Matenda a 2 a matenda a shuga ndi matenda osadzimiririka. Komabe, zinthu zenizeni masiku ano zikukakamiza anthu kuti azisonyeza chidwi cha matenda ashuga amitundu iwiri, Zizindikiro ndi chithandizo, popeza pafupifupi 90% ya anthu odwala matenda ashuga amagwera mtundu wachiwiri.
Awa ndi matenda amtundu wa endocrine omwe amayambitsidwa ndi kuchepa kwa chidwi cha thupi pakupezeka ndi insulin. Zotsatira zake, kagayidwe kazakudya kamasamba amasokonekera ndipo kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumawonjezeka.
Dziko lonse limavutika ndi matendawa, motero, matenda ashuga sawoneka pachabe ngati mliri wa zaka za XXI.
Zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa komanso magulu omwe ali pachiwopsezo
Asayansi sangadziwe chomwe chimapangitsa kuti maselo aumunthu ndi minyewa sizigwirizana kwenikweni pakupanga insulin. Komabe, chifukwa cha maphunziro ambiri, adatha kuzindikira zinthu zazikulu zomwe zimawonjezera mwayi wopezeka ndi matendawa:
- Kuphwanya maziko a maholomo mutha msinkhu, komwe kumalumikizidwa ndi kukula kwa mahomoni.
- Kunenepa kwambiri, komwe kumapangitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi komanso kuyika kwa cholesterol pamakoma amitsempha yamagazi, ndikupangitsa matenda a atherosulinosis.
- Jenda ya munthu. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti azimayi amatha kukhala ndi matenda ashuga a 2.
- Mtundu. Matenda a shuga a Type 2 awonetsedwa kuti ndi 30% ochulukirapo mu mpikisano wakuda.
- Khalidweli. Ngati makolo onse ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2, ndiye kuti mwina atakhala ndi 60-70% adzakula mwa mwana wawo. Amapasa mu 58-65% milandu, matendawa amakula nthawi imodzi, amapasa mu 16-30% milandu.
- Kuphwanya ntchito kwa chiwindi ndi matenda enaake, hemochromatosis, etc.
- Zovuta zam'mimba za beta.
- Mankhwala okhala ndi beta-blockers, antipsychotic atypical, glucocorticoids, thiazides, etc.
- Nthawi yobereka mwana. Panthawi yapakati, minofu yathupi imakhudzidwa kwambiri ndikupanga insulin. Matendawa amatchedwa matenda a shuga (gestationalabetes), mwana akangobadwa kumene amachoka, nthawi zina, amapezeka ndi matenda ashuga 2.
- Zizolowezi zoyipa - kusuta fodya, moledzera.
- Zakudya zopanda pake.
- Moyo wopanda ntchito.
Gulu lowopsa lachitukuko cha matendawa limaphatikizapo anthu:
- ndi cholowa chamabadwa;
- Zambiri
- kumwa pafupipafupi glucocorticoids;
- ndikupanga makatoni;
- akudwala matenda - Itsenko-Cushing (chotupa cha adrenal gland) ndi acromegaly (chotupa cha pituitary);
- akudwala atherosulinosis, angina pectoris, matenda oopsa;
- ndi matenda a ziwopsezo, mwachitsanzo, eczema, neurodermatitis, etc;
- ndi kuwonjezeka kwa shuga wamagazi chifukwa cha vuto la mtima, sitiroko, matenda, kapena pakati;
Gulu la oopsawo limaphatikizapo azimayi omwe anali ndi mimba yatsoka kapena kulemera kwa mwana pakubadwa woposa 4 kg.
Zizindikiro za matenda a shuga a 2
Ndi chitukuko cha matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri, zizindikilo ndi chithandizo chake ndizofanana ndi zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga 1. Nthawi zambiri, zizindikiro zoyambirira za matenda ashuga 2 zimawonekera pakatha miyezi yochepa, ndipo nthawi zina patadutsa zaka zochepa (mtundu wotsika wa matendawa).
Poona koyamba, zizindikiro za matenda a shuga 2 sizosiyana ndi mtundu 1 wa shuga. Komabe pali kusiyana. Panthawi ya matenda a shuga a 2 mwa munthu, zizindikiro:
- Ludzu lalikulu, kufunitsitsa kosalekeza kosowa. Kuwonetsedwa kwa zizindikiro zotere kumalumikizidwa ndi kuwonjezeka kwa katundu pa impso, komwe kumayenera kuchotsa thupi la shuga kwambiri. Popeza alibe madzi chifukwa cha njirayi, amayamba kutulutsa madzimadzi kuchokera ku minofu.
- Kutopa, kukwiya, chizungulire. Popeza glucose ndi zinthu zamagetsi, kusowa kwake kumayambitsa kusowa mphamvu m'maselo ndi minofu ya thupi. Chizungulire chikugwirizana ndi ntchito ya ubongo, woyamba kuvutika ndi osakwanira kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.
- Zowonongeka zomwe zimayambitsa kukula kwa matendawa - matenda ashuga retinopathy. Kuphwanya kachitidwe ka ziwiya mumakanda amaso kumachitika, chifukwa chake, ngati mawanga akuda ndi zofooka zina zitawoneka m'chithunzichi, muyenera kufunsa dokotala.
