Hyperglycemia (zimayambitsa, zizindikiro, ambulansi, zotulukapo)

Kuzungulira kwa shuga m'magazi ndiko chisonyezo cholondola kwambiri cha kuchuluka kwa kagayidwe kazachilengedwe mwa anthu. Shuga owonjezera, hyperglycemia, ndi vuto lomwe lingawononge moyo. Kukwera msanga kwa glucose kwakanthawi kochepa komwe kumapangitsa kuti munthu akhale ndi vuto la matenda ashuga, kukhala nthawi yayitali kuposa momwe zimakhalira nthawi zambiri ndizowopsa chifukwa cha ziwalo zingapo.

Nthawi zambiri, hyperglycemia imachitika chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa matenda osokoneza bongo chifukwa cha kusowa kwa chithandizo kapena kulephera kutsatira malingaliro a dokotala, koma amathanso kuyambitsidwa ndi zifukwa zina. Kukula kwa zizindikiro kumakhala kofanana ndi shuga wamagazi ndi kuwonongeka kwa ziwalo. Kuti mupeze thandizo pakapita nthawi, muyenera kuphunzira kuzindikira izi mosavuta.

Kodi hyperglycemia ndi chiyani?

Hyperglycemia si matenda, koma chizindikiro cha chipatala, chomwe ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi a m'magazi pamwamba pa mfundo zake. Omasuliridwa kuchokera ku Chigriki, mawuwa amatanthauza "magazi okoma kwambiri."

Mawonekedwe a shuga wabwinobwino adapezeka chifukwa cha kuyesa kwamagazi kwa gulu lalikulu la anthu athanzi: kwa akulu - kuyambira 4.1 mpaka 5.9 mmol / l, kwa okalamba - ndi 0,5 mmol / l more.

Matenda a shuga ndi kupsinjika kudzakhala chinthu chakale

• Matenda a shuga -95%
• Kuthetsa kwa mitsempha thrombosis - 70%
• Kuthetsa kwa kugunda kwamtima kwamphamvu -90%
• Kuthana ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi - 92%
• Kuwonjezeka kwa mphamvu masana, kukonza kugona usiku -97%

Kusanthula kumaperekedwa m'mawa, pamimba yopanda kanthu komanso musanamwe mankhwala - momwe mungaperekere magazi a shuga. Kuchuluka kwa shuga mutatha kudya kumakhalanso mtundu wamatenda ndipo amatchedwa postprandial hyperglycemia. Nthawi zambiri, pakatha mafuta ochulukitsa m'thupi, ayenera kumizidwa mkati mwa maola 2, pomwe kuchuluka kwa glucose kutsikira pansi 7.8 mmol / L.

Mitundu ya hyperglycemia malinga ndi kuopsa kwa matenda:

Kuwonongeka kwa chiwalo kumayambira pomwe shuga ali pamwamba pa 7 mmol / L. Ndi chiwonetsero chazaka 16, zodziwika bwino zowoneka bwino zimatha kuzindikirika. Ngati shuga aposa 33 mmol / L, wodwalayo amatha kugwa.

Zifukwa zazikulu

Glucose ndiye mafuta oyamba a thupi lathu. Kulowa kwake m'maselo ndi cleavage ndi gawo lofunikira la metabolism ya carbohydrate. Woyendetsa shuga wamkulu kuchokera m'magazi kupita ku minofu ndi insulin, mahomoni omwe amapanga kapamba. Thupi limapanganso mahomoni omwe amatsutsana ndi insulin. Ngati dongosolo la endocrine likugwira ntchito moyenera, pali mahomoni okwanira ndipo maselo amawazindikira bwino, shuga yamagazi imasungidwa mkati mwa malire oyenera, ndipo minofu imapeza chakudya chokwanira.

Nthawi zambiri, hyperglycemia ndi chifukwa cha matenda ashuga. Mtundu woyamba wa matendawa umadziwika ndi kusintha kwa matenda mu kapamba, maselo omwe amachititsa kuti insulini iwonongeke. Akakhala ochepera 20%, insulini imayamba kuchepa kwambiri ndipo hyperglycemia imakula msanga.

Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda a shuga umadziwika ndi kuchuluka kwa insulini, mwina kumayambiriro kwa matendawa. Hyperglycemia pamenepa imachitika chifukwa cha kukana insulini - kukayika kwa maselo kuzindikira insulin ndikulola shuga kudutsamo.

Kuphatikiza pa matenda ashuga, matenda ena a endocrine, mankhwala ena, matenda opweteka kwambiri m'thupi, zotupa, komanso kupsinjika kwambiri kungayambitse hyperglycemia.

Mndandanda wa matenda omwe hyperglycemia imatheka:

1. Type 1, Type 2 shuga ndi okhazikika pakati pawo a LADA shuga.
2. Thirotooticosis. Ndi iyo, pali kuchuluka kwamafuta a chithokomiro, okonda insulin.
3. Acromegaly. Ntchito ya insulin pankhaniyi imalephereka ndi kukula kwamphamvu kwa mahomoni.
4. Cushing's syndrome ndi kuphatikiza kwa cortisol.
5. Tumors yomwe imatha kupanga mahomoni - pheochromocyte, glucagonoma.
6. Pancreatic kutupa ndi khansa.
7. Kupsinjika ndi adrenaline kuthamanga. Nthawi zambiri, imayambitsa stroke kapena vuto la mtima. Kuvulala komanso kuchitapo kanthu pakuchita opaleshoni amathanso kuvutitsa nkhawa.
8. Zambiri matenda a impso kapena chiwindi.

