Improse: katundu wakuthupi ndi kusiyana kwa shuga

Mphamvu za sucrose ziyenera kuganiziridwa pofotokoza za fizikisi ndi umagwirira. Katunduyu ndi disaccharide wamba, koposa zonse imapezeka mum nzimbe ndi beets.

Ikalowa m'matumbo, kapangidwe kake ka sucrose kamawonongeka ndikosavuta ma carbohydrate - fructose ndi glucose. Ndiye gwero lalikulu lamphamvu, popanda zomwe zimachitika kuti thupi lizigwira ntchito ndizosatheka.

Ndi katundu wanji yemwe ali ndi chinthu, komanso zomwe zimakhudza thupi, zimawululidwa pazinthu izi.

Kapangidwe ndi zinthu za thunthu

Sucrose (mayina ena - nzimbe kapena sucrose) ndi wochotsa m'gulu la oligosaccharides okhala ndi zotsalira za 2-10 monosaccharide. Muli zinthu ziwiri - glucose wa alpha ndi beta fructose. Makina ake amitundu ndi C₁₂N₂₂O₁₁.

Thupi lomwe limakhala loyera limayimiriridwa ndi makristalo owoneka bwino a monoclinic. Unyinji wosungunuka ukakhazikika, caramel imapangidwa, i.e. mawonekedwe amourphous wopanda mtundu. Shuga ya nzimbe imasungunuka kwambiri m'madzi (N₂O) ndi ethanol (C₂H₅OH), osungunuka pang'ono mu methanol (CH₃OH) ndipo pafupifupi wosalowa mu diethyl ether ((C₂H₅)₂O). Zinthu zimatha kusungunuka pa kutentha kwa 186 ℃.

Suprose sikuti ndi aldehyde, koma imawerengedwa kuti ndi yoyatsira yofunika kwambiri. Ngati mutenthetsa sucrose ndi yankho la ammonia Ag₂O, kapangidwe kagalasi lasiliva sikadzachitika. Wotentha ndi Cu (OH)₂ sichidzatsogolera pakupanga zamkuwa zamkuwa. Ngati yankho la sucrose yophika limodzi ndi hydrogen chloride (HCl) kapena sulfuric acid (H₂CHONCHO₄), kenako nkutenga ndi alkali ndi kutentha ndi Cu (OH)₂ndiye kuti mpweya wofiyira umapezeka kumapeto.

Mothandizidwa ndi madzi, shuga ndi fructose amapangidwa. Pakati pa ma iscrose isomers omwe ali ndi mtundu womwewo wamapangidwe, lactose ndi maltose ndizodzipatula.

Ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimapezeka?

Mwachilengedwe, disaccharide iyi ndiyofala. Suprose imapezeka mu zipatso, zipatso, ndi zipatso.

Mochulukitsa, amapezeka mumankhwala a nzimbe ndi shuga. Nzimbe ndizofala kumadera otentha ndi ku South America. Mapulogalamu ake ndi 18-21% shuga.

Tiyenera kudziwa kuti zimachokera ku nzimbe kuti 65% yazopanga shuga padziko lonse lapansi zimapezeka. Mayiko otsogola kupangira malonda ndi India, Brazil, China, Thailand, Mexico.

Beetroot ili ndi pafupifupi 20% sucrose ndipo ndi mbewu yazaka ziwiri zokha. Zomera mu Ufumu wa Russia zinayamba kukula, kuyambira m'zaka za zana la XIX. Pakadali pano, Russia ikumakula ma beets okwanira kudzidyetsa ndikutumiza shuga wa shuga kunja.

Munthu samazindikira kuti m'zakudya zake wamba amakhala padera. Imapezeka mu zakudya zotere:

• masiku;
• mikanda;
• prunes
• ma cookie gingerbread;
• marmalade;
• zoumba;
• irge;
• apulo marshmallow;
• medlar;
• njuchi uchi;
• mapulo madzi;
• nsapato zokoma;
• nkhuyu zouma;
• kuyamwa kwa birch;
• vwende;
• Persimmon;

Kuphatikiza apo, gawo lalikulu la sucrose limapezeka mu kaloti.

Kuthandiza kwa sucrose kwa anthu

Shuga ikangolowa m'magawo am'mimba, imagawika m'mafuta osavuta. Kenako zimatengedwa kudzera m'magazi kupita kuzinthu zonse zamthupi.

Chofunika kwambiri pakupasuka kwa sucrose ndi glucose, chifukwa ndiye gwero lalikulu la mphamvu yazinthu zonse zamoyo. Chifukwa cha izi, 80% ya mtengo wamagetsi imalipidwa.