- Njala, ngakhale ndi chakudya chochuluka.
- Kuuma pakamwa.
- Kuchepa kwamisempha.
- Khungu loyera ndi zotupa.
Popeza matendawa amakhala nthawi yayitali, matendawa amatha kukulirakulira.
Odwala amatha kudandaula za matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri, monga matenda yisiti, kupweteka ndi kutupa miyendo, dzanzi miyendo, komanso kuchiritsa kwa bala kwa nthawi yayitali.
Zotheka zotheka pakukula kwa matendawa
Mavuto osiyanasiyana amayamba chifukwa cholephera kupeza zakudya zoyenera, zizolowezi zoipa, moyo wopanda ntchito, matenda osadziwika bwino komanso chithandizo chamankhwala. Wodwala atha kudwala matenda obwera chifukwa cha matenda a 2:
- Matendawa odwala matenda ashuga (hypersmolar), ofuna kuchipatala mwachangu komanso kupatsanso chiyembekezo.
- Hypoglycemia - kuchepa kwambiri kwa shuga m'magazi.
- Polyneuropathy ndikusokonekera kwamphamvu kwamiyendo ndi manja chifukwa chofooka chogwira ntchito kumapeto kwa mitsempha ndi mitsempha yamagazi.
- Retinopathy ndimatenda omwe amakhudza retina ndipo amatsogolera pakufalikira.
- Fuluwenza pafupipafupi kapena SARS chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa chitetezo chamthupi.
- Matenda a Periodontal ndi matenda a chingamu omwe amachitika chifukwa cha kukanika kwa mtima ndi kagayidwe kazakudya.
- Kupezeka kwa zilonda zam'mimba chifukwa cha kuchiritsidwa kwa nthawi yayitali mabala ndi zipsera.
- Kuchepa kwa Erectile mwa amuna, komwe kumachitika zaka 15 m'mbuyomu kuposa anzawo. Kuthekera kwa kupezeka kwake kumachokera ku 20 mpaka 85%.
Kutengera ndi zomwe tafotokozazi, zikuwonekeratu chifukwa chake mtundu wachiwiri wa shuga uyenera kuzindikirika mofulumira.
Kuzindikira matendawa
Kuti muwone kukhalapo kapena kusowa kwa mtundu 2 wa shuga, muyenera kudutsa mayesowo kangapo - kuyesa kwa glucose kapena kuphunzira kwa plasma pamimba yopanda kanthu. Kuwunikira nthawi imodzi sikungawonetse zotsatira zoyenera. Nthawi zina munthu amatha kudya maswiti ambiri kapena kukhala wamanjenje, ndiye kuti shuga imakwera. Koma izi siziphatikizidwa ndi kukula kwa matendawa.
Kuyesedwa kwa glucose kumatsimikiza kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kumwa madzi (300 ml), mutasungunuka kale shuga mkati mwake (75 g). Pambuyo maola 2, kusanthula kumaperekedwa, ngati mungapeze zotsatira zoposa 11.1 mmol / l, mutha kulankhula za matenda ashuga.
Kafukufuku wa plasma glucose amawonetsa kukula kwa hyper- ndi hypoglycemia. Kusanthula kumapangidwira m'mimba yopanda kanthu m'mawa. Mukapeza zotsatira, momwe zimakhalira mwa achikulire zimawerengedwa kuti ndizofunikira kuchokera 3.9 mpaka 5.5 mmol / L, boma lapakatikati (prediabetes) - kuyambira 5.6 mpaka 6.9 mmol / L, shuga mellitus - kuyambira 7 mmol / L kapena kupitilira.
Odwala ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2 ali ndi chida chapadera chodziwira shuga - glucometer. Mlingo wa glucose uyenera kutsimikizika katatu patsiku (m'mawa, ola limodzi mutatha kudya ndi madzulo).
Musanagwiritse ntchito, muyenera kuwerenga mosamala malangizo omwe aphatikizidwa.
Malangizo othandizira odwala matenda amtundu wa 2 shuga
Musanamwe mankhwala, muyenera kusintha moyo wanu.
Dokotala wofikirayo nthawi zambiri amafotokoza njira yochizira, poganizira zomwe wodwalayo ali nazo.
Matendawa monga matenda a shuga a 4 mellitus 4 ayenera kuvomerezedwa pakumwa. Izi ndi izi:
- Zakudya zoyenera. Kwa odwala matenda ashuga, adokotala amatipatsa zakudya zapadera. Nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo masamba ndi zipatso, zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi fiber ndi zakudya zamagulu ambiri. Siyani maswiti, makeke, zinthu zophika mkate ndi nyama yofiira.
- Kuphatikiza pakupuma komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Moyo wokangalika ndi panacea, makamaka kwa matenda ashuga. Mutha kuchita yoga, kuthamangira m'mawa kapena kungoyenda.
- Kumwa mankhwala antidiabetes. Odwala ena amatha kumwa popanda kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kuyang'ana zakudya zapadera komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Mankhwala odzipatsa okha saloledwa, ndi dokotala yekhayo amene angakupatseni mankhwala ena, kuwonetsa mlingo woyenera.
- Kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa shuga, wodwalayo amatha kupewa hypo- kapena hyperglycemia.
Kungowona zofunikira izi, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kumakhala kothandiza, ndipo mkhalidwe wa wodwalayo ukupita bwino.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo
Ndi matenda a shuga a 2, odwala ambiri akudabwa kuti ndi mankhwala ati omwe amayenera kumwa. Masiku ano, pochiza matenda a shuga, mankhwala amakono apita patsogolo. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti simungathe kudzichitira nokha mankhwala. Dokotala atha kukulembera:
- Mankhwala omwe amalimbikitsa kupanga insulin - Diabeteson, Amaril, Tolbutamide, Novonorm, Glipizid. Ambiri achinyamata ndi okhwima nthawi zambiri amalolera ndalamazi, koma kuwunika kwa anthu okalamba sikwabwino. Nthawi zina, mankhwalawa amachokera ku matendawa amatha kuyambitsa ziwengo ndi adrenal gland.
- Wothandizirana yemwe amachepetsa kuyamwa kwa shuga m'matumbo. Piritsi lililonse la mankhwalawa lili ndi mankhwala - metformin. Izi zikuphatikizapo Gliformin, Insufor, Fomu Pliva, Diaformin. Kuchita kwa mankhwalawa ndikulimbikitsa kukhazikika kwa shuga mu chiwindi ndikuwonjezera chidwi cha minofu kuti insulin.
- Glycosidase inhibitors, omwe amaphatikizapo acarbose. Mankhwalawa amakhudza ma enzyme omwe amathandizira kuthana ndi zovuta za m'magazi kuti azikhala ndi glucose, kuwaletsa. Zotsatira zake, njira za mayamwidwe za glucose zimalephereka.
- Fenofibrate ndi mankhwala omwe amathandizira alpha receptors kuti achepetse kupita patsogolo kwa atherosulinosis. Mankhwalawa amalimbitsa makoma amitsempha yamagazi, amasintha kayendedwe ka magazi ndikuletsa kupezeka kwa zovuta zazikulu monga retinopathy ndi nephropathy.
Popita nthawi, kugwiritsa ntchito bwino mankhwalawa kumachepa. Chifukwa chake, adotolo amatha kupatsa mankhwala mankhwala a insulin.
Matenda a shuga a Mtundu Wachiwiri amatha kubweretsa zovuta zambiri, chifukwa chake insulin imalamulidwa kulipiritsa shuga.
Zithandizo za anthu a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri
Chithandizo cha mankhwala pachikhalidwe cha matenda a shuga 2 chitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi njira yayikulu ya chithandizo.
Zimalimbitsa chitetezo cha wodwalayo ndipo sizikhala ndi mavuto.
Njira zotsatirazi zingakuthandizeni kukhazikitsa zomwe mumapanga:
- Kulowetsedwa kwa khungwa la aspen ndi njira yothandiza pakatikati pa matenda a shuga. M'madzi otentha (0.5 l) ponyani supuni ya khungwa, wiritsani kwa mphindi 15 ndikuzizirira. Decoction wotere uyenera kumwedwa 50 ml musanadye katatu patsiku.
- "Chakumwa chapadera cha odwala matenda ashuga", chotsimikiziridwa ndi mibadwo yambiri. Kuti mukonzekere, muyenera masamba owuma a mabulosi abulu, masamba a nyemba ndi mizu ya burdock, 15 mg iliyonse. Sakanizani ndi kutsanulira zosakaniza zonse ndi madzi otentha, kusiya kwa pafupifupi maola 10. A decoction amamwa katatu patsiku kwa makapu 0,5. Njira ya mankhwala ndi mwezi umodzi, ndiye kuti kupuma kumapangidwa kwa masabata awiri.
- Cinnamon decoction ndi njira ina yabwino kwambiri yothandizira matenda a shuga a mtundu 2, omwe amasintha chidwi cha maselo kuti apange insulini komanso amachotsa kutupa m'thupi. Kukonzekera kulowetsedwa, kuthira madzi otentha supuni ya sinamoni, kunena kwa theka la ola, ndiye kuwonjezera supuni ziwiri za uchi ndikusakaniza bwino. Mankhwalawa agawidwe pawiri - m'mawa ndi madzulo. Muthanso kugwiritsa ntchito kefir ndi sinamoni kuti muchepetse shuga.
Kuti mumvetsetse momwe matenda a shuga amathandizira, mutha kuwona chithunzi ndi kanema yemwe amafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane za matenda amtundu wa 2.
Mpaka pano, mankhwala amakono samapereka yankho ku funso loti mtundu wa matenda ashuga a 2 angachiritsidwe bwanji kuti athetse. Tsoka ilo, uku ndikudziwitsa za moyo. Koma kudziwa mtundu wa matenda a shuga a 2, mawonekedwe ake ndi chithandizo chake, mutha kukhala ndi moyo wathunthu.
Katswiri mu kanema mu nkhani iyi azikambirana zomwe zikuwoneka ndi matenda ashuga a mtundu 2.
