Matenda a shuga ndi matendamomwe kapamba samalumikizana ndi ntchito yake. Chifukwa cha kuchepa kapena kusapezeka kwathunthu kwa insulin, metabolism imasokonezeka ndipo mtundu 1 wa shuga umayamba. Ngati kukhudzika kwa maselo amthupi kwa mahomoni awa kuchepa ndipo kupangika kwa insulini kuchepa kapena kuwonjezeka, mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda a shuga umayamba. Maselo a pancreatic beta amatulutsa insulin. Hormoni iyi ndiyo yomwe imapangitsa kuti glucose asungunuke komanso kubereka. Malo omwe ma cell a beta amapezeka amatchedwa "zisumbu za Langerhans." Zikondamoyo za munthu wathanzi labwino zimakhala ndi ma islets pafupifupi miliyoni imodzi, omwe amalemera magalamu 1-2 kwathunthu. Pamodzi ndi maselo amenewa ndi maselo a alpha. Iwo ali ndi udindo wopanga glucagon. Glucagon ndi mahomoni omwe amatsutsa insulin. Imaphwanya glycegen ku glucose.
Chimachitika ndi chiyani ndi matenda ashuga?
Hyperglycemia (glucose okwera) imayamba chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa kupanga kwa insulin. Nthawi zambiri, mwa munthu wamkulu, chizindikirochi chimakhala cha 3.3-5.5 mmol / L. Mu matenda a shuga, ziwerengerozi zimawonjezeka kwambiri ndipo zimatha kufika 15-20 mmol / L. Popanda insulini, maselo m'thupi lathu ali ndi njala. Glucose samadziwika ndi maselo ndipo amadziunjikira m'magazi. Mochulukitsa, shuga amayenda m'magazi, gawo lina limasungidwa m'chiwindi, ndipo gawo lina limatulutsidwa mkodzo. Chifukwa cha izi, kuchepa kwa mphamvu kumawonekera. Thupi likuyesera kuti litenge mphamvu kuchokera ku mafuta ake omwe, zinthu zapoizoni zimapangidwa (matupi a ketone), ma metabolic a metabolism amasokonezeka. Hyperglycemia imakhudza thupi lonse, ngati simungachiritse matendawa, ndiye kuti munthuyu apezeka kuti ali ndi vuto la hyperglycemic.
Gulu
Masiku ano, matenda ashuga amasiyanitsidwa:
- lembani 1 shuga yodalira matenda a shuga - ana ndi achinyamata amadwala pafupipafupi;
- lembani 2 yosadalira insulini - yomwe imapezeka mwa anthu achikulire onenepa kwambiri kapena omwe ali ndi vuto lotenga matenda ashuga;
- woyembekezera (mbiri yakale ya shuga);
- mitundu ina ya matenda ashuga (immuno-Mediated, mankhwala, okhala ndi zilema komanso endocrinopathies).
Matenda a shuga
Kwa zaka zambiri, kuchuluka kwa matenda ashuga kukuchulukirachulukira. Mu 2002, anthu opitilira 120 miliyoni adadwala matenda ashuga. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, zaka khumi ndi zisanu zilizonse kuchuluka kwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga kumawonjezera. Chifukwa chake, nthendayi imakhala vuto lachipatala komanso chikhalidwe cha anthu.
Kafukufuku wachitika zomwe zawonetsa kuti mtundu wa 2 matenda ashuga ndi wofala mu liwiro la a Mongoloid. Pa mpikisano wa Negroid, chiopsezo chokhala ndi matenda ashuga a shuga chikuwonjezeka.
Mu 2000, panali anthu 12% a matenda ashuga ku Hong Kong, 10% ku USA, ndi 4% ku Venezuela. Chile ndizomwe zimakhudzidwa pang'ono - 1.8% ya anthu onse.
Mutha kupeza zambiri mwatsatanetsatane pa matenda ashuga pano.
Ndi kuwongolera moyenera komanso kuchiza matendawa, anthu amakhala mwamtendere komanso amasangalala ndi moyo!
