Mtundu woyamba wa matenda a shuga ndi matenda obadwa nawo mu mtundu winawake womwe umatha kuchitika ngakhale ubwana. Matendawa amabwera chifukwa chakuti kapamba sangapange insulini.
Insulin ndiye amene amatenga nawo gawo pazinthu za metabolic. Zimasintha glucose kukhala mphamvu yofunikira maselo. Zotsatira zake, shuga sangatengeredwe ndi thupi; amapezeka m'magazi ambiri ndipo amangotuluka pang'ono.
Matenda a shuga amtundu woyamba amakhala ochepa kwa ana, chifukwa mpaka 10% ya matenda onsewa. Zizindikiro zoyambirira zitha kuonedwa mukadali mwana kwambiri.
Zizindikiro za matenda amtundu 1
Mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga, zizindikiro zimayamba kuonekera msanga. Pakupita milungu yochepa, mkhalidwe wa mwana umakulirakulirabe, ndipo pamapeto pake amakhala kuchipatala. Zizindikiro za matenda amtundu woyamba 1 ziyenera kuzindikira nthawi.
Udzu wokhazikika umawonekera chifukwa cha kusowa madzi m'thupi, chifukwa thupi silipaka shuga amene amayenda m'magazi ndi madzi. Mwanayo nthawi zonse komanso ambiri amapempha madzi kapena zakumwa zina.
Makolo amayamba kuwona kuti mwana nthawi zambiri amayendera kuchimbudzi kuti akachotse. Izi ndizofala usiku.
Glucose monga gwero lamphamvu limaleka kulowa m'maselo a thupi la mwana, chifukwa chake, kumwa kwa michere ndi michere kumachuluka. Zotsatira zake, munthu amasiya kulemera, ndipo nthawi zambiri amayamba kuchepa thupi msanga.
Matenda a shuga 1 amtundu wa ana ndi achinyamata ali ndi chizindikiro china - kutopa. Makolo amadziwa kuti mwana alibe mphamvu zokwanira komanso mphamvu. Kumva njala kumakulanso. Madandaulo pafupipafupi akusowa kwa chakudya amawonedwa.
Izi ndichifukwa choti minofu imasowa glucose komanso chakudya chochuluka. Kuphatikiza apo, palibe mbale imodzi yomwe imalola munthu kuti azikhala wokhutira. Mkhalidwe wa mwana ukamachepa kwambiri ndipo ketoacidosis imakula, ndiye kuti msambo wamalingaliro umachepa mwachangu.
Matenda a shuga kwa ana amabweretsa mavuto osiyanasiyana amaso. Chifukwa cha kuchepa mphamvu kwa mandala, munthu amakhala ndi chifuwa pamaso pake, komanso zinthu zina zowonekera. Madokotala ati chifukwa cha matenda ashuga, matenda oyamba ndi fungus amatha kuchitika. Mwa ana ang'onoang'ono, mitundu yosakhwima yomwe imakhala yovuta kuchiritsa. Atsikana atha kukhala ndi thrush.
Ngati mutchera khutu ku zizindikiro za matendawa, ndiye kuti ketoacidosis imapangidwa, yomwe ikufotokozedwa kuti:
- kupuma kwamkati
- nseru
- ulesi
- kupweteka kwam'mimba
- kununkhira kwa acetone kuchokera mkamwa.
Mwana akhoza kukomoka mwadzidzidzi. Ketoacidosis imayambitsanso imfa.
Hypoglycemia imachitika pamene glucose wa plasma akutsikira pang'onopang'ono. Monga lamulo, zizindikiro zotsatirazi zimawonekera:
- njala
- kunjenjemera
- palpitations
- chikumbumtima.
Kudziwa zizindikiro zomwe zatchulidwa kudzapangitsa kuti mupewe zochitika zowopsa zomwe zingayambitse kupuma komanso kufa.
Mapiritsi okhala ndi gluu, ma lozenges, misuzi yachilengedwe, shuga, komanso gulu la glucagon la jakisoni limathandiza kuthetsa kuukira kwa hypoglycemic.
