Matenda a shuga ndi matenda osachiritsika omwe amafunikira kuwunikidwa nthawi zonse m'moyo wonse kuti muchepetse zovuta. Kuwongolera matenda a shuga kumakhala muyezo wopitilira muyeso wa shuga, kadyedwe, masewera olimbitsa thupi ndi mankhwala, ngati madokotala atakufotokozerani.
Ngati simutsatira malingaliro a dokotala, kudumpha mukamamwa mankhwala kapena jakisoni, kupezeka kwa shuga wambiri (gluclycemic state) mpaka pomwe shuga ndi magawo 30.
Chizindikiritso chotere chimadziwika ndi zoopsa kwambiri, kuthekera kwakukulu kwa kukula kwa zovuta zingapo, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kufunsa dokotala kuti mudziwe zomwe zimayambitsa kuphwanya.
Ngati shuga adadumpha mpaka magawo 30 kapena kuposerapo, choti achite pamenepa, ndipo ndi zifukwa ziti zomwe zimathandizira?
Momwe mungachepetse shuga?
Miyezo ya shuga yamagazi imatha kufikira milingo yayikulu kwambiri, ndipo 30 mmol / L ili kutali kwambiri. Mkhalidwe wa hyperglycemic uwu umadziwika ndi chiwopsezo chachikulu, chifukwa ketoacidosis ndipo chikomokere chidzabwera posachedwa.
Momwe mungachepetse misempha, ndipo ndi chithandizo chiti chofunikira? Chochita choyambirira cha odwala matenda ashuga ndikupempha thandizo kwa dokotala. Tsoka ilo, kulimbana ndi vutoli panokha, mosakayikira sizigwira ntchito.
Pambuyo pake, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuwunika zomwe mumadya. Ndizotheka kuti kudumphadumpha kwakuthwa mu glucose ndiko kunali chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito chakudya choyipa. Poterepa, akuyenera kuchita njira zonse zochepetsa shuga.
Ngati munthu wodwala matenda ashuga ali ndi shuga m'magawo 30, ndiye kuti chakudya chokhacho chomwe ali nacho ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zakudya zomwe zili ndi mafuta ochepa. Mwanjira ina, chakudya chokhwima cha carb.
Matenda a glucose pafupi-fupi 30 akuwonetsa kuti ngati simuyamba kulandira chithandizo mwachangu, ndiye kuti wodwalayo ali pachiwopsezo chovuta kwambiri chovuta kwambiri, ngakhale kufa.
Tsoka ilo, mankhwala amakono sanapeze njira zatsopano zochepetsera shuga, chifukwa chake adotolo angalimbikitse izi:
- Zakudya zochepa za carb.
- Zochita zolimbitsa thupi.
- Mankhwala
- Kuwongolera shuga.
Tisaiwale kuti zakudya zamagulu ena zimapangitsa kuti odwala matenda ashuga azikhala pang'ono, chifukwa zimakuthandizani kuti mukhale ndi thanzi labwino komanso kuti muchepetse shuga, ngakhale atakhala kuti ndi wodwalayo komanso zaka zake.
Ngati zinthu zofunika zimatengedwa pakapita nthawi, ndiye kuti mkati mwa masiku 3-5, kuchuluka kwa shuga kwa magazi kumakhala kofanana monga momwe amafunikira.
Zomwe zingathandize kupewa matenda omwe amaphatikizana ndi shuga.
Kodi chifukwa chiyani shuga amawonjezeka?
Pamodzi ndi muyeso uti womwe uyenera kutengedwa kuti munthu akhale wathanzi komanso kuchepetsa zisonyezo za shuga, wodwalayo ayenera kudziwa chifukwa chomwe chinapangitsa kukwera kwake pamlingo wapamwamba kwambiri kotero kuti ndizotheka kupatula pamenepo mtsogolo.
Ngati shuga m'magazi ndi magawo 30, ndiye kuti zifukwa zake zingakhale zambiri - izi ndi mimba, kupsinjika, zovuta zamavuto, kusokonezeka kwa malingaliro. Kuphatikiza apo, amakulitsa kuwonjezeka kwa shuga ndi ma pathologies ang'onoang'ono.
Komabe, odwala matenda ashuga, monga lamulo, kuwonjezeka kwa shuga wamagazi kumachitika chifukwa chosagwiritsa ntchito bwino chakudya.
Nthawi zambiri, titha kusiyanitsa zifukwa zazikulu zomwe zimatsogolera kulumpha mu shuga mthupi la munthu:
- Kusintha kwa mahomoni m'thupi. Pankhaniyi, madontho a shuga amatha kuwoneka pakubala kwa mwana, musanafike msambo, nthawi yakusamba.
- Zakumwa zoledzeretsa, kusuta, mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Zizolowezi zoyipazi zimatha kuvulaza wodwala, nthawi yomweyo kumakweza shuga mpaka malire osaganizira.
- Kutengeka mtima. Monga momwe zamankhwala zimasonyezera, kuwongolera matenda ashuga ndi malingaliro abata. Kupsinjika ndi zochitika za manjenje sizingodutsa popanda kufufuza, zomwe zimapangitsa madontho akuthwa mu shuga la magazi.
- Zochita zolimbitsa thupi. Njira yokhala yogwira ntchito mosasamala imakhudza njira ya matenda ashuga, njira za metabolic zimalephereka kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti shuga awonjezeke. Koma kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi a matenda a shuga kungakhale kothandiza kwambiri.
Mwakutero, aliyense wodwala matenda ashuga amadziwa kuti mutatha kudya, shuga m'magazi amadzuka, popeza pakadali pano pali njira yogwira chakudya. Nthawi zambiri, chilichonse chimayenera kukhazikika mosakhalitsa kwakanthawi.