Chifukwa chake, kufunikira kwa sucrose kwa thupi la munthu ndi motere:

1. Kuwonetsetsa kugwira ntchito kwathunthu kwa mphamvu.
2. Kupititsa patsogolo ntchito za ubongo.
3. Kubwezeretsa ntchito yoteteza ku chiwindi.
4. Kuthandizira ntchito ya minyewa ndi minyewa yolimba.

Kuperewera kwa Sucrose kumayambitsa kukwiya, mkhalidwe wopanda chidwi, kutopa, kusowa mphamvu komanso kukhumudwa. Zinthu zowonjezera zimayambitsa kuchuluka kwa mafuta (kunenepa kwambiri), matenda osokoneza bongo, kuwonongeka kwa minofu ya mano, matenda amkamwa, kukondoweza, kuyamwa, komanso kumakulitsa mwayi wa hyperglycemia komanso kukula kwa matenda a shuga.

Kumwa mowa mwauchidakwa kumawonjezeka ngati munthu amakhala akusunthasuntha, atagwiranso ntchito mwaluso, kapena woledzera.

Ubwino wa sucrose, fructose ndi glucose, uyenera kuganiziridwa mosiyana.

Fructose ndiye chinthu chomwe chimapezeka zipatso zambiri zatsopano. Imakhala ndi kadzutsa wokoma ndipo sikakhudza glycemia. Mndandanda wa glycemic ndi magawo 20 okha.

Fructose yowonjezera imayambitsa matenda a cirrhosis, kunenepa kwambiri, matenda amtima, gout, kunenepa kwambiri kwa chiwindi, komanso kukalamba msanga. Popita kafukufuku wa asayansi, zidatsimikizika kuti chinthuchi chimathamanga kwambiri kuposa glucose chimayambitsa zizindikiro za ukalamba.

Glucose ndiye mtundu wa michere yambiri padziko lapansi. Zimayambitsa kuchuluka kwa glycemia ndipo kumadzaza thupi ndi mphamvu.

Chifukwa chakuti glucose amapangidwa kuchokera kuzakudya zam'mimba, kudya mopitirira muyeso kwa zinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi zosavuta (ma mpunga ndi ufa wa premium) kumabweretsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.

Njira yotereyi imaphatikizanso kuchepa kwa chitetezo chathupi, kulephera kwa impso, kunenepa kwambiri, kuchuluka kwa nseru za lipid, kuchiritsa kwamabala pang'ono, kusweka kwamitsempha, stroko komanso mtima.

Phindu ndi zovulaza za zotsekemera zotengera

Anthu ena sangadye shuga wamba ena. Kufotokozera kofala kwa izi ndi matenda amtundu wa shuga.

Ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito zotsekemera zachilengedwe komanso zopangidwa. Kusiyana pakati pakupanga ndi zotsekemera zachilengedwe ndi zopatsa mphamvu zosiyanasiyana ndi zowononga thupi.

Zinthu zopanga (aspart ndi sucropase) zimakhala ndi zovuta zina: kapangidwe kake ka mankhwala kamayambitsa ma migraines ndikuwonjezera mwayi wokhala ndi zotupa zoyipa. Kuphatikiza kokhako kwa zotsekemera zotsekemera kumangokhala ndi zopatsa mphamvu zochepa.

Pakati pa zotsekemera zachilengedwe, sorbitol, xylitol ndi fructose ndizodziwika kwambiri. Amakhala ndi kalori yayitali, motero, chifukwa chomwa mowa kwambiri zimayambitsa kunenepa kwambiri.

Chothandiza kwambiri ndi stevia. Zothandiza zake zimaphatikizidwa ndi kuwonjezeka kwa chitetezo chamthupi, kuphatikiza kwamphamvu kwa magazi, kubwezeretsa khungu ndi kuthetsa kwa candidiasis.

Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala otsekemera kwambiri kungapangitse zotsatirazi zotsatirazi:

• nseru, kudzimbidwa, chifuwa, kugona pang'ono, kupsinjika, arrhythmia, chizungulire;
• thupi lawo siligwirizana, kuphatikizapo dermatitis (ntchito suklamat);
• chitukuko cha chosaopsa ndi neoplasms (kutenga saccharin);
• khansa ya chikhodzodzo (kumwa kwa xylitol ndi sorbitol);
• kuphwanya acid-base bwino (kugwiritsa ntchito fructose).

Chifukwa cha chiwopsezo chokhala ndi ma pathologies osiyanasiyana, zotsekemera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazochepa. Ngati sucrose sangathe kudya, pang'onopang'ono mutha kuwonjezera uchi ku zakudya - zotetezeka komanso zopatsa thanzi. Kugwiritsa ntchito uchi mopitirira muyeso sikubweretsa kudumphira mu glycemia ndikukulitsa chitetezo chokwanira. Komanso madzi a mapulo, omwe amangokhala ndi 5% sucrose, amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zotsekemera.

Zambiri pa sucrose zimaperekedwa mu kanema munkhaniyi.