Zoyambitsa matenda ashuga
Mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga mu ana aang'ono ndi matenda opita patsogolo pa autoimmune. Matendawa amadziwika chifukwa chakuti maselo a beta omwe amapanga insulin pamapeto pake amawononga chitetezo cha munthu.
Sizikudziwika kuti ndizomwe zimayambitsa izi. Itha kukhala:
- cholowa
- matenda opatsirana ndi ma virus
- zachilengedwe.
Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga 1 amtundu wa ana sizikudziwika bwinobwino. Mtundu woyamba wa shuga 1 wa mwana akamachitika chitetezo cha mthupi, chomwe chiyenera kulimbana ndi ma virus, mwadzidzidzi amayamba kuwononga kapamba, maselo omwe amayambitsa insulin.
Asayansi apeza kuti pamakhala matendawa pamatenda, chifukwa chake ngati pali matenda m'mbale, chiwopsezo cha matenda a shuga kwa mwana chikukula. Komanso, matenda ashuga amatha kuyambika motsogozedwa ndi kachilombo ka nthawi yayitali kachilomboka kapena kupsinjika kwambiri.
Matenda a shuga a Type 1 ali ndi zinthu zotsatirazi:
- kukhalapo kwa mtundu wa shuga wodalira insulin mwa abale ake apafupi,
- matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha ma virus. Nthawi zambiri, matenda ashuga amapita patsogolo atakhudzidwa ndi kachilombo ka Coxsackie, rubella kapena cytomegalovirus,
- Vitamini D yosakwanira
- Zosakanikirana ndi zopangidwa ndi phala kapena mkaka wa ng'ombe,
- madzi akulu a nitrate.
Asayansi apeza kuti zigawo 18 za ma genetic, zomwe zimayimira IDDM1 - IDDM18, zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi matenda a shuga. Madera amakhala ndi ma protein okhala ndi ma genetic omwe amaimira zovuta za histocompatability. M'derali, majini amachitapo kanthu poyankha chitetezo.
Zinthu za chibadwa sizimafotokoza bwino zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa. M'zaka zochepa zapitazi, kuchuluka kwa odwala matenda ashuga a mtundu woyamba 1 kwawonjezeka padziko lonse lapansi.
Mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga mu ana a achinyamata umawonekera mu 10% ya milandu ngati m'bale aliyense ali ndi matendawo. Mokulira, ana adzalandira matendawa kuchokera kwa bambo awo kuposa kuchokera kwa amayi awo. Kafukufuku wina akuti matenda opatsirana amatha kudwala mwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lobadwa nalo.
Kuyang'aniridwa kwakukulu kuyenera kulipiridwa kwa Coxsackie - mavairasi am'mimba.
Kufalikira kwa ma virus, komanso kubereka kwa rubella ndi ma mumps, kumayambitsa matendawa.
Chiyambire ndi chitukuko cha matendawa
Insulin imapangidwa m'maselo a kapamba. Ntchito yayikulu ya insulini imaganiziridwa kuti ndikuthandiza glucose kulowa m'maselo omwe glucose imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mafuta.
Pali malingaliro osinthika osinthana ndi insulin ndi shuga. Mutatha kudya mwana wathanzi, insulini imatulutsidwa m'magazi, motero shuga amachepetsa.
Chifukwa chake, kupanga kwa insulin kumachepetsedwa kuti shuga ya magazi isatsike kwambiri.
Matenda a shuga aana amadziwika chifukwa chakuti kuchuluka kwa maselo a beta kumachepetsedwa m'mapazi, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti insulini siyipangidwe kokwanira. Zotsatira zake, maselo amakhala ndi njala, chifukwa salandira mafuta ofunikira.
Mwazi wamagazi umakulanso, zomwe zimatsogolera ku matenda am'matenda.
Matenda a shuga 1 amtundu wa achinyamata amadziwika ndi kusowa kwa insulin. Zoyambira ndi pathogenesis zamtundu 1 zikusonyeza kuti mfundo zamakhalidwe zimathandiza kwambiri popanga zizindikiro. Udindo wofunikira mu pathogenesis wamtundu woyamba wamatenda umachitika ndi kungokhala ndi kuphwanya zakudya zabwino.
