Munthu yemwe wapezeka ndi matenda a shuga amakhala ndi nkhawa kuti ali ndi mtundu wanji wa matenda ashuga, ndizomwe zimayambitsa matendawa komanso kukula kwa matenda mthupi komanso zomwe zimathandizira kuti ayambe kudwala matenda ashuga.
Kukula kwa matenda ashuga m'thupi kumalumikizidwa ndi kusowa kwa insulini kapena kutuluka kwa chitetezo chokwanira cha maselo a maselo otengera insulin ku timadzi timeneti.
Pali mitundu iwiri yamatenda:
- Type 1 shuga mellitus ndi matenda omwe amadalira insulini, pomwe amakwaniritsidwa kupanga kapamba wa insulin kapena kuchepa kwa mankhwala a insulin pang'ono. Matenda amtundu uwu ndi ovuta kwambiri komanso ovuta kuwongolera.
- Type 2 shuga mellitus amadziwika kuti ndi matenda omwe amakula nthawi zambiri mwa anthu achikulire. Matendawa amadziwika ndi kupanga insulini pang'onopang'ono komanso kupezeka kwa insulin yolimbana ndi insulin.
Kukula kwa matenda ashuga kumatha kukhala chifukwa cha zosayenera komanso zosagwirizana ndi zakudya, kupezeka kwamavuto nthawi zambiri, kunenepa kwambiri, kukula kwa kachilombo komwe kamayambitsa matenda mthupi, mavuto obadwa nawo komanso matenda am'mimba.
Zizindikiro zazikulu za matendawa ndi izi:
- mawonekedwe akumva ludzu lamphamvu;
- kugawa mkodzo wambiri;
- nthawi zina, chifukwa cha kumasulidwa kwamikodzo yambiri, madzi amadzimadzi amadzimadzi.
Kuzindikira matendawa kumachitika ndi njira yachipatala yoyezera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'madzi am'magazi.
Matenda a shuga amtundu wa 1 samachiritsika ndipo amafunikira chithandizo cha insulini moyo wonse. Kuwongolera kwa glucose wodwala ndi mtundu 1 wa shuga kumachitika ndi subcutaneous makonzedwe okhazikika a insulin.
Kuwongolera matenda a shuga kumathandiza kupewa kutukuka kwamavuto obwera chifukwa cha shuga m'thupi.
Pamaso pa mtundu 2 wa shuga m'magazi a wodwala, kuyambitsa insulini m'thupi kumafunika pokhapokha mwadzidzidzi.
Ndi kuwonjezeka pang'ono kwa glucose wa plasma, ndikokwanira kumwa mankhwala oyenera omwe amalimbikitsa ntchito ya maselo a pancreatic beta, ndikuwonjezera kupanga kwa insulin.
Zoyenera kuchita ngati mtundu 1 wa shuga wapezeka?
Kuchita zochizira sikubweretsa kuchira kwathunthu kumatenda, ndipo mawonekedwe a shuga m'thupi atatha, sangathe kuchiritsidwa kwathunthu, amakhalabe ndi moyo.
Chithandizo cha matendawa chimachitika ndi endocrinologist, mtundu wa mankhwala omwe amathandizira umadalira mtundu wa matenda a shuga omwe apezeka ndi zomwe munthu ali nawo mthupi la munthu.
Mtundu woyamba wa matenda a shuga a mellitus, mankhwala a insulin ndi ntchito yofunika. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa insulin kumakupatsani mwayi wolamulira kuchuluka kwa shuga m'thupi. Masiku ano, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya insulin imapangidwa. Kutengera kutalika kwa kuchitapo kanthu, ma insulins amagawidwa panjira yayifupi, yapakati komanso yayitali.
Kuchita insulin yothandizira odwala matenda ashuga kumayambitsa kuyambitsa kulowa mthupi popanda kunenepa kwambiri, 0.5-1 unit ya insulin pa kilogalamu yolemera.
