Mlingo wa shuga (shuga) m'magazi ndi chimodzi mwazofunikira kwambiri poyerekeza ndi kagayidwe kazinthu. Izi ndichifukwa choti glucose imapatsa mphamvu ziwalo zonse, makamaka ubongo ndi mtima zimadalira.
Nthawi zambiri, mutatha kudya, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumatha, kenako insulini imatulutsidwa, ndipo glucose amalowa m'maselo, amaphatikizidwa ndi njira za metabolic kuti thupi likhale ndi njira zofunika kwambiri.
Ngati insulin yokwanira ipangika, kapena zochitika za mahomoni otsutsana zimachuluka, komanso ngati maselo sayankha insulin, kuchuluka kwa glucose m'thupi kumakwera. Pankhani ya kukomoka kwa mahomoni kapena mankhwala osokoneza bongo ochepetsa shuga, chiwerengerochi chimachepa.
Zakudya Zabwino ndi Mwazi
Mwazi wamagazi umatsimikiziridwa ndikuwunika kuchuluka kwa glycemia. Chifukwa cha izi, kuyezetsa magazi kumachitika m'mawa, pamimba yopanda kanthu. Chakudya chotsiriza sichikhala mochedwa kuposa maola 8 musanayeze muyeso. Magazi abwinobwino amodzimodzi ndi amuna ndi akazi, kutengera zaka za wodwalayo:
- Kwa ana a zaka 3 mpaka zaka 14: 3.3 mpaka 5.6 mmol / L
- Pazaka kuyambira 14 mpaka 60: 4.1 - 5.9 mmol / L.
Chofunikira kwambiri chomwe kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumadalira ndikulinganiza pakati pa kudya kwake ndi chakudya komanso kuchuluka kwa insulin, yomwe imathandizira kuti ichotse magaziwo kupita m'maselo. Zakudya zokhala ndi chakudya chamafuta zimakhudza kwambiri shuga wamagazi.
Mwa kuthamanga kwa kuchuluka kwa shuga, amagawidwa kukhala osavuta komanso ovuta. Zakudya zamafuta osavuta zimayamba kumizidwa m'magazi m'mkamwa, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwawo muzakudya kumapangitsa kukula kwa glucose.
Izi ndi monga:
- Shuga, uchi, kupanikizana, madzi, kupanikizana.
- White ufa, mkate wonse ndi makeke opangidwa kuchokera kwa iwo - masikono, ma waffle, ma cookie, mikate yoyera, zopaka, makeke ndi makeke.
- Chokoleti
- Yotchera zakudya zochepera.
- Maswiti okoma ndi sodas.
- M nthochi, mphesa, madeti, zoumba, nkhuyu.
Zakudya zomanga thupi zophatikizika mu zakudya zimayimiriridwa ndi wowuma ndikugaya m'matumbo amafunikira kuti ziwonongeke. Pankhani ya kuyeretsa kuchokera ku fiber fiber - ufa, phala, timadziti, kuchuluka kwa glucose kumawonjezeka, ndipo minyewa yamasamba kapena chinangwa ikangowonjezereka, imatsika.
Mafuta a chakudya chamafuta amachepetsa ngati mafuta alipo ambiri: kuchokera ku chakudya chozizira, michere yamafuta imabwera m'matumbo pang'onopang'ono kuposa zakudya zopsa.
Metabolism ya Carbohydrate imasokonezedwanso ngati mukumwa zakumwa zoledzeretsa, zakudya zamafuta, makamaka mafuta, nyama yokazinga, offal, kirimu wowawasa, kirimu, chakudya chofulumira, masoseji, nyama zosuta ndi zakudya zam'chitini.
Matenda Oseketsa Mwazi wa Magazi
Choyambitsa chachikulu cha kusinthasintha kwa shuga m'magazi ndi shuga. Imagawidwa molingana ndi njira zopititsira patsogolo kukhala mitundu iwiri. Type Iabetes mellitus imachitika pamene ma cell a beta mu kapamba awonongeka.
Izi zitha kukhala chifukwa cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kukula kwa zochita za autoimmune, momwe kupanga ma antibodies ku cell omwe amapanga insulin kumayamba. Choyambitsa matenda a shuga 1 chodziwika bwino kwambiri ndicho chibadwa chatsopano.
Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga umachitika popanda kusinthika kapena kuchuluka kwa insulini, koma minyewa yolandila minofu imayamba kugonjetsedwa ndi zotsatira zake. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, mtundu wachiwiri umakhala 95% ya onse omwe amapezeka ndi matenda a shuga. Kupewa matenda a shuga a 2 kukugwirizana mwachindunji ndi zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa. Mpaka pano, zinthu zotsatirazi zadziwika:
- Kunenepa kwambiri, makamaka mafuta.
- Zochita zolimbitsa thupi.
- Kusakhazikika kwamalingaliro, kupsinjika, kuvutika kwamanjenje.
- Matenda a kapamba.
- Kukwezedwa magazi mafuta m'thupi, atherosulinosis.
- Matenda a shuga kwa abale apamtima.
- Matenda a chithokomiro, komanso ndulu ya adrenal kapena gitu.
Matenda a shuga amawonjezeka ndi zaka, motero shuga, monga cholesterol yamagazi, amayenera kuwunikira pambuyo pa zaka 40 osachepera kamodzi pachaka.
