Matenda a shuga ndi njira yovuta ya endocrine, chomwe chimayambitsa kusowa kwa insulin. Matendawa amadziwika ndi zovuta za metabolic m'thupi, makamaka, metabolism ya carbohydrate imatha kusintha.
Ndi chitukuko cha matenda am'mimba, kapamba amataya ntchito yake kuti apange kuchuluka kwa insulin, chifukwa, kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi kumawonjezeka.
Zizindikiro zoyambirira za matendawo zitha kuzindikirika pawokha. Pakati pazizindikiro zomwe zimakhala ndi chidwi nthawi zonse kumakhala kumatha kutopa ndi kusweka. Ngati izi zikuwonekera pafupipafupi, muyenera kufunsa dokotala.
Mawonekedwe a shuga
Kutsimikizira kapena kupatula matenda a shuga, mayeso angapo amayenera kuchitika ngati kugona, kutopa, komanso ludzu lalikulu zikuwonekera.
Nthawi zina matenda a shuga amawoneka chifukwa cha kupsinjika. Chiwopsezo chokhala ndi matenda chimakula molingana ndi kukula. Nthawi zambiri, mavuto a mahomoni, komanso kumwa mankhwala enaake komanso kumwa mowa kwambiri, amakhala chifukwa chake.
Chifukwa cha kuperewera kwa matendawa, matenda ashuga nthawi zambiri amapezeka atachedwa.
Maonekedwe a matenda amenewa amaphatikizidwa ndi zinthu monga izi:
- onenepa kwambiri
- cholowa
- mbiri, yotopetsa ndi kugonjetsedwa kwa maselo a beta omwe amachititsa kuti insulini ipangidwe: matenda am'mimba a endocrine, khansa ya kapamba, kapamba.
Matendawa amathanso kuchitika chifukwa cha:
- chimfine
- rubella
- miliri hepatitis
- nkhuku.
Kutengera zomwe zimayambitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi a anthu, matendawa amagawidwa m'mitundu iwiri. Matenda a shuga a Type 1 amadziwika ndi kudalira insulin. Munthawi yamatendawa, kapamba amakhudzidwa, amasiya kutulutsa insulini. Ndikofunikira kumulowetsa mthupi.
Mtundu wa matenda amtunduwu umapezeka kwambiri ali mwana. Ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda, palibe kudalira insulin. Matenda amtunduwu amapangidwa chifukwa chosakwanira insulin. Monga lamulo, matenda amtunduwu amadziwika ndi okalamba komanso achikulire.
Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, insulini ikupitilizidwa, ndipo ngati mumatsatira zakudya zoyenera ndikuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, ndiye kuti mutha kupewa zovuta zingapo.
Kukhazikitsidwa kwa insulin mumtunduwu wa matenda amowonekera kokha. Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti nthawi zambiri mtundu uwu wa matenda a shuga umakhala ndi matenda amtima.
Matenda a Type 1 ndi 2 amadziwika ndi zizindikiro izi:
- ludzu lalikulu
- kuchuluka kwamkodzo komanso kukodza pafupipafupi,
- kuwonda mwadzidzidzi
- kuchepa kwa masomphenya
- kufooka, kutopa, kugona.
- dzanzi ndi kubinya kwa miyendo,
- matenda opatsirana omwe amakhala nthawi yayitali
- ng'ombe zamkaka,
- yafupika libido
- kupola pang'ono
- kuchepa kwa kutentha kwa thupi
- zilonda pakhungu.
- khungu louma ndi kuyabwa.
Kutopa ndi kugona mu shuga ndi othandizira nawo pafupipafupi. Chifukwa cha kayendedwe ka pathological, thupi la munthu limasowa mphamvu zomwe limalandira kuchokera ku glucose. Chifukwa chake, kutopa ndi kufooka kumachitika. Munthu nthawi zonse amafuna kugona, popanda chifukwa. Izi nthawi zambiri zimatha kudya.
Kuphatikiza apo, mkhalidwe wamaganizidwe ukusintha. Nthawi zambiri munthu amamva:
- kubweza
- zachisoni ndi kukhumudwa
- miliri yamkwiyo,
- mphwayi.
Ngati kuwonetsa koteroko kumawonedwa mosalekeza, muyenera kuganizira za kukhalapo kwa matenda ashuga. Nthawi zina, chizindikiro cha matenda amawonongeka pang'onopang'ono, kotero munthu samazindikira nthawi yomweyo kuti thanzi lake lasintha.
Ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba, zizindikirizo zimatchulidwa, thanzi la munthu limayamba kufooka kwambiri komanso kumatha thupi.
Ngati anthu otere samalandira chithandizo chamankhwala munthawi yake, akhoza kukhala ndi vuto la matenda ashuga lomwe limawopseza moyo. Ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri, kupititsa patsogolo matendawa kumatha kupewedwa ngati mungakulitse zolimbitsa thupi ndikuchepa thupi.
