Kodi kapamba mwa anthu amakhala kuti ndipo amapweteka bwanji?

Njira yogaya chakudya imaphatikizapo kapamba, yemwe amapanga malita awiri a madzi a kapamba patsiku, omwe ndi nthawi 10 ya kuchuluka kwa chinsinsi chofunikira kuti atsimikizire kugaya bwino.

Ndiwosangalatsa kwambiri m'thupi la munthu, yomwe imagwira ntchito zingapo, kunja komanso kuzama.

Chifukwa cha zoyendetsedwa ndi zinthu zoyipa, mwachitsanzo, cholowa, zakudya zopanda thanzi, kumwa mowa mwauchidakwa, kunenepa kwambiri, matenda osiyanasiyana a ziwalozi.

Ena mwa iwo ndi osachiritsika ndipo amafuna kuwunikidwa nthawi zonse.

Kodi kapamba amapezeka kuti?

Chiwalochi chimagwira gawo lofunikira mthupi la munthu, chifukwa chimapanga michere ndi ma mahormone am'mimba.

Funso losangalatsalo limatsalira, kodi zikondamoyo zili kuti mwa anthu, chifukwa malo ake amasintha ndi zaka.

Chifukwa chake, mwa zatsopano, chiwalo chimalemera magalamu atatu okha, omwe amakhala pamwamba pamimba ndipo amamangiriridwa momasuka kukhoma lam'mimba. Akuluakulu, imakhala kumbuyo kwa m'mimba mu peritoneum, imagwira mwamphamvu kwambiri ku duodenum 12 yofanana ndi 1-2 lumbar vertebra.

Kuchulukitsa kwa chithokomiro cha munthu wamkulu ndi pafupifupi magalamu 70, ndipo kutalika kwake kumayambira 15 mpaka 22 sentimita.

Chiwalo chimadziwika ndi mawonekedwe a alveolar-tubular. Misonkhano ikuluikulu, kapamba amagawidwa m'magawo awa:

1. Mutu. Ili paboti lam'malo a duodenum 12 kotero kuti chivundikiro chomaliza chimafanana ndi chovala akavalo. Mutu umalekanitsidwa ndi thupi ndi poyambilira yapadera yomwe minyewa yam'madzi imadutsa. Komanso sanatorium duct amachokerako.
2. Thupi. Mawonekedwe ake achitatu amaphatikiza kutsogolo, pansi ndi kumbuyo. Kutsogolo kuli chifuwa chakumaso. Komwe kumunsi kwa thupi kuli pansipa pomwe pali gawo lozungulira. Kumbuyo kuli ndi ziwiya zamankhwala.
3. Mchira. Pamalo kumtunda ndi kumanzere, kufikira ndulu. Gawoli lili ndi mawonekedwe ngati peyala.

Kapangidwe kamkati kamakhala ndi mitundu iwiri ya zimakhala zomwe zimagwira ntchito za endocrine ndi exocrine. Parenchyma imaphatikizira acini - lobules yaying'ono yomwe minofu yolumikizira imadutsa. Ma acini onse ali ndi duct yawo yobisalira, iliyonse yomwe imalowa mumayendedwe wamba. Amatseguka m'matumbo a 12, kenako amalumikizana ndi duct wamba wa bile. Umu ndi momwe madzi a pancreatic amalowera mu duodenum 12.

Kasitomala amatulutsa mahomoni ofunikira - somatostatin, insulin ndi glucagon. Kupanga kwawo kwachindunji kumapezeka m'misumbu ya Langerhans, yomwe imakhala ndi intaneti ya mtima.

Izi zisamba zokhala ndi ma insulocytes - maselo omwe amatha kugawidwa m'mitundu isanu (alpha, beta, delta, D1 ndi maselo a PP). Pakatikati pa chilumbachi pamakhala ma microns 100 mpaka 300.

Kodi ntchito za chiwalo ndi chiyani?

Zikondwererozi zimakhudzidwa ndikugaya ndikuwongolera njira za endocrine.

Kutenga nawo gawo mgawo (ntchito ya exocrine).

Chiwalocho chimachokera ku ma enzymes apadera omwe ali gawo la madzi a pancreatic.

Ma enzyme amenewa ndi monga:

1. Trypsin ndi enzyme yomwe imaphwanya mapuloteni ndi ma peptides. Popeza kapamba ndiye gwero lokhalo la trypsin, kuchepa kwa kuponderezedwa kwake kungawonetse matenda osiyanasiyana a shuga (shuga, kapamba, ndi zina zambiri).
2. Amylase imafunika pakuwonongeka kwa chakudya chamagulu. Kubisika kwa enzime imeneyi kumachitika osati ndi thupi lokha, komanso ndi tiziwalo tating'onoting'ono.
3. Lipase ndi enzyme yosungunuka ndi madzi yomwe imaphwanya triglycerides, yotchedwanso mafuta osalowerera, mu glycerol ndi asidi apamwamba. Kuphatikiza pa kapamba, amatulutsa chiwindi, mapapu ndi matumbo.

