Kuyambika kwa matenda ashuga ndiko kubwezeretsa matendawa, kuopseza moyo ndi chisamaliro chamankhwala mosayembekezereka.
Mitundu ya matenda ashuga
Kutengera zifukwa zomwe zimalimbikitsa kukoka, akhoza kugawidwa m'magulu oyenera:
- hyperglycemia;
- hypoglycemia;
- ketoacidosis.
Mavuto azadzidzidzi a matenda ashuga ali ndi zomwe amayambitsa ndi zizindikiro zawo. The kupezeka kwa pachimake zinthu zimakhudza zakukula kwa matenda. Kuyamba koyambirira kwamankhwala kumatha ndikukula kwa chikomokere, matenda a ubongo ndi imfa.
Ndikosavuta kuneneratu za kuukira. Zachipatala cha njira iliyonse mu magawo oyamba amabisika pansi pa chida chachikulu cha matenda.
Chipatala chamtundu uliwonse wa matenda obadwa ndi shuga chimabisidwa ndimayendedwe a concomitant pathology.
Njira zoyambira zopangira matenda amtundu wa metabolic zimakhala zovuta kwambiri pamavuto, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, komanso kusowa zakudya m'thupi. Choopsa chachikulu ndicho kuwonongeka kwa matenda ashuga a mtundu 2 kwa okalamba.
Hyperglycemia
Amadziwika ndi kuwonjezeka kwakuthwa kwa shuga m'magazi. Kuphwanya insulin popanga maselo a kapamba kumabweretsa chitukuko.
Pazifukwa zingapo, kukhazikitsidwa kwa kusintha kwa kagayidwe kazakudya, kuchuluka kwa mahomoni amtundu wa contra kumakwera. Kuphwanya malamulo kotereku kumapangitsa kuti shuga agulidwe kwambiri, kuphwanya kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake.
Kufikira gawo lovuta, glucose amawonekera mkodzo, polyuria, polydipsia amakula. Mawonekedwe amankhwala amatengera cholowa chaimpso. Kusowa kwa madzimadzi munthawi imeneyi kumadzetsa kuchepa mphamvu kwa thupi, komwe m'masiku ochepa kumatha ndikukula kwa hyperosmolar coma.
Hypoglycemia
Kukodwa kwamtunduwu kumadziwika ndi kusakwanira kapena zochitika zochepa zamahomoni olimbana ndi mahomoni. Pokhala ndi shuga wambiri m'magazi, njira zomwe zimayambitsa dongosolo la sympathyadrenal zimayamba. Kupezeka kwa kuukira kumatengera ndende ndi kuchepa kwa glycemia.
Mtundu wa kuwola kumachitika mwa odwala omwe amamwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Hypoglycemia yamtunduwu imayamba ndikusintha kwa pharmacokinetics ya mankhwala ena.
Ketoacidosis
Kuukira kwamtunduwu kumachitika motsutsana ndi maziko a kufooka thupi kwambiri. Shuga wamagazi samatengekedwa ndi maselo amthupi, chosowa mphamvu chimapangidwa. Insulin yokwanira ya m'magazi imapangitsa kuti ma lipids agwiritsidwe ntchito ngati mphamvu. Mukukonzekera mafuta oxidation, matupi a ketone amapangidwa, omwe amawonjezera acidity ya magazi, amayambitsa kuledzera kwamthupi.
Kukula kwa ketoacidosis kumakhala kofala kwambiri ndi mtundu wina wodwala womwe umadalira insulin. Mitundu yonse ya metabolism imaphwanyidwa, chowopseza cha chikomokere ndi imfa chimapangidwa.
Zoyambitsa kuukiridwa
Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a hyperglycemia mu shuga ndi monga:
- kuchita zolimbitsa thupi kwambiri;
- kulephera kwaimpso;
- nthawi yayitali yovuta;
- matenda opatsirana;
- zakudya zopatsa mphamvu zopatsa mphamvu zambiri.
Chomwe chimakonda kwambiri pazosankha zonse ndikuphwanya malangizo pakugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala.
Hypoglycemia imayamba chifukwa cha mankhwala osokoneza bongo a insulin. Zomwe zimathandizira kuti chikhalidwe cha hypoglycemic chichitike ndi izi:
- kupsinjika kwakukulu, kwanthawi yayitali;
- kuphwanya zakudya;
- matenda a virus omwe amachepetsa chitetezo chokwanira;
- uchidakwa
- zovuta za endocrine.
Odwala onse amafunikira kusintha kwa mankhwala a hypoglycemic motsutsana ndi maziko a mankhwala ena. Izi zikuthandizira kupewa kukula kwa hypoglycemia.
Choyambitsa chachikulu cha kuukira kwa ketoacidosis ndi insulin yokwanira m'magazi. Zinthu zingapo zikuluzikulu zomwe zimayambitsa kuukira zadziwika. Izi zikuphatikiza ndi izi:
- osankhidwa bwino mankhwala;
- kusagwirizana ndi malingaliro azachipatala;
- kuphwanya boma ndi zakudya;
- matenda opatsirana pachimake;
- pachimake mtima pathologies;
- kuvulala ndi maopaleshoni;
- matenda a endocrine;
- zovuta zowopsa;
- kulephera kwaimpso;
- mimba
Nthawi zambiri, mavuto amatha kupewedwa ndikumamatira malamulo a odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, ndikusamalidwa kwakanthawi.
