Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunikira mthupi zomwe zimagwira gawo logaya chakudya m'mimba ndi kapamba. Anthu ambiri amalakwitsa kwambiri pokhulupirira kuti kugaya chakudya kumachitika kokha kudzera m'mimba.
Zachidziwikire, ziwalo zonse zamkati ndi machitidwe m'thupi la munthu zimakhala pachiyanjano cholimba, ngati kulephera kumachitika mu unyolowu, ndiye kuti kuphwanya kuyenera kuwonekera m'thupi lathunthu.
Udindo wa kapamba pakugaya ndiwofunika. Pakakhala kuphwanya magwiridwe antchito a chiwalocho, izi zimakwiyitsa dongosolo logaya chakudya ndi zonse zomwe zikutsatira.
Kuchokera pamalingaliro owoneka bwino, kapamba ali ndi mawonekedwe osavuta. Imagawika mu tiziwalo tating'onoting'ono ndi duct system, momwe timadzi timene timapangidwira chakudya timasunthira ku lumen ya duodenum.
Kapangidwe ka chiwindi ndi kapamba
Chifukwa chake, taganizirani kapangidwe ka chiwindi ndi kapamba. Pancreas ili pakati pa 1 ndi 2 a lumbar vertebra, omwe ali kuseri kwa peritoneum. Iagawika m'magulu atatu - mutu ndi mchira, thupi.
Mutu umawoneka ngati dipatimenti yayikulu kwambiri, imasiyanitsidwa ndi malo ena ndi mzere wautali, ndipo chotchinga cha portal chimakhalamo. Chingwe chopendekera kuchokera kumutu, chimayenda ndi kulowa mumkati mwa kapamba kapena kumayenda mosiyanasiyana mu duodenum.
Thupi limakhala kwinakwake kumanzere, lili ndi mawonekedwe amakono. Kuchulukana kwakwanira kwa chiwembu kumasiyanasiyana kuyambira masentimita awiri mpaka asanu. Gawo laling'ono kwambiri la mkati ndi mchira. Kupyola kudutsa main duct, omwe amalumikizana ndi duodenum.
Magwiridwe a kapamba amapezeka mu izi:
- Thupi limatulutsa madzi a pancreatic, omwe amaphatikiza ma enzyme omwe amathandizira kugwetsa zinthu zomwe zimapangidwa ndi chakudya.
- Dera loyimiriridwa ndi ma cell a Langerhans, osalumikizana ndi ma pancreatic ducts, limapanga insulin, yomwe imalowa mwachindunji m'magazi a munthu.
Chiwindi ndi chiwalo chachikulu chamkati, cholemera pafupifupi 1,500 g, chomwe chili kumanja pansi pa diaphragm, parenchyma imadziwika ndi mawonekedwe opindika. Chiwindi, monga kapamba, chimagwira ntchito yayikuru pakukula kwa chimbudzi, ndikupanga bile - timadzi timene timapezeka m'mimba timomwe timathandiza kuthana ndi mafuta.
Yotulutsira bile imasungidwa mu ndulu, yomwe ili pafupi, ndipo imalowa m'matumbo kudzera mumkamwa panthawi yachakudya. Chiwindi, mosiyana ndi England, chimapangidwa modabwitsa.
Kwa nthawi yayitali, akatswiri azachipatala amakhulupirira kuti ntchito ya chiwindi ndikupanga bile. Koma kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti gawo lamoyo mthupi limakulanso.
Kufunika kwa chiwindi ndi kapamba kogwira ntchito yonse ya thupi ndikofunika. Ndi kuphwanya magwiridwe antchito a kapamba, matenda monga matenda a shuga, chifuwa chachikulu kapena chamba.
Chiwindi ndimtundu wa "labotale" wa mankhwala, pakugwira ntchito komwe chitetezo, metabolic ndi hematopoietic mthupi zimadalira.
Chitsulo pa chimbudzi
Kuchokera pamalingaliro azachipatala, pancreatic anatomy ndiyosavuta. Komabe, ntchito zomwe chitsulo chimachita sizophweka. Izi ndi zosiyana. Udindo wa chiwalo pakugaya umakhala wopepuka.
Ntchito yayikulu ndikupanga zinthu za enzyme zomwe zimathandizira kugaya chakudya. Exocrine pancreatic insuffence kumabweretsa matenda osiyanasiyana.
