheka.
- Ntchito za ma enzymes omwe amaphwanya glucose ndikutulutsa mphamvu (mu mawonekedwe a ATP) amawonjezeka.
- Glycogen kaphatikizidwe kamene kamatuluka mu glucose, kamene kamayikidwa m'chiwindi ndi minofu (ngati malo osungira).
- Mapangidwe a shuga m'chiwindi amachepetsa.
Zotsatira za insulin pa kagayidwe kazakudya ndizopangitsa kuti ma amino acid akhale ambiri, potaziyamu, magnesium ndi phosphate ndi maselo, komanso zimathandizira kubwereza kwa DNA ndi kaphatikizidwe ka mapuloteni. Insulin imachepetsa kuwonongeka kwa mapuloteni.
Insulin imayendetsa kagayidwe ka mafuta posintha glucose kukhala triglycerides ndikuchepetsa kuchepa kwamafuta. Ndiye kuti, insulin imathandiza kusunga mafuta.
Mukatha kudya, kuchuluka kwa glucose amadzuka, poyankha izi, kapamba amatulutsa insulin. Masewera a shuga akagwera pansi pazonse, kutulutsidwa kwa insulin m'maselo a beta kumachepera, koma osaleka. Ma mahomoni a Contrinsular - glucagon, adrenaline ndi mahomoni ena opsinjika amayamba kulowa m'magazi, pambuyo pake kuchuluka kwa glucose kumakwera.
Mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga, kapamba amataya kutulutsa. Izi ndichifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa maselo a beta ndi njira za autoimmune, kuwonetsedwa ndi ma virus kapena zovuta zamtundu.
Palibe insulin, kuchuluka kwa glucose kumakula mofulumira. Kukana insulini kungayambitse kukomoka komanso kufa.
Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga umayamba pang'onopang'ono kuposa mtundu 1, womwe umapangidwa ndi insulini mwanjira wamba kapena ngakhale kuchuluka, koma ma insulin omwe amalandira maselo samayankha, glucose sangadutse nembanemba ndipo amakhala m'magazi.
Kuwonjezeka kwa shuga m'magulu 1 a shuga a 2 amavulaza mitsempha yam'magazi, kuchititsa zovuta mu:
- Matenda a shuga
- Neuropathies ndikupanga zilonda zam'mimba zosachiritsa (phazi la matenda ashuga).
- Kuwonongeka kwa impso - nephropathy.
- Arthropathy.
- Diso lakumaso ndi matenda ashuga retinopathy.
- Encephalopathy
- Chitetezo chokwanira chikutsika.
Odwala odwala matenda ashuga amakhala ndi matenda opatsirana komanso fungus, omwe, osakwanira kubwezeredwa, ndiovuta, komanso zovuta.
Palinso kuchepa kwamphamvu kwa mankhwala opha maantibayotiki ndi mankhwala antifungal.
Kupereka ndikuchotsa insulin mwa odwala matenda ashuga
Matenda a shuga amtundu wa 1 ndi chidziwitso chokwanira cha insulin. Zikatero, ndiye mankhwala okhawo omwe amachotsa matenda oopsa a shuga m'magazi. Jakisoni wa matenda a shuga sangathe kuchiza matendawa;
"Lumikizani insulin" yokhala ndi matenda a shuga 1. Ngati mungatsatire zakudya ndikutsatira zoyenera kuchitidwa mthupi, mutha kukwaniritsa kuchepetsa. Kufunso - kodi ndizotheka kukana insulin pamene mukukhala bwino ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga, endocrinologists amapereka yankho lenileni.
Muyenera kubaya insulini kuti iwoneke ngati kutulutsa kwachilengedwe kwa mahomoni. Nthawi zambiri, insulin imapangidwa mosalekeza (basal secretion) pafupifupi gawo limodzi pa ola limodzi. Nthawi ya chakudya, gawo limodzi la insulin limatulutsidwa kwa 10 g iliyonse ya chakudya. Chifukwa chake, jakisoni m'modzi wa insulin sangathe kukhalabe ndi shuga m'magazi.
Ma insulin omwe akhala akuchita kwa nthawi yayitali, Lantus ndi Levemir, adapangidwa, amatha kubayidwa kamodzi, koma machitidwewo ndizovuta kudziwa mlingo womwe ungagwire ntchito tsiku limodzi mkati mwa malire ake, kotero kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo kumakhala limodzi ndi hypoglycemia. Jakisoni wambiri yemwe amapangidwa, ndiye kuti amayandikira kwambiri kutulutsa kwakakhazikika kwa mahomoni.
