Mwazi wamagazi mwa munthu wathanzi yemwe alibe ngakhale chizolowezi chokhala ndi matenda opatsirana a shuga amayamba kuchuluka atatha kudya. Izi zimachitika makamaka ola limodzi mutatha kudya.
Glucose, yomwe idalowa m'thupi la munthu limodzi ndi chakudya, imakhala ngati mphamvu, yofunikira kuti munthu aliyense agwire ntchito. Ngati sichoncho, ndiye kuti "munthu sangathe kusuntha."
Magazi a shuga mthupi amatha kusiyanasiyana tsiku lonse, ndipo izi zimakhazikitsidwa pazinthu zambiri: kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamafuta, kuchuluka kwa zochita zolimbitsa thupi, kupsinjika, mantha, ndi zina zambiri.
Shuga mwa munthu wathanzi amadzuka kwambiri atatha kudya. Komabe, nthawi yochepa imadutsa, ndipo imakhalanso yofananira. Malinga kuti thupi lilibe njira yokhudzana ndi matenda a shuga.
Kodi mukuyenera kuganizira za kuchuluka kwa shuga zomwe zingachitike mutatha kudya? Ndipo kuchuluka kwa shuga kumatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji?
Makhalidwe wamba a shuga mwa anthu athanzi
Mwa anthu omwe samadwala matenda a shuga, kuchuluka kwa shuga mthupi kumatha kutuluka pambuyo poti mwamwa. Izi zimakhazikitsidwa ndikupanga shuga, yomwe imamasulidwa ku chakudya chomwe chimadza.
Kenako, zopatsa mphamvu zomwe "zatulutsidwa" pachakudya zimathandizira kuti gawo lamagetsi lipitirire kugwira ntchito kwathunthu kwa ziwalo zamkati ndi machitidwe a thupi.
Kusokonezeka kwa kagayidwe kazakudya kungakhudzenso shuga m'thupi. Komabe, munthawi imeneyi, kupatuka kuzinthu wamba sikutanthauza konse, ndipo, kawirikawiri, shuga imasintha mkati mwa manambala ofunikira, mwachangu mokwanira.
Musanandiuze tanthauzo la shuga wam'magazi mutadya mwa munthu wathanzi, muyenera kudziwa bwino zomwe zikuchitika komanso zomwe zikuchitika pamimba yopanda kanthu:
- Zomwe zimadziwika kuti ndizopanga shuga, zomwe sizotsika kuposa 3.3, koma osati apamwamba kuposa mayunitsi a 5.5.
- Manambalawa amakhazikitsidwa pamimba yopanda kanthu, nthawi zambiri amavomerezeka machitidwe azachipatala. Ndipo musadalire jenda la munthuyo.
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti pali kusiyanasiyana kwinakwake kwa shuga wamba malinga ndi zaka. Mwachitsanzo, mwa anthu achikulire, malire apamwamba kwambiri amakhala apamwamba, ndipo ali 6.1-6.2 mayunitsi.
Nawonso, mu ana ang'ono ndi achinyamata mpaka zaka 11-12, mfundo zomwe zimakhala zotsika pang'ono poyerekeza ndi mfundo za akulu zimawerengedwa ngati zisonyezo zabwino.
Nthawi zonse mukatha kudya
Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, shuga amatha kudya pambuyo chakudya. Ngati zonse zili molongosoka ndi thanzi, ndiye kuti nthawi iliyonse mukatha kudya, mutha kuwona kuchepa kwapang'onopang'ono kwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'thupi.
Ziwerengero zamankhwala zikuwonetsa kuti amayi ali ndi chizolowezi chachikulu chotenga matenda a shuga. Udindo wofunikira pankhaniyi umaseweredwa ndi momwe thupi la amayi limagwirira ntchito, komanso kusiyana kwawo ndi kapangidwe ka amuna.
Oyimira amuna ogonana olimba samatetezeka ku matendawa. Asayansi amati izi zimakhudza kusiyanasiyana kwamankhwala a mahomoni.
Pazakudya zomwe munthu amadya wathanzi, mutha kumuuza izi:
- Ndizovomerezeka ngati chizindikiro cha glucose mutatha kudya chiziwonjezeka mpaka magawo 8.0-9.0.
