Kukula kwa matenda osokoneza bongo kumatha kukhala kwadzidzidzi, Zizindikiro zimachulukana kwambiri, kapenanso matenda a shuga amapezeka koyamba pomwe wodwala amatengedwa kupita kuchipatala ali ndi ukomoka. Kufotokozera kumeneku ndikoyenera kwambiri kwa odwala matenda a shuga omwe amadalira insulin, amayamba ndi kufa kwa 90% yama cell a pancreatic.
Mtundu wachiwiri wa shuga umadziwika ndi kuwonjezeka pang'onopang'ono kwa zizindikiro ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, chifukwa kukana insulin nthawi zambiri kumayamba pang'onopang'ono. Zimatchulidwa ndi nthawi yamaphunziro a shuga a matenda a shuga, momwe zizindikiro sizinawonekere ndipo, malinga ndi kuyezetsa magazi kwapadera kwa shuga, sizipezeka nthawi zonse. Pazochitika zotere, kafukufuku wotsegula shuga amalembedwa - kuyesa kwa shuga.
Kuzindikira koyambirira kwa matenda a shuga pamlingo wololera shuga wambiri kumathandizira kuchedwa kuyambitsa mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, kumachepetsa mayendedwe ake komanso kupewa misempha.
Momwe mungadziwire prediabetes?
"Ngati shuga ndi 6.4 zikutanthauza chiyani? "- mafunso ngati awa amakumana nthawi zambiri kwa odwala omwe adayang'ana shuga wawo wamagazi koyamba. Kuti mumvetsetse zotere, muyenera kudziwa tanthauzo la glycemia. Kwa munthu wathanzi patatha maola 8 mutatha kumwa kwa mankhwalawa, lembani shuga 3,3 -5.5 mmol / l.
Ngati chizindikirocho ndichachikulupo, koma osapitilira 7 mmol / L (monga momwe tafotokozera pamwambapa), ndiye kuwunika kwa prediabetes, kapena kulolera shuga. Mkhalidwewu ndi wapakati pakati pa wamba ndi matendawa. Mikhalidwe yotereyi imadzetsa kukonzekera bwino pakudya, masewera olimbitsa thupi, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala achikhalidwe.
Nthawi zambiri, odwala safunikira chithandizo chapadera chodwala matenda ashuga, makamaka ngati kulemera kuli kwabwinobwino kapena wodwalayo amatsitsa ndi index ya thupi yofika pansi pa 27 kg / m2. pakusintha kwa kadyedwe ndi kakhalidwe, gawo lotsatira limayamba - matenda ashuga.
Chosangalatsa cha matenda ashuga ndikuti shuga osala kudya amatha kukhala abwinobwino, koma matendawa amapita patsogolo. Chifukwa chake, maphunziro olondola kwambiri nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti adziwitse: kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin ya glycated ndi kuyesa kwa glucose.
Glycated hemoglobin imayesedwa m'magazi, mosasamala nthawi ya tsiku kapena chakudya. Zimawonetsa kusinthasintha kwa shuga m'magazi miyezi itatu yapitayo. Izi ndizotheka chifukwa glucose m'magazi amapanga hemoglobin yokhazikika. Kuchulukitsidwa kwa mapuloteni amtundu wa glycated ndiwokwera kwambiri, kuchuluka kwa shuga kwambiri panthawiyi.
Kutanthauzira kwa zotsatira za kutsimikiza kwa glycated hemoglobin (chizindikiro cha mmol / l):
- Pansi pa 5.7 pali chizindikiro chodziwika bwino.
- 7 - 6.4 - gawo la shuga latent, kulolera kwa glucose kumachepetsedwa.
- Ngati kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi ndi 6.4 kapena kuposa, ndiye kuti izi ndi shuga.