Mchitidwe wa kapamba umayendetsedwa ndi chakudya cha munthu, momwe amakhalira, ndi zina. Mwa michere yomwe yapangidwa, izi ndizodziwika:
- Amylase amathandizira kuchepetsa maunyolo am'madzi ambiri omwe amayenera kupezeka ma mamolekyulu a shuga, chifukwa ndi okhawo omwe angatengeke ndi minyewa.
- Lipase imakhudzanso mafuta, imathandizira kuphwanya izi pazinthu zosavuta - glycerin ndi mafuta acid. Ndi mu mawonekedwe awa omwe amakamwa panthawi ya chimbudzi.
- Nuc tafadhali imapatsa nucleic acid cleavage.
- Ma Enzymes a Profospholipase amakhudza zovuta zamafuta zamafuta, monga phospholipids.
Trypsinogen ndi enzyme ina yapachifuwa. Zochita zake zimakhala ndi kusiyana kwina - sizitenga nawo gawo logaya chakudya, chinthucho chimayendetsa ma enzyme ena omwe amathandiza kugwetsa mapuloteni.
Chiwindi chimayendetsa kagayidwe kachakudya mthupi, kupangira mapuloteni amwazi, ndikupanga bile. Ngati bile silinapangidwe mkati mwa masiku ochepa, munthuyo amafa.
Zikondazo zimagwira ntchito yayikulu mgaya, chifukwa ngati zalephera, michere imodzi kapena zingapo sizibisidwa kapena kupangidwamo zazing'onoting'ono, izi zimabweretsa zotsatira zoyipa.
Ntchito yodziwika pancreatic imakhudza digestibility ya zinthu zopindulitsa, mchere, mavitamini, mafuta, michere ndi mapuloteni, popanda zomwe ntchito yaumunthu siyotheka.
Zinthu za kapamba
Kugaya ntchito kwa kapamba ndi chiwindi ndiko njira yachilendo yopopera chakudya, motero, zinthu zofunika zimalowa m'thupi laumunthu mu kuchuluka kofunikira.
Zikondamoyo zimapanganso mahomoni - insulin ndi glucagon. Homoni yoyamba ya kapamba imatenga nawo mbali kagayidwe kachakudya, imakhudza digestibility ya zinthu zomwe zimabwera ndi chakudya. Amayang'anira kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Ngati mahomoni m'thupi ali ochepa kapena sanapangidwe konse, izi zimabweretsa kukula kwa matenda ashuga.
Mu matebulo azachipatala akuwonetsa mahomoni achiwiri omwe amapangika ndi kapamba ndipo ndi osiyana ndi insulin - glucagon. Chachilendo chake ndikuti imayendetsa mphamvu zopulumutsa m'thupi, imazisandutsa malo osungira omwe amalola ziwalo zonse ndi machitidwe kuti azigwira ntchito moyenera.
Kusokoneza kwa chithokomiro kukuwonetsa kuti sungatenge nawo mbali mthupi ndi michere mthupi. Njira zosiyanasiyana zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pofufuza ma pathologies - computed tomography, MRI, ultrasound, screening. Njira yotsirizayi imakupatsani mwayi wofufuza khansa ya pancreatic koyambirira kwambiri.
Kugwira ntchito kwa kapamba kumayendetsedwa ndi dongosolo lamanjenje lamkati. Mitsempha ya vagus ndiyo imayambitsa kuyambitsa kwa zochitika zake, ndipo kuchepa kwa ntchito kumachitika chifukwa cha kulowerera kwa machitidwe amanjenje achifundo. Amathandizanso pa kayendetsedwe ka madzi a pancreatic pancreatic. Ngati kupindika kwake kumawonjezeka, ndiye kuti zochitika za pancreatic zimangokulira.
Chodabwitsa kwambiri cha kutulutsa m'mimba ndikuti imatha kusintha. Mwachitsanzo, ngati chakudya chamafuta ambiri chakupezeka m'zakudya, chiwalo chamkati chimapanga ma amylase ambiri, chifukwa ma enzyme awa amawaphwanya. Menyu ukamayang'aniridwa ndi zakudya zamafuta, zomwe zili mu lipase mu madzi a pancreatic zimawonjezeka.
Ntchito zazikuluzikulu za kapamba zimafotokozedwa mu kanema munkhaniyi.