Chithandizo cha matenda ashuga chimafuna chakudya choyenera. Zakudya za wodwalayo zimatengera kuchepa kwa chakudya chamafuta. Kuchepetsa zakudya zokhala ndi cholesterol kumafunikiranso. Izi ndi monga:
- batala;
- mafuta ochulukirapo;
- mafuta;
- dzira;
Zipatso ndi masamba ochulukirapo ziyenera kuwonjezeredwa muzakudya. Sizoletsedwa kudya kapena kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito zochepa zotsatirazi zochokera kuchomera:
- mphesa;
- Persimmon;
- zoumba;
- nthochi
- mbatata
Kugwiritsa ntchito zakumwa zotsekemera ndi zakumwa zozizilitsidwa ndi kaboni, zomwe zimakhala ndi shuga wambiri, sizikulimbikitsidwa.
M'moyo wonse, kukonza momwe thupi liliri liyenera kuchitidwa maphunziro akuthupi. Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi moyenera kumatha kusintha wodwalayo.
Kutsatira malangizo onse omwe dokotala amupatsirani amalola kuti muzikhala ndi mashuga mthupi komanso musamaope kukula kwa zovuta ndi zovuta zina mthupi.
Zoyenera kuchita mukazindikira matenda a shuga a 2?
Pochizira matenda a shuga 2, mankhwalawa safunikira, kawirikawiri, kukonzekera kwa mahomoni kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti muchepetse shuga yambiri mthupi, yomwe imayambitsa kukomoka kwa hyperglycemic. Mankhwalawa, mankhwala othandizira pakudya ndi maphunziro akuthupi amagwiritsidwa ntchito, kuwonjezera pa izi, mankhwala othandizira amagwiritsidwa ntchito, omwe amakhala ndi kumwa mankhwala a hypoglycemic.
Mankhwalawa amakulitsa chidwi cha maselo odalira insulin kuti apange insulini, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti shuga azilowa m'maselo kudzera mu membrane wa cell. Kuphatikiza pa njirazi, ntchito yoletsa imagwira ntchito pofuna kupewa kukula kwa zovuta mthupi.
Pofuna kudziletsa pa shuga m'thupi, ma glucometer ophatikizika amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Zitsamba ndizothandiza kwambiri pochiza matendawa. Zitsamba zothandiza kwa matenda ashuga, kugwiritsa ntchito kwake komwe kumalimbikitsidwa ndi madokotala azikhalidwe komanso akatswiri azachipatala, ndi awa:
- nkhwangwa yakuda;
- phulusa la kumapiri;
- rasipiberi;
- zipatso zamtchire;
- mabulosi akutchire
- mabulosi oyera;
- mbewu ya nyemba;
- tirigu wa oat;
- chikwama cha mbuzi;
- mizu ya burdock ndi ena.
Kukonzekera kwazitsamba sikuti kumathandizira kuchepetsa shuga wamagazi, komanso kumakhudza kugwira ntchito kwa ziwalo zamkati ndi machitidwe awo.
Mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda a shuga a 2
Chithandizo cha mankhwala osokoneza bongo ziyenera kuchitika mwa wodwala yemwe samadalira insulin wodwala mellitus kuti akwaniritse zotsatira zabwino sizotheka ndi thandizo la zakudya komanso masewera olimbitsa thupi.
Kuti mupeze zotsatira zabwino pa mankhwalawa a mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, ndikofunikira kuti pakhale zakudya zoyenera komanso kuperekanso mphamvu zolimbitsa thupi, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala.
Kuchita kwa mankhwalawa kumapangitsanso kukhazikika kwa shuga mthupi la wodwalayo polimbikitsa kupanga insulin kapena popewa kutsekeka kwa glucose kuchokera ku lumen ya m'mimba.
Magulu odziwika kwambiri komanso otchuka a mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiritsa ndi awa:
- alpha glucosidase zoletsa;
- kukonzekera kwa sulfonylurea;
- khwawa.
Kusankhidwa kwa mankhwala am'magulu amodzi kapena gulu kumadalira zinthu zambiri, makamaka kuchuluka kwa hyperglycemia, mkhalidwe wa wodwalayo, kupezeka kapena kusakhalapo kwa zovuta ndi matenda opatsirana komanso zomwe wodwala amakonda.
Kusankhidwa kwa mankhwala kumathandizidwanso ndi mawonekedwe a pulogalamuyi komanso kupezeka kwa zovuta zoyipa, msinkhu wa wodwalayo ndi thupi lake.