Njira yachiwiri yodziwira matenda a kagayidwe kazakudya umawonetsa momwe thupi limathandizira pakukula kwa shuga mutatha kudya. Nthawi zambiri, pakatha maola 1.5 - 2 mutatha kudya, glucose m'magazi amawoneka m'maselo a minofu chifukwa cha insulin yomwe yatulutsidwa. Mulingo wake ukubwerera womwe unali pamimba yopanda kanthu.
Mu shuga mellitus, insulin sikokwanira kapena kukana kwayamba. Kenako, mutatha kudya, glucose amakhalabe m'madzi, ndikuwononga khoma lawo. Nthawi yomweyo, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa shuga, wodwalayo amamva ludzu losatha komanso njala, kutuluka kwamkodzo komanso kuwonongeka kwamatenda kumawonekera. Pang'onopang'ono, zizindikiro zina za shuga zimalowereranso.
Kuyeserera kwa shuga kumapangitsa kuti pakhale zakudya. Pakutero, pambuyo pakupuma pakudya (nthawi zambiri kwa maola 14), wodwalayo amayeza shuga woyamba wamagazi, kenako ndikupereka njira yothetsera shuga momwe mumakhala 75 g. Kuchita mobwerezabwereza kwa glycemia kumachitika pambuyo pa maola 1 ndi 2.
Gawo lokhala ndi matenda ashuga limadziwika ndi kuwonjezeka kwa maola awiri atatha kulowetsa shuga m'magazi a 7.8-11.0 mmol / L. Ngati matchulidwe amapezeka apamwamba kapena ofanana ndi 11.1 mmol / l, ndiye kuti matenda a shuga amapangidwa. Chifukwa chake, manambala onse omwe ali pansi pa 7.8 mmol / L akhoza kukhala mu metabolism ya carbohydrate.
Pa mayeso olondola a glucose olondola, malamulo awa ayenera kutsatiridwa:
- Pasakhale matenda opatsirana.
- Patsiku la mayeso, mumangomwa madzi okha.
- Ndikosatheka kusuta nthawi yophunzira komanso mkati mwake.
- Mlingo wakuchita zolimbitsa thupi ndi wabwinobwino.
- Kumwa mankhwala (aliwonse, makamaka okhudza shuga) ayenera kuvomerezedwa ndi dokotala.
Zakudya siziyenera kusintha: ndizosatheka kuchepetsa chakudya kapena kumwa kwambiri zakudya ndi mowa. Zakudya zowonjezera thupi zosachepera 150 g patsiku. Madzulo (chakudya chotsiriza musanawunike), ndikofunikira kuti chakudyacho chili ndi 30 mpaka 50 g yamagulu azakudya.
Mwa ana, kuyesedwa kwa glucose kumachitika mwa kutenga shuga, mlingo womwe umawerengeredwa ndi kulemera - 1.75 g pa kilogalamu 1, koma kuchuluka kwathunthu sikungathe kupitirira 75. Kwa amayi oyembekezera, kafukufuku amakhazikitsidwa pakati pa milungu 24 ndi 28 ya mimba.
Kuyesaku sikuwonetsedwa pazomwe zili pamtunda wa 7 mmol / l (poyeza pamimba yopanda kanthu), makamaka ngati mawonekedwe oterowo apezeka.
Komanso, myocardial infarction, kuvutika magazi kwambiri, kuchepa kwa magazi, kubala mwana kapena kutulutsa magazi kwambiri m'mimba patangotha mwezi umodzi mayeso ake akutsutsana.
Zomwe zimayambitsa kukula kwa prediabetes
Zonse zobadwa nazo (cholowa chamtsogolo) komanso zinthu zomwe zimapezeka zimatha kupangitsa kuchepa kwa shuga. Matenda amtunduwu amatha kufalikira kuchokera kwa achibale omwe amakhala ndi matenda ashuga kapena owonekera.
Chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimatsagana ndi kupititsa patsogolo zovuta za kagayidwe kazakudya zimawonedwa ngati kunenepa kwambiri. Choopsa kwambiri pakupanga matenda a shuga ndi kuchuluka kwa mafuta m'mimba. Kusintha kwawomweku kumathandizira kukulitsa kwamtundu wa minofu kukana insulin.
