Mtundu woyamba wa shuga ndi matenda omwe amadalira insulin komanso mtundu wofala kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.
Malinga ndi ziwerengero zamankhwala, masiku ano padziko lapansi pali odwala pafupifupi 80 miliyoni omwe ali ndi vuto la mtunduwu. Munthawi imeneyi, pali malingaliro omwe akupitilira kukuwonjezereka kwa odwala omwe akudwala matenda a shuga.
Akatswiri azachipatala pakadali pano amatha bwino kuthana ndi mavuto obwera chifukwa cha chitukuko cha matendawa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zamankhwala zoyambira.
Ngakhale atachita bwino popewa matenda ashuga, mavuto amabwera omwe amakhudzana ndi kuwoneka kwa zovuta pakukula kwa mtundu woyamba wa matenda a shuga, omwe angafunike kufalikira kwa kapamba.
Malinga ndi ziwerengero zamankhwala, anthu odwala matenda a shuga amadzidalira, nthawi zambiri kuposa ena:
- khalani akhungu;
- kudwala kulephera kwa impso;
- Funafunani thandizo pochiza matenda osokoneza bongo
- Funafunani chithandizo mankhwalawa pakukhudza mtima ndi mtima.
Kuphatikiza pa mavutowa, zidapezeka kuti kuchuluka kwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga omwe ali ndi mtundu woyamba wa shuga ndi pafupifupi 30% kufupikirapo kuposa anthu omwe alibe matendawa ndipo samadwala matenda a shuga okwanira.
Njira zochizira matenda amtundu 1 shuga
Pakadali pano mankhwalawa, njira yamankhwala yothandizira matenda a shuga omwe amadalira insulin ndiwofala kwambiri. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa m'malo pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala okhala ndi insulin sikutha kukhala ogwira ntchito mokwanira, ndipo mtengo wa chithandizo chotere ndi wokwera kwambiri.
Kusakwanira kwenikweni kwa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala othandizira m'malo mwa mankhwalawa kumachitika chifukwa cha zovuta zosankhidwa zamankhwala, omwe mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mlingo wotere uyenera kusankhidwa muzochitika zonse, kukumbukira mawonekedwe onse a thupi la wodwalayo, zomwe zimakhala zovuta kuchita ngakhale kwa akatswiri odziwa za ma endocrinologists.
Zonsezi zidapangitsa madotolo kufufuza njira zatsopano zochizira matendawa.
Zifukwa zazikulu zomwe zidapangitsa asayansi kufufuza njira zatsopano zamankhwala ndizotsatirazi:
- Kuopsa kwa matendawa.
- Chikhalidwe cha matendawo.
- Pali zovuta pakusintha zovuta munthawi ya shuga.
Njira zamakono kwambiri zochizira matendawa ndi:
- njira zamankhwala othandizira;
- kupandukira kwa kapamba;
- kupandukira kwa kapamba;
- kufalikira kwa islet maselo a pancreatic minofu.
Mu shuga mellitus wa mtundu woyamba, thupi limawonetsa kuwonekera kwa kusintha kwa metabolic komwe kumachitika chifukwa chophwanya magwiridwe antchito a maselo a beta. Kusuntha kwa kagayidwe kachakudya kungathetsedwe ndikufalitsa ma cell a ma islets a Langerhans. Maselo amalo amtunduwu wa pancreatic ndiwo amachititsa kuphatikizika kwa insulin ya thupi m'thupi.
Opaleshoni yamatenda a shuga a pancreatic amatha kuwongolera ntchitoyi ndikuwongolera kupatuka kotheka mu njira za metabolic. Kuphatikiza apo, opaleshoni imatha kupewa kupitilirabe kwamatendawa ndikuwonekera m'thupi la zovuta zomwe zimakhudzana ndi matenda a shuga.
Opaleshoni yamtundu wa 1 wa matenda ashuga ndi zifukwa zomveka.
Ma cell a Islet sangathe kukhala ndi nthawi yayitali kuti akhale ndi vuto pakusintha kwa kagayidwe kachakudya mthupi. Pachifukwa ichi, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito golide la woperekayo momwe mungathere kukhalabe ndi mphamvu yogwira ntchito.
Kuchita zofananazi kumafunanso kuonetsetsa kuti mikhalidwe yolephera ya metabolism imalephera.
Nthawi zina, atachitidwa opaleshoni, pamakhala zotheka kukwaniritsa zovuta zomwe zimayambitsidwa chifukwa cha mtundu 1 wa shuga kapena kusiya kufalikira kwawo.
Zisonyezero zothandizira opaleshoni
Nthawi zambiri, kugwiritsa ntchito moyenera zakudya zopatsa thanzi, kudya mokwanira komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi olimbitsa thupi kumathandizira kuti ziphuphuzo zizisintha.
Naturalization magwiridwe antchito a kapamba nthawi zambiri mokwanira amalola kuti chikhululukiro chokhazikika mukukula kwa matendawa.
Kukhalapo kwa matenda ashuga mwa wodwala sikuti kuli chizindikiro cha opareshoni.
Kuthandizira opaleshoni m'thupi kumachitika ngati:
- Kukwanitsa kwamakhalidwe othandizira.
- Wodwalayo amakana jakisoni wa insulin.
- Kusokonezeka kwa kagayidwe kachakudya mthupi.
- Kukhalapo kwa zovuta zazikulu zamtundu 1 ndi matenda ashuga 2.
Ngati kupanikizika kwa kapamba ndi matenda ashuga kupambana, ndiye kuti ntchito zonse za gululi zimabwezeretseka bwino.
Kuthana ndi pancreatic ndikothandiza kwambiri ngati opareshoniyo ikuchitika koyambirira kwamatenda. Izi ndichifukwa choti pang'onopang'ono matendawa amayambika, zovuta zachiwiri zomwe zimawonjezera kubwezeretsa kwina kwa ntchito ya thupi zimawonjezeredwa pamatenda oyamba.