Patatha mphindi 2-3 atatha kudya, kupanga michere yamagayikidwe amayamba. Itha kukhala mpaka maola 14. Madzi a pancreatic amayamba kugwira ntchito yake pokhapokha ndi mawonekedwe abwinobwino a bile ndi chiwindi. Izi ndichifukwa choti bile limakwiyitsa kutsegula kwa michere.

Kuwongolera njira za endocrine (endocrine ntchito). Zikondamoyo zimachita mbali yayikulu mu zochita za metabolic. Amatulutsa mahomoni awiri ofunika, insulin ndi glucagon, omwe amawongolera kagayidwe kazinthu.

Glucagon ndi mahomoni opangidwa ndi maselo a alpha a islet zida. Amayambitsa kutsindikidwa kwa shuga m'chiwindi monga glycogen. Ndikusowa kwa shuga m'magazi, kumayambitsa kuphwanya kwa glycogen. Chifukwa chake, magulu abwinobwino a shuga amabwezeretsedwa.

Insulin imapangidwa ndi maselo a beta. Tsiku lililonse, munthu amadya chakudya china, chomwe chimagawika m'molekyu yaying'ono, kuphatikizapo shuga. Popeza zina mwazakudya zimalowa m'magazi, ntchito ya insulin ndikutulutsa glucose muma cell.

Ngati chiwalo chawonongeka, kupanga insulin yokwanira kumabweretsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, omwe amawonetsedwa ndi zizindikiro za hyperglycemia.

Matenda a kapamba

Kusintha kwakukula kwambiri komwe kumapangitsa kuti thupi lizisintha mthupi, kuyambitsa mkwiyo.

Mothandizidwa ndi zinthu zina monga cholelithiasis, kudya kosapatsa thanzi komanso kumwa mowa mwauchidakwa, kutsegula kwa michere ya m'mimba kumachitika mu kapamba palokha.

Amayamba kuwongolera pang'onopang'ono chiwalocho, chomwe chimadziwika kuti chodzipukusa. Madzi a pancreatic sakalowa mu duodenum, amachititsa chimbudzi. Pathology imatha kuchitika pachimake (chowonjezera) komanso mawonekedwe osakhazikika.

Zizindikiro zazikulu za kapamba zimatha kuchitika motere:

• kupweteka kwakuthwa m'mimba;
• mavuto a dyspeptic;
• kuteteza khungu.

Kusakhazikika kwa Stool ndi chizindikiro chotchulidwa cha kapamba. Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa michere ya chakudya, chakudya chobwera sichikumbidwa bwino. Tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta chakudya komanso chosakanikirana cha mapsa chimapezeka mu ndowe.

Chofunika kwambiri ndi matenda ashuga - matenda omwe amadziwika kuti ndi mliri wa zana la 21 lino. Choyambitsa chenicheni cha "matenda okoma" mpaka pano sichinakhazikitsidwe. Komabe, kunenepa kwambiri komanso ma genetics ndi zinthu ziwiri zazikulu zomwe zimawonjezera ngozi ya matenda.

Muzochita zamankhwala, matenda a shuga amawerengedwa motere:

1. Wodalira insulini (mtundu I). Matendawa amakula ali aang'ono ndipo amakhala atasiya kupangira insulini. Chithandizo cha matenda a shuga chimaphatikizaponso kuphatikiza mankhwala okhala ndi insulin.
2. Osadzimira insulin (mtundu II). Dziwa matenda am'mbuyomu, kuyambira zaka 40 mpaka 40. Pankhaniyi, kupangika kwa insulini kumachitika chifukwa chakuchuluka kwa "cell chandama" chake.
3. Okakamiza. Pa nthawi ya pakati, vuto la m'mimba limachitika. Pachifukwa ichi, amayi oyembekezera amatha kupezeka ndi shuga m'magazi. Ndi chithandizo choyenera, matendawa amadzuka atabereka, apo ayi amayamba kukhala mtundu wachiwiri.

Amadziwikanso ndi matenda monga awa:

• cystic fibrosis - matenda obadwa mwatsopano, omwe amadziwika ndi kuwonongeka kwa zotumphukira za exocrine;
• khansa - kukula kwa zotupa zoyipa za kapamba kuchokera ku epithelium ya ma ducts kapena glandular minofu.