Makhalidwe a mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda a shuga
Alfa glucosidase zoletsa ndi mankhwala atsopano, mankhwalawa amapereka mu thupi kuchepa kwa mayamwidwe am'mimba m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono.
Chithandizo chotchuka kwambiri m'gululi ndi Glucobay. Mankhwalawa ndi acarbose pseudotetrasaccharide. Chida chogwiritsira ntchito chatsimikizira kugwira ntchito kwake kokwanira, mankhwalawa amathandizira kuchepa kwa shuga ku lumen yaing'ono, kuphatikiza apo, mankhwalawa amalepheretsa kukula kwa shuga m'magazi komanso kupezeka kwa hyperglycemia m'thupi.
Chizindikiro chachikulu chogwiritsa ntchito chida ichi ndi kuperewera kwa mulingo wa shuga mthupi la wodwala ndi chakudya chamagulu.
Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda a shuga a 2 odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a pancreatic beta cell cell a insulin.
Mankhwala angagwiritsidwe ntchito mosasamala shuga pakagwiritsidwe ntchito ka mankhwala a insulin komanso kuchepetsedwa kwa mlingo wa insulin womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Glucobai siivomerezeka kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ammimba, ndipo mankhwalawa amadziwikiratu pamaso pa gastroparesis mwa wodwala chifukwa cha matenda ashuga a m'mimba.
Chimodzi mwazida zotchuka kwambiri komanso zogwira mtima ndizomwe zimachokera ku sulfonylurea. Othandizira awa amawonjezera kuchuluka kwa insulin yopanga, kuyambitsa insulin ya thupi ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa glycogen m'chiwindi.
Mankhwala odziwika kwambiri, ogwira mtima komanso otchuka ndi omwe ali m'gululi:
- Gliclazide;
- Glibenclamide;
- Glimepiride.
Gliclazide ndiyothandiza kwambiri machitidwe ake poyerekeza ndi glibenclamide. Mankhwalawa amalimbikitsa gawo loyambirira la kapangidwe ka insulin. Kuphatikiza apo, mankhwalawa amachepetsa kukhuthala kwa magazi, komwe kumapangitsa magazi kuyenda bwino.
Mankhwala a gulu la Biguanide sagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupipafupi chifukwa kukhalapo kwa mndandanda waukulu wotsutsana.
Ndalamazi siziloledwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati wodwala ali ndi matenda a impso, mtima, ndi chiwindi. Kuphatikiza apo, mankhwala a gululi salimbikitsidwa kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito ndi odwala okalamba.
Biguanides amakhudza kagayidwe, kulepheretsa njira ya gluconeogeneis ndikuwonjezera kuyankha kwa maselo am'mimba kupita ku insulin.
Zakudya zopatsa thanzi komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala azikhalidwe za anthu odwala matenda ashuga
Zithandizo za anthu a shuga zimagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi chithandizo chamankhwala. Chithandizo chilichonse cha mankhwala azitsamba chikuyenera kusinthidwa pakapita miyezi iwiri iliyonse. Kugwiritsa ntchito wowerengeka azitsamba matenda a shuga kumalepheretsa kupezeka kwa zotupa zamtima, zomwe zimapanga chiwalo cha masomphenya, kwamikodzo dongosolo ndi chiwindi.
Ngati sikutheka kupewa zovuta, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kwa odwala matenda ashuga kungachedwetse kuyambika kwa zovuta izi. Kukonzekera kwazitsamba kumagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi mankhwala ena achikhalidwe mankhwala.
Kuwongolera mkhalidwe wamthupi pogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala azitsamba kumadziwonekera pakatha milungu 3-4 mutayamba kumwa mankhwalawa. Musanayambe kumwa mankhwala aliwonse, muyenera kufunsa dokotala. Kuphatikiza apo, muyenera kudziwa bwino mndandanda wazolakwika zomwe zigawo zonse zomwe zimaphatikizidwa muzitsamba zamagulu azitsamba.
Mankhwala othandizira odwala matenda ashuga akupangidwa ndi katswiri wazakudya kapena wodwala matenda ashuga.
Mukamapangira zakudya za odwala matenda ashuga, zotsatirazi ziyenera kutsatiridwa:
- Kuchokera pachakudya sichiyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga shuga ndi zakudya zonse zomwe zimakhala ndi shuga.
