Kusunga shuga wabwinobwino m'mwazi ndikotheka ndikugwira ntchito koyenera kwa kapamba ndi ziwalo za endocrine. Matenda ofala kwambiri a carbohydrate metabolism amagwirizanitsidwa ndi matenda a shuga.
Muubwana, glycemia imathandizidwanso ndi kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa mahomoni ndi kusinthasintha kwa kuchuluka kwa mahomoni ogonana, motero kukhalabe ndi shuga m'magazi a zaka 16 zokhala ndi matenda a shuga ndi ntchito yovuta.
Pofuna kuteteza ana ku zovuta zomwe zimakhudzana ndi kusintha kwa shuga m'magazi, komanso kupangitsa kuti mwana akule ndikukula bwinobwino, kuyang'anira pafupipafupi ndikuwongolera glycemia kumafunika.
Carbohydrate kagayidwe mu achinyamata
Zinapezeka kuti pamikhalidwe yofanana, achinyamata amawonetsa hemoglobin wokwera kwambiri kuposa achikulire, ngakhale kuchuluka kwa insulin. Insulin nthawi zambiri imakula kwambiri kuposa achinyamata mwa mwana wazaka chimodzi kapena wodwala wazaka 20.
Izi zimawonetsedwa pokhudzana ndi mfundo yoti msinkhu wa mahomoni okula msinkhu wopsinjika uli pafupi kuwirikiza, komanso ma steroid ogonana ndi pafupifupi 35%. Izi zimabweretsa kuti mafutawa amathyoledwa mwachangu ndikuwonjezera mafuta acids aulere, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupangira mphamvu, ndipo kumva kwa insulin kumachepa.
Zotsatira za insulin pa achinyamata zim 30-30% kutsika kuposa momwe zimakhalira kwa munthu wazaka 21 kapena wamkulu. Chifukwa chake, pochita insulin mankhwala, makonzedwe akulu a insulin ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito, ndikuwonjezera pafupipafupi pakukonzekera kwake.
Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti matenda ashuga akhale ndi:
- Mulingo wambiri wokhala ndi nkhawa.
- Kuwonekera pamavuto akudya.
- Zizolowezi zoipa.
- Kukhumudwa ndi kudzitsitsa.
Chifukwa chake, ngati pali zovuta zomwe zingayambike poyang'ana zakudya ndi chithandizo, nthawi zina ndikofunikira, kuwonjezera pa endocrinologist, kuchita psychotherapist kuti muwongolere machitidwe amachitidwe.
Kuyesedwa kwa magazi
Kuzindikira matenda ashuga, kuphunzira kusala glycemia. Zizindikiro za kukhazikikako zimatha kukhala zodabwitsika komanso mawonekedwe azizindikiro za matenda ashuga: wachinyamata adayamba kumwa madzi ambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri amapita kuchimbudzi, ngakhale kuti kulakalaka kudya ndikukula kwakanthawi kumachepa.
Komanso, makolo amatha kudziwa kuzizira, zotupa ndi kuyabwa pakhungu, ziwalo zopukutira ziwalo, kuwonjezereka kutopa, kusakwiya, komanso kusachita chidwi. Cholinga choyesedwa chikhoza kukhala kuthamanga kwa magazi komanso kuwonongeka kwa mawonekedwe.
Wachinyamata akamamuyesa koyamba, ndiye kuti amamulembera mayeso a shuga, omwe amachitika m'mawa asanadye. Ndikofunikira kupatula kuphunzira musanadye kwa maola 8 kuchokera pakudya, kwa maola awiri ndi atatu kuchokera pakusuta komanso kulimbitsa thupi, zakumwa zilizonse, kupatula madzi. Mulingo wothira magazi kwa achinyamata azaka 13-16 ndi 3,3 - 5.5 mmol / l.
Ngati mulingo wa glycemia sapitirira 6.9 mmol / L, koma ndiwokwera kwambiri kuposa wabwinobwino, ndiye kuti kupezeka kwa kulolerana kwamatumbo kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kuyesedwa kowonjezera ndi kulemera kwa glucose, ndipo ngati magazi ali ndi shuga wopitilira 7 mmol / L, ndiye kuti dokotala wa matenda ashuga ndiwonetseratu kwa dokotala.
Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda osagwirizana ndi matenda a shuga:
- Matenda a chiwindi.
- Kumwa mankhwala omwe ali ndi mahomoni.
- Matenda a impso.
- Matenda a chithokomiro kapena adrenal gland.
- Matenda a pituitary kapena hypothalamic metabolic.
Hyperglycemia yabodza imatha kuchitika ngati chakudya chinatengedwa tisanayambe phunziroli kapena panali zovuta, kapena zolimbitsa thupi, kusuta, kumwa ma anabolic mankhwala, zakumwa zamphamvu kapena khofi.
Shuga wochepa amachititsa kutupa m'mimba kapena matumbo, njira ya chotupa, kuchepa kwa mahomoni am'matumbo a adrenal ndi chithokomiro cha chithokomiro, poyizoni, kuvulala kwamisala muubongo.
Matenda ena amtundu ungayambitse shuga wamagazi ochepa.
Kulamulira kwamatenda a achinyamata achinyamata
Muyezo wa shuga uyenera kukhala ndi shuga osachepera 2 kawiri pa tsiku. Kutsimikiza kumodzi kuyenera kupangidwa isanagonedwe kuti tipewe hypoglycemia usiku. Kuphatikiza apo, ndikofunikira kuchita kuwunika ngati kusintha kwa zakudya, mpikisano wamasewera, matenda ophatikizana, mayeso.