Mutha kulankhula za matenda a shuga pamaziko a kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.
Chithandizo
Ngati zakudya ndi zakudya zopatsa thanzi sizingathandize kuti matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2 akhalepo, pamafunika mankhwala. Pazifukwa izi, mankhwala osiyanasiyana amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Metformin nthawi zambiri amakhala mankhwala oyamba a matenda a shuga a 2. Mankhwalawa amagwira ntchito pochepetsa kuchuluka kwa glucose omwe amalowa m'magazi kuchokera pachiwindi. Kuphatikiza apo, Metformin imapangitsa kuti maselo amthupi azikhala ndi chidwi ndi insulin.
Mukakhala onenepa kwambiri, Metformin nthawi zambiri imasankhidwa. Mosiyana ndi mankhwalawa, samayambitsa kulemera. Nthawi zina, kutsegula m'mimba kapena mseru kumachitika. A contraindication ndi matenda a impso.
Kukonzekera kwa Sulfonylurea kumachulukitsa kuchuluka kwa insulini yopangidwa ndi kapamba. Zodziwika kwambiri ndi:
- Glimepiride.
- Glychidone.
- Glibenclamide.
- Gliclazide.
- Glipizide.
Anthu odwala matenda ashuga amatha kupatsidwa imodzi mwa mankhwalawa ngati sangathe kugwiritsa ntchito Metformin kapena ngati palibe onenepa kwambiri. Mwinanso, kukonzekera kwa Metformin kapena sulfonylurea kungathe kulembedwa ngati zochita za Metformin sizokwanira.
Sulfonylureas nthawi zina amachulukitsa chiopsezo cha hypoglycemia, chifukwa amachulukitsa kuchuluka kwa insulin mthupi. Mankhwalawa amatha kuyambitsa kutsekula m'mimba, kunenepa kwambiri, komanso nseru.
Thiazolidonides amachulukitsa chidwi cha maselo kuti apange insulin, kotero glucose ochulukirapo umadutsa m'maselo kuchokera m'magazi. Njira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi metformin kapena sulfonylurea.
Chifukwa chotenga mankhwalawa, kupindulitsa kochepa thupi ndi kutupa kwa cholumikizira mafupa kumatha kuchitika. Musagwiritse ntchito Pioglitazone chifukwa cholephera mtima kapena kutanthauzira kuti mulembe mafupa ndi mafupa.
Mtundu wina wa thiazolidonide, rosiglitazone, unachotsedwa mu malonda zaka zingapo zapitazo chifukwa chakuti unadzetsa matenda amtima. Makamaka, mankhwalawa adathandizira kuti pakhale kulephera kwa mtima komanso kulowerera kwa mtima.
Glyptins amalepheretsa glucagon-monga polypeptide 1 (GLP-1) kuipitsidwa. Chidacho chimalola kuti thupi lipange insulini pamisempha yayikulu yamagazi, koma imawonongeka mwachangu.
Gliptins imapangitsa kuti magazi asakhale ndi shuga wambiri, pomwe palibe chiwopsezo cha hypoglycemia. Tikulankhula za zida zotere:
- Linagliptin.
- Saxagliptin.
- Itagliptin.
- Ildagliptin.
Magalasi amatha kutumizidwa ngati akupangika kuti munthu agwiritse ntchito glitazones kapena sulfonylureas. Magalasi sachititsa kunenepa kwambiri.
Exenatide ndichosangalatsa (agonist) cha glucagon-ngati polypeptide 1 (GLP-1). Mankhwalawa amatha kubayidwa, amachitanso chimodzimodzi ndi mahomoni achilengedwe GLP-1. Mankhwalawa amaperekedwa kawiri pa tsiku, amathandizira kupanga insulin ndikuchepetsa shuga ya magazi popanda chiopsezo cha hypoglycemia.
Anthu ambiri amafotokoza kuchepa thupi pang'ono chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa. Monga lamulo, imagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi metformin, komanso kukonzekera kwa sulfonylurea kwa odwala matenda ashuga onenepa kwambiri.
Agonist wina wa GLP-1 amatchedwa liraglutide. Jakisoni wa mankhwalawa amachitika kamodzi patsiku. Liraglutide, monga Exenatide, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi sulfonylurea ndi Metformin kwa odwala matenda ashuga onenepa kwambiri. Kutengera ndi maphunziro azachipatala, zatsimikiziridwa kuti mankhwalawa amachititsa kuchepa thupi pang'ono.
Acarbose imapangitsa kuti pakhale mwayi woletsa kuchuluka kwambiri kwa shuga m'magazi mukatha kudya. Chipangizocho chimachepetsa kuchuluka kwa kusintha kwa chakudya chamaguluufi kukhala glucose. Mankhwalawa ali ndi zotsatira zoyipa, monga kutsekula m'mimba ndi kumatulutsa. Mankhwala amathandizidwanso ngati pali tsankho la mankhwala ena.