Kudya zakudya zamafuta ndi carb kwambiri kumachulukitsa nthawi ya matenda ashuga. Chifukwa chake, kupewa matenda ashuga amtundu woyamba, mfundo za moyo wathanzi ziyenera kutsatiridwa.
Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kumathandizira kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda ashuga, matenda a mtima, ndi atherosulinosis. Kukhala ndi thanzi labwino kumathandizanso.
Ngati zolimbitsa thupi zofunika kusintha mlingo wa insulin, malingana ndi kuchuluka kwa zolimbitsa thupi. Kuchuluka kwa insulini komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kumachepetsa shuga m'magazi ndikupangitsa hypoglycemia.
Muyenera kudya chakudya chomwe chimakhala ndi fiber zamasamba, zokhala ndi protein, mafuta ndi chakudya yambiri. Ndikofunikira kupatula zakudya zochepa zamankhwala osokoneza bongo, i.e. shuga, ndikuchepetsa kudya kwa michere.
Ndikofunikira kuyesa kudya zakudya zomwezo tsiku lililonse. Payenera kukhala zakudya zitatu zazikuluzikulu zazing'ono tsiku lililonse.
Kuti mupange kudya kwanu, muyenera kulumikizana ndi endocrinologist kapena wathanzi.
Tsopano ndikosatheka kuletsa kwathunthu kuyambika kwa matenda ashuga.
Komabe, asayansi akuphunzira za njirayi pafupipafupi, ndikupanga zowonjezereka pakuwunika njira ndi njira zochiritsira.
Njira zoyesera
Ndikofunikira kudziwa ngati mwana ali ndi matenda ashuga komanso ndi uti. Ngati matenda amtundu wa 1 akukayikiridwa, kuyezetsa magazi kuyenera kuchitidwa kuti muwone kuchuluka kwa shuga. Ngati chizindikirocho ndi chachikulu kuposa 6.1 mmol / l, ndiye kuti kafukufukuyu akuyenera kuchitidwanso kuti atsimikizire kuti matendawa ndi ozindikira. Dokotala amafotokozanso mayeso ena.
Kuti muwonetsetse kuti uwu ndi mtundu woyamba, muyenera kuperekera kuwunika kwa ma antibodies. Mayeso akawona ma antibodies a insulin kapena ma cell a pancreatic m'magazi a munthu, izi zimatsimikizira kupezeka kwa matenda ashuga amtundu woyamba.
Mosiyana ndi matenda ashuga amtundu wachiwiri, ndi mtundu woyamba wa mankhwalawo umakulirakulira, matendawo amatha kuyamba pa kulemera kulikonse komanso msinkhu. Kuthamanga kwa magazi sikuwonjezereka, ma autoantibodies amapezeka m'magazi a mwana.
Chithandizo cha matenda amtundu 1 a ana
Chithandizo cha matenda a shuga chikuyenera kuthana ndi mavuto, ngati alipo, kuti mwana akule bwino, khalani m'magulu a ana ndipo musamve kuti ali ndi vuto pafupi ndi ana athanzi.
Njira zingapo zodzitetezera zimasonyezedwanso kupatula kukula kwa zovuta zomwe zikumaletsa.
Mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga wa ana pafupifupi nthawi zonse umagwirizanitsidwa ndi jakisoni wa insulin yaumunthu. Njira zochizira ziyenera kukhala zolimbikitsa chitetezo cha mwana ndikudziwikanso kagayidwe kake.
Ndi matenda a shuga 1 amtundu wa ana, chithandizo chimaphatikizapo:
- jakisoni wokhazikika wa insulin. Amachitidwa kangapo patsiku, kutengera mtundu wa insulin,
- moyo wokangalika
- kukhalabe wathanzi
- kutsatira zakudya zinazake zomwe zimakhala ndi mafuta ochepa.
Mankhwala a insulin amayesetsa kukhalabe ndi shuga. Komanso, chithandizo chimasintha njira zama cell.