Ngati mwa amayi kutenga pakati kumayenderana ndi kumbuyo kwa shuga wambiri, mwana wosabadwayo amabadwa wolemera kuposa 4,5 makilogalamu kapena pali zovuta zapadera, njira yokhala ndi pakati, komanso ma polycystic ovomerezeka, ichi chizikhala chifukwa chowunikira kagayidwe kazakudya kawirikawiri.
Shuga amatha kuchuluka kwa kapamba kapamba kapena kapamba, chifukwa njira yotupa ndi edema ya kapamba imakhudzanso maselo a timisamba ta Langerhans, omwe amapanga insulin. Pambuyo pa mankhwalawa, shuga amatha kubwerera mwakale, koma odwala oterewa amawonetsedwa kutsatira malamulo oletsa kudya osachepera miyezi isanu ndi umodzi.
Ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kapamba (hyperplasia), insulinoma kapena adenoma, komanso ndi kuperewera kwa mphamvu ya alpha - maselo omwe amapanga glucagon, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumatsika.
Mu hyperthyroidism, chifukwa cha mphamvu ya mahomoni a chithokomiro, kukondoweza kwambiri kwa kupanga kwa insulin kumachitika poyamba, komwe pang'onopang'ono kumayambitsa kuperewera kwa pancreatic ndi kukula kwa hyperglycemia.
Pali lingaliro lomwe matenda ashuga ndi chithokomiro amapanga chifukwa cha autoimmune.
Kuwonongeka kwa carbohydrate kagayidwe kamatha kukhala ndi matenda a adrenal gland ndi pituitary gland:
- Hyperglycemia imachitika ndi pheochromocytoma, acromegaly, Cushing's syndrome, somatostatinoma.
- Shuga wochepetsedwa (hypoglycemia) amapezeka ndi matenda a Addison, adrenogenital syndrome.
Nthawi yovuta kwambiri yamitsempha yam'mimba kapena kuphwanya kwa magazi m'thupi (sitiroko) imatha kutsagana ndi kukwera kwambiri kwa shuga m'magazi. Viral hepatitis ndi chotupa njira m'matumbo ndi m'mimba nthawi zambiri kumachitika ndi shuga wochepa m'magazi.
Ndi njala yayitali kapena malabsorption m'matumbo okhala ndi malabsorption syndrome, shuga wamagazi amachepa. Malabsorption amatha kubereka mu cystic fibrosis kapena kukhala mu matenda am'mimba, chifuwa chachikulu, komanso matenda amitsempha.
Mankhwala ochepetsa shuga
Kumwa mankhwala kungathenso kuthana ndi kayendedwe kazakudya zam'mimba: diuretics, makamaka thiazides, estrogens, glucocorticoid mahomoni, beta-blockers, nthawi zambiri osasankha, amachititsa hyperglycemia. Kutenga tiyi wa khofi m'magawo akulu, kuphatikizapo mphamvu zamagetsi kapena zakumwa zamafuta, mumakweza shuga.
Kuchepetsa shuga: insulin, mankhwala antidiabetesic - Metformin, Glucobay, Manninil, Januvia, salicylates, antihistamines, anabolic steroids ndi amphetamine, amathanso kuchepa ndi kuledzera.
Kwa bongo, kusowa kwa glucose kumavulaza kuposa chowonjezera. Chifukwa chake, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti odwala matenda ashuga nthawi zonse amakhala ndi mapiritsi a glucose kapena maswiti nawo, kuti ndi zizindikiro za kutsika kwa shuga m'magazi, azitha kukweza msanga. Uchi, tiyi wokoma, mkaka ofunda, mphesa zamphesa, msuzi uliwonse kapena chakumwa chokoma chitha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito pazolinga izi.
Psychological hyperglycemia (pakalibe matenda) imatha kukhala ndi zolimbitsa thupi zolimbitsa thupi, kusuta. Kutulutsidwa kwa mahomoni opsinjika - adrenaline ndi cortisol omwe ali ndi kutengeka kwamphamvu kwamphamvu, mantha, mkwiyo, vuto lakupweteketsanso, ndi chifukwa chokulira kwakanthawi kwamapazi a shuga.
Zochita zolimbitsa thupi kwambiri kapena nthawi yayitali, kupanikizika kwamaganizidwe, kutentha kwamphamvu m'matenda opatsirana kumayambitsa kuchepa kwa shuga m'magazi.
Anthu athanzi amatha kuwona zizindikiro za shuga m'magazi (chizungulire, kupweteka mutu, thukuta, manja akunjenjemera) ndi madzi osowa madzi komanso kudya zakudya zotsekemera kwambiri. Pambuyo pa kudya kwambiri shuga wosavuta, kutulutsidwa kwa insulin kumawonjezeka kwambiri ndipo kumachepetsa shuga.
Pa nthawi yoyembekezera komanso musanayambe kusamba, azimayi amatha kukumana ndi vuto la kuchepa kwa chakudya chifukwa cha zotsatira za kusintha kwa kuchuluka kwa estrogen ndi progesterone. Kusintha kowopsa kwa shuga m'magazi kumayenderana ndi kusamba. Kanemayo munkhaniyi akufotokozerani zomwe shuga ayenera kukhala.