Repaglinide ndi Nateglinide amathandizira kupanga insulin ndi kapamba. Mankhwala osokoneza bongo sagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupipafupi, amatha kumwedwa ngati pali kuphwanya zakudya. Zotsatira zake zimakhala zazifupi, motero, ndalama ziyenera kumwedwa musanadye.
Mankhwalawa ali ndi mavuto - hypoglycemia ndi kuwonda.
Zakudya zamagulu
Ngati ndi kotheka, ndikofunikira kuchitapo kanthu kuti kubwezeretsanso kagayidwe kazakudya, kubwezeretsa kwake kumachitika ndikusintha kwa maselo ndi kuchuluka kwa insulin, kutengera mtundu wa matenda. M'pofunika kuyesa kuti mupeze insulin yofanana m'thupi, chifukwa chakudya chofunikira kwambiri chimafunika.
Popanda zakudya zopanda pake, mankhwalawa samabweretsa zotsatira zomwe zikuyembekezeka. Muyenera kudziwa kuti nthawi zina, m'mayambiriro a 2 matenda a shuga, chithandizo chimangoperekedwa pakudya.
Anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lalikulu lotere ayenera kudzipatula pakumwa zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi chakudya komanso shuga. Sitikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito:
- ma cookie, ayisikilimu, maswiti ndi shuga,
- zipatso zokoma
- zukini, mbatata,
- Zakudya zokazinga zomwe zimakulitsa cholesterol,
- zipatso zamasamba.
Kutsatira zakudya komanso kudya zakudya zopatsa thanzi kumathandizanso kuti shuga achepetse magazi komanso kupewa kugona ndi kusasangalala.
Wodwala matenda ashuga amayamba kudalira matenda ake, zomwe zimamupangitsa kuti abwerere ku moyo wake.
Mankhwala a insulin
Kugona, kutopa ndi kutopa kumabuka chifukwa thupi la munthu silingathe kupirira ndi zomwe zikuwoneka ndi matendawa. Nthawi zambiri usiku wodwalayo amakakamizidwa kuti azidzuka kuchimbudzi ndi kumwa madzi, zomwe sizimathandiza kugona mokwanira komanso kupuma. Chifukwa chake, masana pali kusweka kwamphamvu.
Chifukwa chake insulin chithandizo imawonedwa ngati njira imodzi yothandiza kwambiri yolimbana ndi kugona komwe kumadziwika ndi munthu wodwala matenda a shuga. Chithandizo chobweretsa insulin m'thupi ndichofunika kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga 1.
Pakadali pano, mankhwala ali ndi kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa omwe amasiyana pakapita nthawi, amawagawa:
- nthawi yayitali
- sing'anga
- zazifupi.
Mankhwala okhala ndi insulin ayenera kufotokozedwa ndi adokotala pambuyo poti azindikire ndi kuzindikira kokwanira.
Zochita zolimbitsa thupi
Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi a shuga ndi imodzi mwazinthu zomwe zingapangitse kuti matendawo apindule. Ndi katundu pa minofu ndi machitidwe onse a thupi, glucose owonjezera amayamba kudyedwa, omwe amaperekedwa ndipo osatsekedwa ndi insulin. Chifukwa chake mawonekedwe owoneka a matendawa amachoka: kutopa ndi kugona.
Kuti mukwaniritse zomwe mukuyembekeza, simungathe overexert, chifukwa thupi limafooka ndi matendawa. Katundu wokwanira tsiku lililonse, zomwe zingapangitse kuti mafuta asungunuke, ndizokwanira.
Simungathe kuphatikiza maphunziro olimbitsa thupi ndi zakumwa zoledzeretsa. Monga lamulo, anthu odwala matenda a shuga amalangizidwa kuti azichita zolimbitsa thupi. Mwanjira inayake, mankhwalawa amalowa m'malo mwa insulin, komabe, sangakulipire kwathunthu.
Munthu wodwala matenda ashuga atakumana ndi mavuto, amatha kukhala moyo wodziwika. Madokotala amalangizani kupita kukachita masewera olimbitsa thupi kangapo pa sabata, kumayendayenda panja, panjinga, ndipo ngati angafune, kuthamanga.
Ndikofunika kuti odwala matenda ashuga azichita zinthu izi:
- badminton
- aerobics
- tennis
- zovina zamasewera.
Kuti mukhale ndi moyo wabwino kwambiri wa matenda ashuga, muyenera kuyandikira izi mwaulemu komanso moyenera, nthawi zambiri kugwiritsa ntchito chidwi.
Chithandizo cha matendawa chimaphatikizapo njira yochitira masewera olimbitsa thupi tsiku lililonse kwa odwala matenda ashuga komanso kudya moyenera. Ngati mungachite zonse pamwambazi, munthu sangamve kusasangalala, kutaya mphamvu komanso kugona.
Kanemayo munkhaniyi akupereka malingaliro amomwe angathane ndi kugona.