Komanso, kukhalapo kwa wodwalayo kwa matenda oopsa, kuchuluka kwa cholesterol, zizindikiro za atherosulinosis kapena matenda ena amitsempha kumawonjezera mwayi wokhala ndi matenda osokoneza bongo a latent. Kukhala moyo wongokhala komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zakudya zosakidwa zomwe zimakhala ndi shuga ndi mafuta a nyama zimapangitsa kuti matenda ashuga akhale othekera kwambiri.
Pali matenda angapo omwe muyenera kuwongolera omwe amapezeka m'magazi kuti musaphonye nthawi ya matenda a prediabetes. Izi zikuphatikiza:
- Matenda a chiwindi.
- Njira zotupa mu kapamba.
- Matenda aimpso.
- Gout
- Matenda a endocrine dongosolo lomwe ma insulin antagonists amapangidwira.
- Kumwa mankhwala a mahomoni, mapiritsi othandizira kubereka, okodzetsa kwa nthawi yayitali.
- Thirotooticosis.
- Ngati wodwala ali ndi zaka zopitilira 45.
Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kulekerera kwamankhwala ochulukirapo kwa ma carbo nthawi ya kutenga pakati kumakhala ndi kunenepa kwambiri, zaka zopitilira 30, thumba losunga mazira lam'mbuyomu, zovuta zapathupi, kubereka ana, ana obadwa osaposa 4.5 kg.
Chifukwa chiyani kukana kwa glucose kumachepa?
Kuphwanya kulekerera kwa chakudya kumayamba chifukwa cha kuphatikiza kwa kusintha kwa insulin katemera komanso kuchepa kwamphamvu kwa minyewa ya minyewa kwa iwo. Kupanga kwa insulin kumayendetsedwa ndi chakudya chamagulu (osati chakudya), ndipo kutulutsa kwake m'magazi kumachitika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.
Kuwonjezeka kwa mapangidwe a insulin kumachitika ndikamvekedwa ndi amino acid (leucine ndi arginine), mahomoni: cholecystokinin, adrenocorticotropic timadzi, glucose amadalira insulinotropic peptide, komanso estrogen, kukonzekera kwa sulfonylurea. Katulutsidwe amatithandizanso ndi kuchuluka kwa potaziyamu, calcium, mafuta achilengedwe achilengedwe m'magazi.
Kuchepetsa mapangidwe a insulin kumachitika ndi mphamvu ya glucagon, timadzi timene timapangidwanso m'matumba, koma ndimaselo ena.
Zida zazikulu zomwe zimadalira kuwonekera kwa insulin ndi chiwindi, minofu ndi adipose. Maselo amtunduwu amakhala osaganizira (osagwirizana) ndi insulin. Zotsatira zake, kuyamwa kwa glucose mu zotumphukira zimakhala kuchepa, kuphatikiza kwa glycogen kumalephereka ndipo kukula kwa prediabetes kumayamba.
Mitundu yomaliza ya matenda ashuga imayambanso chifukwa china chomwe chimayambitsa kukana insulini. Izi zikuphatikiza:
- Makulidwe azovuta a kutupa.
- Kuvunda kwa capillary permeability, komwe kumalepheretsa kuyenda kwa insulin m'matumba kudzera pa khoma la chotengera.
- Acidosis
- Zosintha pakupanga insulin.
- Kuchulukitsa kwa adrenal gland, pituitary gland kapena placenta (panthawi yoyembekezera).
Zizindikiro za matenda am'mbuyomu
Kuchepa kwa kulolera kwa shuga m'magawo oyamba a kukula kwa matenda a pathology sikuwonekere. Odwala nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi thupi lochulukirapo, ndipo kuunikira kumavumbula: kusala kwa proteinoglycemia (glucose m'magazi oyipa ndikubwinobwino kapena pang'ono), kusowa kwa shuga mumkodzo.