Pankhani yopangira opaleshoni kumbali ya retinopathy yomwe ikukula pang'onopang'ono, zotsatira za opaleshoniyo zitha kukhala zosiyana, komabe, chiwopsezo cha zovuta m'thupi la wodwalayo sichidutsa mwayi woti akuwonjezereka ngati opaleshoniyo itangosiyidwa.
Chinsinsi cha opereshoni
Kuthandizira opaleshoni kumafuna kupezeka kwa zinthu zopereka.
Asanachite opaleshoni, wodwalayo adziwitsidwe kuti kupezeka kwa zovuta zina m'chiwindi, mtima kapena impso zomwe zimachitika ndi matenda amtundu wa 1 zimatha kuwonjezera zovuta pambuyo pakuchita opaleshoni.
Cholinga chokana kukana kuchitapo kanthu opaleshoni ikhoza kukhala kupezeka kwa matenda owonjezera monga khansa kapena chifuwa mwa wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda a shuga.
Kupanikizika kwa kapamba kumachitika ndi chapakati pamimba. Chiwalo chopereka chimayikidwa kumanja kwa chikhodzodzo. Kusoka kwa mtima kumachitika. Opaleshoniyo ndi njira yovuta kwambiri, yovuta kuthandizira pakuchita opaleshoni ili m'chilengedwe champhamvu kwambiri.
Kuchotsa ndulu ya wodwalayo sikuchitika, popeza zodabwitsayo, ngakhale ikasiya kugwira ntchito yomwe idapatsidwa, ikupitiliza gawo la metabolism m'thupi la wodwalayo. Zimatenga nawo mbali pang'onopang'ono.
Atamaliza kuchita opaleshoniyo, patimayo timakola ndipo dzenje limasiyidwa kuti litulutse madzi owonjezera.
Opaleshoni imachitidwa pansi pa opaleshoni yambiri ndipo imatenga pafupifupi maola anayi.
Ndi kuchitapo opaleshoni bwino, wodwalayo amachotsa kudalira kwa insulin, ndipo mwayi wokhala ndi chithandizo chokwanira cha matendawa umachulukana kangapo.
Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti zotsatira zabwino zochokera pancreas kumuika zimatheka pokhapokha ngati pakuchitika maopaleshoni poyambira kukula kwa matendawa. Gawo ili lachitukuko cha matendawa limadziwika ndi kusowa kwa zovuta mthupi la wodwalayo zomwe zingasokoneze njira yobwezeretsanso kuchuluka kwa ziwalo zamkati.
Nthawi zambiri, njira yonyamula ziwalo zimaphatikizidwa ndikusakanizirana ziwalo zina zomwe zimakana kugwira ntchito zomwe zapatsidwa.
Kuchita njira yochotsera zisumbu za Langerhans
Njira yobwezeretsa zisumbu za Langerhans imachitika mosiyana ndi njira yozambulira. Mwa njira, mothandizidwa ndi njirayi matenda a shuga amathandizika kwambiri ku USA.
Opaleshoni yamtunduwu amachitidwa mtundu uliwonse wa matenda ashuga.
Kwa opaleshoni, maselo aopereka m'modzi kapena angapo amapereka. Maselo opereka amachokera mumatumba a pancreatic pogwiritsa ntchito ma enzymes.
Maselo opereka omwe amapezeka amabweretsedwa mu mitsempha ya chiwindi pogwiritsa ntchito catheter. Pambuyo pakulowetsa mtsempha, maselo amalandila zakudya ndikuyamba kuyankha mwa kuphatikiza kwa insulini kukweza shuga m'magazi.
Zomwe maselo amadziwonetsa pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo ndikuwonjezeka m'masiku otsatirawa. Izi zimadzetsa kuti odwala omwe amathandizira amachotsa kudalira kwa insulin.
Kuchita zolowerera mthupi kumabweretsa chakuti, ngakhale kuti machitidwe a kapamba sanabwezeretsedwe kwathunthu, ndizotheka kukwaniritsa zotsatira zabwino zochizira ndi chiopsezo chochepa cha zovuta zina.
Kuchiritsa kwathunthu kwa matenda ashuga mwanjira imeneyi kumatheka pokhapokha ngati palibe ma pathologies ofunikira m'thupi la ziwalo zamkati.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yamtunduwu kwa opaleshoni m'thupi la wodwalayo kumapangitsa kuti wodwalayo asapange zovuta zina pakukhazikitsa njira za metabolic.
Kugwiritsa ntchito njirayi kumathandizanso kuti matenda ashuga azikula.
Pambuyo pa opaleshoni, wodwala sayenera kuchoka kuchipatala masana.
Pakatha tsiku limodzi chitatha kulowererapo, wodwalayo amaloledwa kumwa madzi. Pambuyo masiku atatu, chakudya chimaloledwa.
Tizilombo ta wodwalayo timayamba kugwira ntchito pafupipafupi mutamuika.
Kuchira kwathunthu kumachitika pakatha miyezi iwiri. Popewa kukanidwa, wodwalayo adalandira mankhwala omwe amachepetsa mphamvu ya chitetezo cha mthupi.
Mtengo wa opaleshoni ndi pafupifupi madola 100,000 a ku US, ndipo chithandizo chamankhwala obwezeretsa pambuyo pake ndi chithandizo cha immunosuppressive chili ndi mitengo kuchokera pa 5 mpaka 20 madola masauzande. Mtengo wa mankhwalawa umadalira momwe wodwalayo amayankhira.
Kuti mudziwe zambiri za kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka kapamba, mutha kuyang'ana kanema munkhaniyi.