- Zokometsera ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuwonjezera kukoma kwa chakudya.
- Pofuna kutsogolera thupi kukonza mafuta, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito zonunkhira.
- Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti muzidya adyo ambiri, anyezi ndi kabichi, udzu winawake ndi sipinachi.
- Kuchokera pachakudya musankhe kofi, womwe uyenera kusinthidwa ndi chicory.
Kugwiritsa ntchito masewera olimbitsa thupi kuchiza matenda a shuga
Thandizirani kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi am'magazi a wodwala matenda a shuga ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi ndikulimbitsa thupi.
Akatswiri azolimbitsa thupi apanga masewera osiyanasiyana olimbitsa thupi omwe amalimbikitsidwa kuti azichita ngati pali matenda ashuga m'thupi.
Zochita zoterezi zimalimbikitsidwa kwa odwala omwe alibe zovuta kwambiri m'thupi.
Masewera olimbitsa thupi osavuta kwambiri ndi awa:
- Wogwirizira kumbuyo kwa mpando kapena khoma, wodwalayo ayenera kukweza thupi lake kumapazi 1520.
- Wogwirizira kumbuyo kwa mpando, muyenera kukhala pansi nthawi 10.
- Wodwalayo amagona kumbuyo kwake ndikudzutsa miyendo yake pakona madigiri 60, pambuyo pake amayenera kukanikiza miyendo yake kukhoma ndikugona pansi kwa mphindi 3 mpaka 5.
- Wodwalayo azikhala pampando kuti akonze zowonjezerazo zala zakumiyendo ndikupinda miyendo molumikizana mawondo kuyambira nthawi 8 mpaka 15 munjira imodzi.
- Pambuyo pamaphunziro akuthupi amalimbikitsidwa kuti azitsogolera kuyenda moyenderera. Mukuyenda, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tisinthane pakati pathamanga ndi liwiro.
Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kuyenera kuchitidwa kangapo momwe wodwala azindikira, koma thupi siliyenera kutopa.
Mukamachita masewera olimbitsa thupi, katunduyo akuyenera kuwonjezeka pang'onopang'ono, osapondereza thupi.
Maphikidwe otchuka a mankhwala achikhalidwe
Kulimbikitsa kupanga insulini ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zothandiza kuti munthu akhale ndi matenda ashuga. Njira imodzi yothanirana ndi mankhwala achikhalidwe yomwe imalimbikitsa kupanga insulini ndi kapamba ndi kulowetsedwa katatu kwa matenda amtundu uliwonse.
Utatu tincture uli ndi zigawo zitatu, kukonzekera komwe kuli motere.
300 ml ya mowa wamphamvu uyenera kutsanulidwa mu 50 gm ya anyezi, kuphwanyidwa kukhala boma la phala, ndipo osakaniza amayenera kusungidwa kwa masiku 5 mumdima. Pambuyo pa izi, osakaniza ayenera kusefedwa.
300 ml ya mowa wamphamvu umathiridwa mu 50 magalamu a akanadulidwa masamba, pambuyo pake osakaniza amakhala ndi sabata limodzi mumdima. Pambuyo posakaniza kulowetsedwa, uyenera kusefedwa.
Kuti mukonzekere gawo lachitatu, muyenera kupera udzu wazodzaza ndi 300 ml ya mowa wamphamvu. Zotsatira zosakanikirana zimayenera kuphatikizidwa kwa sabata pamalo amdima, pambuyo pa kulowetsedwa, kusakaniza kumasefedwa.
Kuti mukonzekere mankhwala omaliza, muyenera kutenga 150 ml ya kapangidwe koyamba, kusakaniza ndi 60 ml ya wachiwiri ndi 40 ml ya wachitatu. The zikuchokera ayenera kumwedwa supuni imodzi tsiku lililonse 20 mphindi asanadye kadzutsa komanso asanagone.
Pokonzekera matenda a shuga kupangitsa kuti pakhale shuga, kugwiritsa ntchito ma oak acorns ngati ufa, Brussels timadziti timadziti, msuzi wa mandimu ndi mazira, madzi a mandala ndi tincture wa mandimu umapereka bwino kwambiri.
Mu kanema munkhaniyi, maphikidwe angapo a anthu odwala matenda ashuga amaperekedwa.