- Popita nthawi (pafupifupi maola awiri itatha itatha chakudya), manambalawa ayenera kuchuluka mkati mwa magawo 3.3-5.5.
Mwa akazi, mutadya shuga umatuluka, ndipo malire ake amatha kufikira mayunitsi a 8.9, omwe ndi abwinobwino, ndipo sikuti akupatuka kuchokera ku ziwerengero zovomerezeka. Popita nthawi, pang'onopang'ono, shuga m'magazi amayamba kutsika pang'onopang'ono, ndikukhazikika pamlingo wazomwewo pambuyo pa maola awiri ndi atatu.
Ndi nthawi imeneyi pomwe thupi limafunanso "chakudya." Mwanjira ina, munthu amadzuka ndi njala, akufuna kudya. Koma amuna, nawonso amakhala ndi misambo yofananira atatha kudya monga momwe zimakhalira ndi akazi.
Chochititsa chidwi: mwa akazi, shuga m'magazi amasinthidwa mwachangu kukhala chinthu chamagetsi, komanso amamwetsedwa mwachangu. Chifukwa cha izi, azimayi, m'malo mwa abambo, amatha kukhala ndi mano okoma.
Matenda a shuga ndi matenda amibadwo yonse, ndipo zamatsenga zimapezeka kawirikawiri kwa ana. Mu mwana, kuchuluka kwa glucose atatha kudya kumatha kuchuluka mpaka magawo 8.0 (ola loyamba mukatha kudya), ndipo izi ndi zomwe zimachitika.
Pa nthawi yobereka, machitidwe onse ndi ziwalo zamkati zamthupi, zomwe zimasinthasintha pakubala kwa mwana, amasintha magwiridwe ake.
Kwa azimayi oyembekezera, shuga ponseponse pamimba yopanda kanthu imachokera ku zigawo za 4.0 mpaka 6.0. Ndipo mutatha kudya, zizindikirozi zimatha kukula mpaka magawo 9,0, ndipo izi ndizochita.
Zolemba za kuyesa kwa shuga
Kwa mayeso a shuga wamagazi, kuyezetsa magazi kumapezeka. Mwambiri, dokotala amalimbikitsa kafukufuku wotere kuti atsimikizire kapena kutsutsa matenda a shuga, kuwunika momwe shuga ikuyendera komanso kusinthasintha kwa shuga.
Komanso kudziwa matenda a shuga (azimayi oyembekezera), kudziwa mtundu wa hypoglycemic (kuchepa kwa shuga m'thupi la munthu).
Kutengera zotsatira za zoyesa zomwe zimapezeka mu labotale, mutha kudziwa zomwe zili pamwambapa, kapena kutsutsa kupezeka kwawo.
Kutolere kwakubadwa kwachilengedwe (magazi), komwe kwachitika maola angapo chakudya chikatha, zitha kuchitika pakatha mphindi 60. Chofunikira sichikhala pamimba yathunthu, chifukwa kuchuluka kwa chakudya kuyenera kukonzedwa.
Kuchita izi ndikofunikira kuti alembe kuchuluka kwa glucose okwanira. Mwanjira ina, chidwi chachikulu.
Zolemba za kafukufukuyu:
- Mutha kudya zakudya zilizonse, glucose azichulukitsa mulimonse.
- Chakudya chomaliza, mphindi 60 ziyenera kudutsa, koma mphindi zonse 120 ndi zabwinoko.
- Asanalembedwe magazi, zakudya zamagulu azakudya siziyenera kukondedwa (pokhapokha ngati ndichikhalidwe), chifukwa zotsatira zake zimakhala zolakwika.
- Simungathe kupereka magazi mutatha kumasulidwa ndi zakumwa zoledzeretsa. Izi zimabweretsa zizindikiritso za shuga zochuluka kwambiri komanso zabodza.
- Kuwunikaku sikukutaya pambuyo pakuchita zolimbitsa thupi, kuvulala, opaleshoni.
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti kwa amayi apakati ochita zamankhwala, njira zina zowunikira zalandiridwa, chifukwa chakuti nthawi imeneyi glucose wawo m'thupi amawonjezeka pang'ono.
Kuti akhazikitse kuchuluka kwa shuga mwa mayi wapakati, madzi amthupi am'mimba amatengedwa pamimba yopanda kanthu.