Komabe, zinthu zimakhala zosiyana pang'ono kwa odwala matenda ashuga. Pankhani imeneyi, kudya zakudya zopatsa thanzi ndi chifukwa chinanso chomwe chitha kuwonjezera shuga.
Chifukwa chiyani palibe insulin?
Nthawi zambiri zimachitika kuti odwala matenda ashuga omwe ali ndi mbiri ya mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga amafunsa adotolo, bwanji insulin siyothandiza? Amazindikira kuti akuwongolera kuchuluka kwa mahomoni munthawi yake, koma glucose amawasungabe pafupifupi magawo 20-30. Chifukwa chiyani izi zikuchitika?
Zowonadi, insulini sikuti nthawi zonse imakhala chitsimikizo kuti shuga m'magazi izikhala pamlingo wofunikira, ndipo kulumpha sikumachitika. Monga momwe masewera amasonyezera, ngakhale pa insulin, odwala ambiri amakhala ndi shuga wambiri.
Ndipo pali zifukwa zambiri za izi. Kungodziwa etiology ya kusagwira bwino ntchito kwa mankhwala a insulin kungathetse zinthu izi posalola kuchuluka kwa shuga. Nanga bwanji mahomoni samathandiza?
Ganizirani zomwe zimayambitsa:
- Mlingo wa mankhwalawa wasankhidwa molakwika.
- Palibe malire pakati pa zakudya ndi jakisoni a mahomoni.
- Wodwala samasunga bwino insulin.
- Mitundu iwiri ya insulin imasakanikirana mu syringe imodzi.
- Kuphwanya njira ya makonzedwe a mahomoni.
- Malo olakwika a insulin.
- Panali zosindikiza m'dera loyang'anira mahomoni.
- Chotsani singano mwachangu, gwiritsani ntchito zakumwa zoledzeretsa kupukuta.
Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuchitira mtundu 1 wa matenda a shuga ndi insulin. Ndipo pankhaniyi, pamene dokotala akuwonetsa kuyambitsa kwa mahomoni, amapatsa wodwalayo memo pomwe malamulo onse ndi malingaliro ake amapakidwa zakuda ndi zoyera. Amathandizira kuchita chilichonse moyenera, chomwe chimakupatsani mwayi wolamulira matenda ashuga.
Mwachitsanzo, ngati mukupukuta malo a jakisoni wamtsogolo ndi mowa, mphamvu ya insulin mankhwala imachepetsedwa ndi 10%. Ndipo ngati mutulutsira singano m'khungu, ndiye kuti mankhwalawa amatha kutayikira. Chifukwa chake, zimachitika kuti wodwala matenda ashuga sanapeze gawo lina lililonse la mahomoni.
Zisindikizo nthawi zambiri zimapangidwa pamalo opangira jakisoni wa insulin, chifukwa chake, kuti chithandizire bwino, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tizitha kulowa m'malo amodzi osapitilira 1 mwezi uliwonse.
Glucose 30 magawo: zovuta
Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, ngati shuga wamagazi a mayunitsi 30 aonedwa, ndiye kuti akuyenera kuchitapo kanthu kuti athandiziretu shuga ndikukhazikika m'malo oyenera. Mukapanda kuchita chilichonse, ndiye kuti posachedwa padzakhala zovuta.
Mkulu kwambiri shuga atha kutsogolera ku ketoacidosis. Chowonadi ndi chakuti thupi liyesa kugwiritsa ntchito kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa shuga kudzera mukuphwanyidwa kwa mafuta. Ndipo izi zimabweretsa kutulutsidwa kwa matupi a ketone, omwe ndi sumu za thupi.
Ketoacidosis amathandizira pokhapokha pazovomerezeka. Wodwalayo akulimbikitsidwa kuperekera insulin, atapanga kusowa kwa madzi mthupi, kulipirira kuchepa kwa mchere.
Zizindikiro za ketoacidosis:
- Mwazi wamagazi ambiri.
- Pafupipafupi ndi kupemphetsa pokodza.
- Kumva ludzu pafupipafupi.
- Kuchulukirachulukira.
- Mumkodzo, matupi a ketone.
- Zowonongeka.
- Ululu pamimba.
Kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa shuga kungayambitse kukula kwa chikomokere cha matenda ashuga, omwe amadziwika chifukwa cha kusazindikira, kusowa kwa chidwi. Vutoli limatha kupita patsogolo mofulumira, ndipo limatha kukula patsiku limodzi.
Ngati wodwala ali ndi vuto la chikomokere, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuyitanitsa gulu la ambulansi mwachangu. Matendawa amathandizidwa mchipatala okhaokha.
Chithunzi cha chipatala (zazikulu):
- Kuchepetsa mphamvu ya minofu.
- Chikumbumtima.
- Kuukira mseru, kusanza.
- Ululu pamimba.
- Tachycardia, kupuma kopanda phokoso.
- Mumakonda kukodza.
- Kuthamanga kwa magazi.
Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda a shuga, matenda oopsa a hyperosmolar nthawi zambiri amakula, popanda zizindikiro za ketoacidosis. Vutoli limatha kupweteketsedwa chifukwa cha opaleshoni, ntchito yosaoneka bwino ya impso, komanso mawonekedwe owopsa a kapamba.
Mosasamala mtundu wa shuga, matendawa amafunika kuwongolera mbali zonse: zakudya, zolimbitsa thupi, Mlingo wa mankhwala, njira zodzitetezera. Iyi ndiye njira yokhayo yolipirira chipangizochi komanso kupewa mavuto akulu. Kanemayo munkhaniyi athandiza kumvetsetsa bwino za shuga komanso kuchepetsa shuga moyenera.