Zizindikiro za prediabetes sizotsimikizika, koma chizindikiritso chake chikuyenera kudziwitsa dokotala ndi wodwala. Nthawi zambiri, kulolerana kwa shuga m'magazi kumayendera limodzi ndi totupa, furunculosis, kumeta kapena khungu, kutulutsa magazi m'mimba, matenda osakhalitsa, komanso kuchiritsa kwa bala kwa nthawi yayitali.
Matenda a mahomoni mu kufooka kwa kugonana, kusamba kwa msambo, kusabereka, amenorrhea kumatha kuchitika.
Ngati chithandizo sichinayambike pa nthawi yake, ndiye kuti chipatala chimathandizidwanso ndi zizindikiro zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ashuga:
- Kuchulukitsa chilakolako, makamaka maswiti.
- Kuthetsa ludzu ndi pakamwa pouma, kuchuluka kwamadzi ambiri.
- Kukodza pafupipafupi
- Kuchepetsa chitetezo chokwanira, pafupipafupi zotupa kapena fungal matenda.
Chithandizo cha matenda a shuga
Nthawi zambiri, njira zosagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza. Izi zimaphatikizapo chithandizo chamankhwala othandizira odwala matenda ashuga komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Cholinga chachikulu cha kusankhidwa kwawo ndikuchepetsa thupi ndi kuchuluka kwake. Chifukwa chake, chakudyacho chimachepetsa kuchuluka kwa zopatsa mphamvu chifukwa cha zovuta zamafuta ndi mafuta ochokera ku nyama.
Nthawi zambiri zakudya zimakhazikitsidwa m'magawo 5 kapena 6 patsiku. Zakudyazo ziyenera kukhala ndi masamba ambiri abwino ngati masaladi kapena timadziti tofinya kumene, zakudya zama protein ochepa, makamaka nsomba ndi zakumwa za mkaka wowawasa, tchizi tchizi.
Zakudya zamafuta zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito, kupatula nyama yamafuta, nyama yophika, nyama zam'chitini, mafuta, soseji zamafuta ndi zinthu zomalizidwa. Zakudya zoyambirira ndizoyenera kuphika zamasamba.
Pofuna kupewa matenda a shuga, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti muchepetse, ndipo ndibwino kupatula, kuchokera ku zakudya zotere:
- Shuga, wokondedwa, kupanikizana.
- Mbale zampaka, timadzi tokoma komanso zakumwa zozizilitsa khofi.
- Confectionery, makeke.
- Mkate Woyera, kuphika.
- Zosakhazikika, tchipisi.
- Chakudya chofulumira
- Zipatso zamatenda.
Kugwiritsa ntchito semolina, mpunga, mbatata, pasitala yazakudya zam'mbali ndizochepa, simukuyenera kusankha nthochi, nkhuyu, mphesa, madeti, komanso zokometsera tchizi zakunyumba, yogurts yotsekemera ya mchere.
Chofunikira pakupewa matenda a shuga ndikumaphatikizidwa mu boma la tsiku lochita zolimbitsa thupi. Amatha kusankhidwa potengera zomwe wodwalayo amakonda, koma nthawi yayitali ya gawo sayenera kupitirira mphindi 30 patsiku. Kwa anthu okalamba, kuyenda maulendo atali, kuyenda mosatekeseka, yoga, kusambira, masewera olimbitsa thupi, kuvina ndikulimbikitsidwa.
Pofuna kupewa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, komanso kukonza njira zama metabolic, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito infusions ndi decoctions azitsamba: masamba a walnut, zipatso zofiira ndi aronia, udzu wa galega, masamba a nyemba, masamba a blueberries omwe ali ndi shuga mellitus kapena lingonberries, raspberries, dandelion mizu, chicory.
Kanemayo munkhaniyi akupereka malingaliro ochepetsa shuga m'magazi.