Kuphatikiza apo, mapangidwe a pseudocysts (chotupa cha benign) amatha kuchitika.

Kodi matendawa amachitika bwanji?

Kuzindikira matenda a kapamba ayenera kuyikapo maphunziro. Poyamba, katswiri amatola anamnesis.

Chidwi chachikulu chimaperekedwa pakhungu la wodwalayo komanso momwe zilili za mucous zimakhalira.

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ululu wam'mimba imatha kuwonetsa kuwonongeka kwa magawo osiyanasiyana a kapamba.

Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kudziwa momwe zikondamoyo za munthu zimapwetekera, zomwe zimayendera ndi kapamba. Chifukwa chake, ndikumva ululu mu hypochondrium yoyenera, mutu umakhudzidwa, hypochondrium yamanzere - mchira wa gland.

Shingles akuwonetsa kutukusira kwa thupi lonse. Wodwala atagona pambali pake, kupweteka kwapakati kumazindikirika.

Ngati pakufufuza komanso kuyang'ana wodwala, dokotalayo akuganiza kuti kapamba, cholinga cha mayeso a labotore ndi chofunikira:

• kuyezetsa magazi ambiri, komwe kumatsimikizira kuchuluka kwa leukocytes. Kukula kwake kumawonetsa kukhalapo kwa foci ya kutupa;
• mayeso a ntchito ya chiwindi michere - bilirubin, zamchere phosphatase, ALT, kuchuluka kwawo kungawonetse kukula kwa kapamba;
• kuzindikira kwa lipase, amylase ndi trypsin m'magazi;
• kuyesa kwa mkodzo ndende ya amylase;
• kuyezetsa magazi kwa glycated hemoglobin;
• kusanthula ndowe kupezeka kwa trypsin, chymotrypsin ndi mafuta;
• Kutsimikiza mtima ndende.

Njira zodziwitsa anthu za zida ndi izi:

1. Kuunika kwa Ultrasound (ultrasound) kumathandizira kuyang'ana kapamba ndikuphunzira kapangidwe kake. Pa phunziroli, kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ya chimbale, kupezeka kwa miyala komanso dziko lomwe limapezeka pompo.
2. Radiography, yomwe imakhazikitsidwa, kukula kwa ziwalo kumakulitsidwa kapena ayi.
3. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) kapena complication tomography (CT) - maphunziro omwe amathandizira kuzindikira pancreatic necrosis (parenchyma necrosis) komanso kudzikundikira kwa madzimadzi m'dera la retroperitoneal.
4. Endoscopy ndi kafukufuku momwe kafukufuku wapadera amayikidwira kuti afufuze momwe ziphuphu ndi bile ducts zilili.

Ndi matenda a shuga, kapamba ndi impso zimakhudzidwa kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, pakukambirana ndi wodwala, dokotalayo amatchulanso pafupipafupi momwe munthu amamwe madzi ndi kukodza. Zizindikiro monga kusakwiya, kugona tulo, kugona tulo, kugona tulo, kumva kuthedwa nzeru, kuchepa kwa mawonekedwe owoneka komanso kugwira ntchito kumawonetsanso matenda ashuga. Ngati mukukayikira shuga, wodwalayo ayenera kuyezetsa magazi a shuga. Zomwezo ndizikhalidwe zamtundu kuchokera pa 3,3 mpaka 5.5 mmol / L.

Mfundo za Chithandizo cha Pancreatic

Kudziwa njira zomwe zimayambitsa kapamba, komwe zimakhalapo komanso momwe zimapwetekera, mutha kudziwa za matendawa ndikuyambitsa chithandizo.

Ndi kutupa kwa kapamba ndi "matenda okoma" feedotherapy amatenga gawo lapadera. Ndikofunikanso kutsatira mankhwala osokoneza bongo, omwe sangathe m'malo mwake ndi maphikidwe ena azitsamba. Mankhwala osokoneza bongo amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chowonjezera.

Gome ili pansipa likuwonetsa mfundo zoyambirira za kapamba wa kapamba ndi matenda a shuga.

Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti kumwa mapiritsi popanda chilolezo cha dokotala ndizoletsedwa. Popeza mankhwala aliwonse amakhala ndi mawonekedwe ake, zimatha kuyambitsa zovuta mmagazi.

Moyo wokangalika ndi kudya zakudya zopatsa thanzi ziyenera kukhala njira yopewa matenda oyamba kwambiri a kapamba.

Kapangidwe ka chiwindi ndi kapamba zimafotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane mu kanema munkhaniyi.