Zizindikiro za Matenda A shuga
Mavuto owopsa a chiphunzitsochi posiyanitsa ndi shuga wambiri amadziwika ndi zizindikiro zowoneka bwino komanso kukula msanga.
Kuukira glycemia, osasamalidwa, kukhoza kufa.
Pa milingo ya glycemia yoposa 10 mmol / l, zizindikiro zotsatirazi zimawonekera:
- ludzu losalekeza;
- youma mucous nembanemba;
- kukodza pafupipafupi
- kuwonda;
- kupuma kwambiri;
- mavuto a dyspeptic.
Kufunafuna chithandizo chamankhwala mosadzaza kumabweretsa chitukuko cha hyperosmolar coma.
Kutsika kwa shuga kwa 2,5 mmol / l kumayendetsedwa ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi:
- kutsekeka kwa khungu;
- kuzirala, kuchuluka kwa chinyezi cha khungu;
- chisokonezo m'malo;
- palpitations
- mota, vuto lakumalankhula;
- kusintha kwamachitidwe;
- kukokana
- kulephera kudziwa.
Chithunzi cha matenda azadzidzidzi chimakula mofulumira, patangopita maola ochepa. Kuukira komwe sikusiyidwa popanda chifukwa kumatha kupha.
Ketoacidosis imayamba pang'onopang'ono. Kuzindikira kumawonedwa nthawi zambiri ngati chiwonetsero cha matenda ena. Ndikofunikira kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.
Zizindikiro za ketoacidosis ndi:
- kufooka kwakukulu;
- kutopa;
- mutu wofooketsa;
- kupuma pafupipafupi, kwamphamvu;
- khungu lowuma
- kuchepa kwa chakudya;
- zizindikiro za dyspeptic;
- kupweteka kwam'mimba;
- kusokonezeka kwa chikumbumtima.
Chizindikiro chapadera cha ketoacidosis ndi fungo la acetone kuchokera mkamwa.
Chizindikiro chodziwika chifukwa cha kudzikundikira kwa matupi a ketone m'thupi ndi kununkhira kwa acetone kuchokera mkamwa. Palibe chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zingayambitse zovuta zomwe siziyenera kuyilidwa.
Thandizo loyamba
Mkhalidwe wa hypoglycemic uyenera kuyimitsidwa nthawi yomweyo. Zizindikiro zoyambirira zikaonekera, wodwalayo amapatsidwa chakumwa cha shuga, kudya maswiti, shuga. Wodwala waikidwa pambali pake kuti apewe kusanza ndi masanzi. Ndi kukhudzidwa kosagwedezeka, ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse kuluma kwa lilime, kuti mutsimikizire msewu.
Kusamalidwa kwa dokotala pa prehospital siteji imapangidwa ndi njira ya 40% ya shuga. Mphindi 30 zilizonse, misinkhu ya shuga imayang'aniridwa. Ngati ndi kotheka, njirayi imabwerezedwa mpaka kutentha kwina kwa thupi, kumveka bwino kwa chikumbumtima, matenda a boma. Ntchito yayikulu ndikuchotsa njala yamafuta, zotsatira zake zomwe zimadziwika ndi kusokoneza ziwalo, kusintha kosasinthika.
Odwala a hyperglycemia ndi ketoacidosis amafunikira insulin mwachangu. Pa gawo la prehospital, ndi mtundu uliwonse wamatenda otero, ndikofunikira kuyamba chithandizo cha madzi m'thupi. Makamaka insulin yokhala ndi jakisoni nthawi yayitali ndivomerezeka. Ogwira ntchito zamankhwala amapereka kuwongolera ndi kukonza ntchito za kupuma, mtima.
Mankhwala othandizira
Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo amakhala m'chipinda chachipatala chothandizira kwambiri. Kuchuluka kwa chisamaliro chodzidzimutsa ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira zingapo zobwezeretsanso kuchepa kwamadzi, ma elekitiroferi, komanso kusintha matenda moyenera asidi. Mankhwala a insulin amachitika mosalekeza mosapumira kwa mahomoni osakhalitsa. Chithandizo cha Zizindikiro zimachitika pofunikira. Njira ya maantibayotiki imayikidwa.
Ndi shuga otsika kwambiri, mbiri ya glycemic, zakudya, ndi concomitant pathology imakonzedwa. Woopsa, pokonzekera insulin, mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwapadera. Muyenera kufufuza bwino.
Njira zopewera
Cholinga cha njira zopewera kupewa ndikuchepetsa kusinthasintha kwa glycemia. Odwala amaphunzitsidwa maluso ofunikira akamagwira ntchito yomwe imafuna nthawi yayitali, komanso masewera olimbitsa thupi. Posintha zakudya zopatsa mphamvu, zakudya zomwe zimaperekedwa, kutsata kuyesa kwa magazi, mutha kulepheretsa kuukira.
Kupewa ketoacidosis kumayambira ndi kupezeka kwa Mlingo woyenera wa mankhwala ochepetsa shuga. Ndikofunikanso kutsatira mosamalitsa zakudya, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kwakanthawi, kuyeza kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.
Kuphatikizika kwa njira zodzitetezera kumaphatikiza maphunziro okakamizidwa muzizindikiro za kuwonongeka kwa matenda, zofunikira pazochitika zotere.