Ndikofunikira kuti azisunga kuchuluka kwa shuga ndi mitundu ya insulin yomwe yalowetsedwa. Kwa achinyamata, njira yabwino kwambiri ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu apadera opangira zida zamagetsi zamagetsi.
Maphunziro a achinyamata m'masukulu ashuga ayenera kukhala pazotsatira za kusintha kwamankhwala mwanjira zachilendo: masiku obadwa, mowa, chakudya mwachangu, masewera kapena zopumira mokakamiza mu zakudya ndi jakisoni wa insulin.
Ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga kapena kukwera koyembekezeka, muyenera kuchepetsa gawo la chakudya kapena masewera olimbitsa thupi. Njira imodzi ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa insulin yochepa, koma dziwani kuti kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa kumathandizira kulemera, komanso matenda a insulin.
Njira zoyenera kuchitira odwala matenda ashuga achinyamata ndi izi:
- Kusala shuga m'magazi 5.5-5.9 mmol / L.
- Glycemia atatha kudya (pambuyo pa mphindi 120) ali pansi pa 7.5 mmol / L.
- Lipid wodziwika (mu mmol / l): cholesterol mpaka 4.5; triglycerides ali pansipa 1.7, LDL ndi yocheperako 2.5, ndipo HDL imaposa 1.1.
- Glycated hemoglobin nthawi zambiri imakhala pansi pa 6.5%.
- Kuthamanga kwa magazi mpaka 130/80 mm RT. Art.
Kukwaniritsa zolinga za glycemic zomwe zimachepetsa kwambiri zovuta za matenda ashuga zimatheka pokhapokha pokonza zakudya.
Muyeneranso kukonzekera kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamagulu omwe atengedwa ndi mlingo wa insulin, womwe ungathandize mayamwidwe awo.
Kodi mungapewe bwanji hypoglycemia mwa achinyamata omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga?
Mankhwala othandizira insulin, yomwe ndiyo njira yofunika kwambiri yochizira matenda amishuga a matenda a shuga kuubwana, komanso kusakhazikika kwa chakudya komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zambiri. Chifukwa chake, odwala oterowo ayenera kukhala nawo nthawi zonse msuzi wokoma kapena shuga.
Ndi digiri yofatsa, hypoglycemia imawonetsedwa ndikuwopsezedwa ndi njala, yomwe imayendetsedwa ndi kufooka, kupweteka mutu, manja ndi miyendo, kunjenjemera komanso kusintha kwa mikhalidwe - kusokonekera kwambiri kapena kukhumudwa. Mwana akhoza kumva chizungulire kapena kuona.
Ndi digirii yolimbitsa thupi, achinyamata amatha kusiya malingaliro awo m'malo, kuchita zinthu moyenera komanso osazindikira kuopsa kwa vutoli, ndikuyankha mokalipa poyeserera chithandizo chamankhwala. Ana akamwa kwambiri, ana amagwa, ndipo nthawi zina amakomoka.
Malamulo oyambira kupewa hypoglycemia:
- Mwazi wa magazi suyenera kugwera pansi pa 5 mmol / L.
- Onetsetsani kuti muyeza glycemia musanagone.
- Ngati shuga ndi wotsika kuposa 5mmol / l musanadye, ndiye kuti palibe jakisoni yemwe amaperekedwa musanadye, mwana ayenera kudya kaye, ndiye kuyeza shuga ndi kubayirira insulin.
- Osamwa zakumwa zoledzeretsa pamimba yopanda kanthu.
Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zambiri kumayambitsa hypoglycemia, chifukwa kufunika kwa glucose mu minofu minofu kumawonjezeka, ndipo mwakuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, mphamvu za glycogen zimatha. Zovuta zamasewera zimatha kukhala kwa maola 8-10. Chifukwa chake, kwa odwala matenda a shuga, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti muchepetse mlingo wa insulin womwe umayendetsedwa nthawi yayitali.
Popewa kuukira kwa hypoglycemia usiku, muyenera kudya mukamaphunzira. Achinyamata amafunikira chakudya pakatha mphindi 45 zilizonse. Pankhaniyi, muyenera kupeza theka la chakudya kuchokera ku zipatso, ndipo gawo lachiwiri liyenera kukhala ndi zovuta zamatumbo - mwachitsanzo, sangweji tchizi. Ndi pafupipafupi hypoglycemia, kusamutsa makalasi m'maola.
Kuti muthane ndi hypoglycemia yofatsa kapena yolimbitsa thupi, muyenera kumwa 10 ga a shuga m'magome (kapu imodzi ya madzi kapena chakumwa chokoma). Ngati Zizindikiro sizitha, ndiye kuti patatha mphindi 10 - bwerezani. Ndi shuga wambiri wotsika shuga, glucagon amayenera kubayidwa, pambuyo pake mwanayo adye.
Kuopsa kosautsa pafupipafupi kwa hypoglycemia mu matenda ashuga ndikuti kuwonongeka kwa ubongo kumayamba pang'onopang'ono, komwe kumatha kuchepetsa luntha lamtsogolo. Kwa ana, chinthu chomvetsa chisoni kwambiri chimakhala chotengera cha zomwe anzawo akuchita pamakhalidwe otere osakhudzidwa.
Choopsa kwambiri muubwana ndikugwiritsa ntchito zakumwa zoledzeretsa zomwe zimakhala ndi hypoglycemia. Tisaiwale kuti pakakhala vuto lalikulu, glucagon kumayambiriro kwa mowa sagwira ntchito, choncho wachinyamata amafunikira kuchipatala mwachangu komanso kuyamwa kwa njira yokhazikika ya shuga.
Katswiri kuchokera pa kanema munkhaniyi akamba za kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.