Malangizo pa kusankhidwa kwa nthawi ya kukonzekera kwa insulin komanso pafupipafupi makonzedwe angakhazikitsidwe kokha kuchokera ku endocrinologist mukamafufuza mbiri ya wodwala. Kuphatikiza apo, zaka, kuchuluka kwa zolimbitsa thupi ndi matenda okhudzana ndi izi ziyenera kukumbukiridwa.
Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, kusinthika kwa mankhwala a insulini kungafunike pazinthu zotere:
- Mimba
- Myocardial infaration.
- Ischemic kapena hemorrhagic stroke yaubongo.
- Kuchepetsa thupi pang'onopang'ono ndi chakudya chamagulu.
- Ketoacidosis.
- Opanga Opaleshoni.
- Matenda opatsirana opatsirana (ndi kuthekera kwa purulent ndi septic complication).
- Matenda a shuga osaperekedwa.
Ngati ali ndi matenda a shuga, kuchuluka kwa glucose kosala kumaposa 7.85 mmol / L ndi thupi labwinobwino, kapena kuposa 15 mmol / L ndi kulemera kulikonse; Mapuloteni amtundu wa C amachepetsedwa akayesedwa ndi glucagon, hemoglobin wa glycosylated pamwamba 9% ndi umboni wa matenda ashuga osawerengeka.
Wodwala akalandira chithandizo chamankhwala, amatsatira zakudya ndipo amakhala ndi njira yovomerezeka yochitira masewera olimbitsa thupi, ndipo kuchuluka kwa glucose sikungachepe, ndiye kuti insulini ingalembedwe.
Zikatero, zimakhala zotheka kuti muchotse kudalira kwa insulin ngati kunali kotheka kukhazikitsa kagayidwe kazakudya. Kuyesedwa kwa magazi kwa hemoglobin ya glycated mkati mwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi kuyenera kuwonetsa kuchepa kwa mulingo woyenera.
Kukhala ndi mwana kungachititse kuti matenda a metabolism azikhala mwa azimayi omwe amasintha insulin panthawi yapakati. Chifukwa chake, atabereka mwana, pang'onopang'ono amatha kuchoka ku insulin ndikubwerera pamapiritsi ochepetsa shuga.
Zinthu za kuphatikiza insulin
Pewani insulin mu mtundu 2 wa shuga ngati chisonyezo chokhacho cha kuwonjezeka chinakwezedwa hemoglobin mu shuga. Pakupita miyezi 6, muyenera kubwereza phunziroli kawiri, ngati pakuchepa kuposa 1.5%, ndiye kuti mutha kukana jakisoni ndi kumwa mapiritsi.
Kuletsedwa kwathunthu kuchotsa jakisoni wa insulin popanda chilolezo cha dokotala, izi zingapangitse kuti pakhale matenda a shuga. Kubwerera pamiyeso yamapiritsi am'mbuyomu mapiritsi ndi njira yokhayo yocheperako pang'onopang'ono mu Mlingo wa insulin.
Ngati ndizosatheka kusiya kumwa mankhwalawo, ndiye kuti pali mwayi wochepetsa mlingo wake. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kusintha kadyedwe kuti zinthu zomwe zili mmenemo zisayambitse kuchuluka kwadzidzidzi mu shuga m'magazi (shuga ndi zinthu zonse zomwe zili nazo, zipatso zotsekemera, uchi, mankhwala a ufa, zakudya zamafuta, makamaka nyama).
Muyenera kuwongolera osati zokhazokha, komanso kuchuluka kwa chakudya. Pitilizani kumwa mowa - osachepera malita 1.5 patsiku lamadzi.
Kuphatikiza apo, kayendetsedwe ka mota ndizovomerezeka - kuyenda, masewera olimbitsa thupi, kusambira kapena yoga kwa odwala matenda ashuga. Ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse mphindi pafupifupi 150 pa sabata molimbitsa thupi. Muyeneranso kudziwa bwino masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso njira zopumulira. Njira zonsezi zimachepetsa kufunika kwa insulin. Kanemayo munkhaniyi akukamba za momwe insulin imayambira matenda ashuga.