Mtundu woyamba wa shuga mwa mwana umadziwika ndi chiopsezo chachikulu cha hypoglycemia. Ana nthawi zambiri amadwala, ndiye kuti, amadya mosasamala. Mulingo wa zochita zawo zolimbitsa thupi ukhoza kukhala wosakhazikika.
Matendawa ayenera kuthandizidwa moyang'aniridwa ndi endocrinologist payekha. Ndi matenda osakwanira a shuga, zina zolimbitsa thupi ndi zakudya ziyenera kuwonjezeredwa ku chiwembu.
Asayansi amati kutalikirana kwambiri ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga, m'magazi, ndiye kuti kumalipidwa. Ngati zinali zotheka kulipidwa, ndiye kuti wodwalayo amatsogolera moyo wathanzi, amakhala ndi chiopsezo cha mtima wamavuto.
Mwa odwala matenda ashuga omwe amalandiridwa jakisoni wa insulin, momwe mungayandikirane ndi shuga wamagazi, amakhala pachiwopsezo cha hypoglycemia.
Madokotala amalimbikitsa kuti muchepetse shuga m'magazi a ana omwe ali ndi matenda oyamba kukhala abwinobwino, koma kumangowasunga. Kuyambira 2013, asayansi ku American Diabetes Association adalangiza kusunga glycated hemoglobin pansipa 7.5% mwa ana odwala matenda ashuga. Mfundo pamwambapa sizabwino.
Mavuto onse amatha kukhala owawa komanso osachiritsika. Mavuto omwe amakhudza machitidwe onse amaphatikizapo hypoglycemia ndi ketoacidosis.
Matenda a shuga amtundu woyamba amakhudzidwa nthawi zambiri:
- mafupa
- khungu
- maso
- impso
- dongosolo lamanjenje
- mtima.
Matendawa amatsogolera retinopathies, kuchuluka kwa magazi m'miyendo, angina pectoris, nephropathy, mafupa am'mimba komanso matenda ena owopsa.
Mavuto a mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga ayenera kuthandizidwa ndi mayeso a chipatala nthawi zonse.
Kupewa
Kupewera kwa matenda ashuga amtundu 1 kumatanthawuza mndandanda wazinthu zomwe zingathandize kupewa zoyipa zomwe zimayambitsa kupangika kwa matendawa. Ndikofunika kuyang'anitsitsa chizindikiro chomwe chikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga kapena magazi ochepa.
Ngati muli ndi matenda ashuga, muyenera kumwa magawo a glucose pafupipafupi, ndikusintha kuchuluka kwa shuga ndi jakisoni wa insulin ngati pakufunika. Kuti matenda ashuga agonjetsedwe momwe angathere, zakudya zapadera ziyenera kuyang'aniridwa mosamala.
Muyenera kukhala nanu shuga nthawi zonse ngati pali vuto lokhala ndi hypoglycemia. Ma jakisoni a Glucagon angafunikire kwambiri hypoglycemia. Dokotala amayenera kufunsidwa kuti ayese kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, kuti achite kafukufuku wa impso, maso, miyendo. Ndikofunika kuwongolera zizindikiritso za matenda ashuga mwa ana.
Ndikofunikira kufunsa dokotala kumayambiriro kwa matendawa kuti mupewe matenda a pathological. Ngati madokotala amalipira matenda a shuga, sipakanakhala zovuta zina.
Chinthu chofunikira komanso maziko operekera chithandizo cha matenda kumatengedwa ngati zakudya zoyenera. Kulekerera kosalekeza komanso thanzi labwino kumatha kuchitika pokhapokha ngati mukudya zakudya komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse.
Matenda a 1 a shuga mu ana nthawi zambiri amayambitsa zovuta zazikulu. Komabe, ndi zakudya zosankhidwa bwino, mwayi wokhala ndi matendawa umachepetsedwa kwambiri. Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga amakhala ndi matenda oopsa kwambiri.
Anthu odwala matenda ashuga ayenera kumwa mapiritsi azovuta kwambiri, zomwe zimathandiza kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda amtima.
Dr. Komarovsky akuwuzani zambiri za matenda a shuga kwa ana mu kanema munkhaniyi.