Kukweza shuga mukatha kudya: zoyambitsa ndi zothetsera
Kafukufukuyu atawonetsa kuti shuga m'magazi ndi apamwamba kuposa zigawo 11.1, izi zikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'thupi, chifukwa chotsatira cha matenda a shuga kapena matenda ena am'mimba.
Zomwe zimayambitsa kuwonjezeka kwa shuga mthupi la munthu zimasiyanitsidwa: vuto lopanikizika, kuphwanya kwa mtima, kutenga mitundu yayikulu yamankhwala ena, matenda a Itsenko-Cushing, mahomoni ochulukirapo.
Kafukufuku wina adafotokoza kuti, dokotalayo sazindikira kuti ali ndi matenda, amatha kungowonetsa matenda enaake. Kutsimikizira kukayikira kwawo (kapena kutsutsa), kuyesedwa kwachiwiri kumayikidwa.
Ngati kafukufuku wobwereza awonetsa zotsatira zofananira, ndiye kuti matenda a shuga akupezeka. Pambuyo mayeso amachitika kukhazikitsa mtundu wa matenda.
Kupitilira apo, dokotala angalimbikitse izi:
- Mtundu woyamba wa matenda, insulin imaperekedwa nthawi yomweyo. Mlingo komanso kuchuluka kwa jakisoni zimatsimikiziridwa payekhapayekha. Mtundu wa matenda a shuga 1, chithandizo cha insulin cha moyo wonse chimasonyezedwa.
- Ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda, dokotala amayesa kuthana ndi njira zosagwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa. Amalimbikitsa kuti musinthe moyo wanu, kudya moyenera, kusewera masewera.
Mosasamala mtundu wamatenda a shuga, muyenera kuyang'anira shuga yanu nthawi zonse. Kuchita izi kumathandizira "kupitiliza kuphunzira", osabweretsa zowonjezereka.
Pogwiritsa ntchito masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso kudya zakudya zama carb ochepa, ndizotheka kulipira chiphuphu cha matenda ashuga a 2 munthawi yochepa kwambiri.
Kuzungulira kwa shuga
Mukatha kudya, munthu samangokhala ndi vuto la hyperglycemic (kuchuluka kwa shuga m'thupi), komanso mkhalidwe wa hypoglycemic. Ndiye kuti, kuchuluka kwa glucose mukatha kudya kumachepetsedwa kwambiri.
Ngati shuga mumthupi la akazi nthawi zonse amakhala ochepera 2.3 mayunitsi, ndipo kugonana kolimba kumakhala kochepa kwambiri kuposa mayunitsi 2.7, ndiye izi zikuwonetsa chitukuko cha insulinoma - kapangidwe kazotupa kamene kamachitika chifukwa chogwira ntchito kwambiri m'maselo a pancreatic.
Chithunzithunzi chotere chikawoneka, ndiye kuti njira zowunika zowunika zimafunikira kuti apange chotupa. Ndipo izi ndizofunikira kuti tipewe kukula kwa maselo a khansa.
Mutha kuyankhula za boma la hypoglycemic ndi izi:
- Mkulu wama glucose akamawonedwa musanadye, ndiye kuti, pamimba yopanda kanthu, osapitilira mayunitsi 3.2.
- Ndipo phindu la glucose mukatha kudya limachokera ku mayunitsi 4.0 mpaka 5.5.
Zakudya zolakwika ndi kadyedwe koyenera zimatha kubweretsa mkhalidwe wamtunduwu wa thupi. Njira yothandizira matendawa ndiyoti kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta ochulukitsira ambiri kumabweretsa chisokonezo chamkati chomwe chimapanga insulin.
Chifukwa chake, imayamba kugwira ntchito "mwachangu", mahomoni ambiri amatulutsidwa, glucose amatengeka mwachangu pama cellular, chifukwa chake, pokha pokha pomwe shuga ya magazi imakhala m'malire ovomerezeka.
Ngati munthu ali ndi ludzu, nthawi zambiri amapita kuchimbudzi, ndipo patapita nthawi yochepa atatha kudya, amafunanso kudya, izi ndizoyambitsa nkhawa. Ndikofunikira kufunsa dokotala kuti mupeze zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa. Kanemayo munkhaniyi akufotokozerani za momwe shuga ayenera kukhalira.