Zizindikiro ndi hyperglycemia

Hypoglycemia ofooka alibe pafupifupi zisonyezo. Kutopa kosafunikira komanso kuchuluka kwa madzi kumawonedwa. Nthawi zambiri, kuwonetsa kwa shuga wambiri kumayamba kuwonekera pokhapokha poyambira matenda oopsa a hyperglycemia. Ndi matenda 2 a shuga ndi matenda ena osachiritsika, kukula kwa shuga m'magazi kumayamba pang'ono, kwa milungu ingapo.

Hyperglycemia yosalala imakhalapo, zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuzizindikira mwa zizindikiro.

Munthu amazolowera vuto lakelo ndipo samaziganiza kuti ndi zam'magazi, ndipo thupi limayesetsa kuzolowera kugwira ntchito movutikira - limachotsa glucose wambiri mumkodzo. Nthawi yonseyi, matenda osokoneza bongo a shuga samadziwika bwino ziwalo: ziwiya zazikulu zimatsekeka ndipo zazing'ono zimawonongeka, kuwonongeka kwa maso kumayipa ndipo minyewa imagwira ntchito.

Ngati mumvera thupi lanu mosamala, matendawo a shuga amatha kutsimikizika ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi:

1. Madzi akumwa amapitilira malita anayi patsiku, ali ndi hyperglycemia - mpaka 10.
2. Kukoka pafupipafupi, kufuna kukodza kangapo usiku.
3. Matenda osweka, owopsa, kugona, makamaka chakudya cham'mawa kwambiri.
4. Ntchito yolakwika yotseka khungu - pakhungu limatulutsa, mabala amatenga nthawi yayitali kuposa masiku.
5. Kuseweretsa bowa - thrush, candidiasis pamlomo patsekeke, dandruff.

Matendawa akamakula ndipo matenda a hyperglycemia akukula kwambiri, zizindikiro zotsatirazi zimawonjezeredwa pazizindikiro zam'mbuyomu:

• kugaya chakudya m'mimba - kutsekula m'mimba kapena kudzimbidwa, kupweteka pamimba;
• Zizindikiro za kuledzera - kufooka kwambiri, nseru, mutu;
• kununkhira kwa acetone kapena zipatso zowonongeka mu mpweya womwe watha chifukwa cha ketoacidosis;
• chophimba kapena malo osunthira patsogolo pa maso ndi kuwonongeka kwa ziwiya zamaso;
• matenda opatsirana omwe ali ndi zotupa zosachotsa bwino;
• kusokonezeka kwa mtima ndi mitsempha yamagazi - kumverera kukanikizika pachifuwa, khungu, kuchepa kwa nkhawa, kufinya khungu, milomo.

Choyamba thandizo

Wodwala akakhala ndi zizindikiro za hyperglycemia, ndipo pakukayikira kuti ali ndi matenda ashuga, amafunika kuyeza shuga m'magazi. Njira yosavuta yochitira izi ndikugwiritsa ntchito glucometer yonyamula. Aliyense wodwala matenda ashuga ali nawo mu labotale yamalonda iliyonse, komanso m'maofesi a akatswiri othandizira odwala matenda am'mimba.

Ngati mulingo wambiri wa glucose ndiwokwera pang'ono kuposa wabwinobwino, ndipo mutatha kudya maola opitilira 2, muyenera kupangana ndi adokotala. Ngati chizindikirocho chili pamwamba pa 13 mmol / l, itanani ambulansi. Vutoli litha kukhala mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga amene akupita patsogolo kwambiri ndipo mwina akuwopseza moyo.

Ngati matenda a shuga apezeka kale, shuga yayikulu ndi nthawi yolipira kwambiri chipukutamisozi chake, werengani mabukuwo pamatendawa, pitani ku dokotala ndikulembetseni pasukulu ya matenda ashuga pachipatalachi.

Thandizo loyamba la hyperglycemia yayikulu isanafike ambulansi:

1. Kuti mupeze wodwala malo abwino, chotsani kuwala kowala, tsegulani zenera kuti mupeze mpweya wabwino.
2. Imwani odwala ambiri kuti shuga atulutse mkodzo.
3. Osapatsa zakumwa zotsekemera, musadyetse.
4. Konzani zinthu zoti zitha kugonekedwa kuchipatala.
5. Pezani khadi yakuchipatala, mfundo, pasipoti, mayeso aposachedwa.

Popanda manambala olondola a glucose, musayese kupereka chithandizo chamankhwala, ngakhale ngati inunso muli ndi matenda ashuga. Osanensa insulini, musapereke mankhwala omwe amachepetsa shuga. Zizindikiro za hypo- ndi hyperglycemia mu magawo akulu ndi ofanana. Ngati asokonezeka, kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika mankhwala osokoneza bongo kumatha kubweretsa imfa.

Kodi mankhwala mankhwala

Acute hyperglycemia amachotsedwa ndi makonzedwe a insulin. Nthawi yomweyo amathandizanso mavuto omwe abwera chifukwa cha shuga wambiri - amabwezeretsa madzi omwe adasowa kaye ndi amadzimadzi, ndiye, atatha kumwa wodwalayo, amawonetsa ma electrolyte osowa ndi mavitamini. Malinga ndi magulu apadziko lonse lapansi, matendawa amapatsidwa nambala R73.9 - hyperglycemia yosadziwika. Pambuyo pakuwongolera kapangidwe ka magazi, kuyezetsa kwathunthu kumachitika kuti mupeze zomwe zikuwonjezera shuga.

Ngati kutsimikizika kuti glucose amadzuka chifukwa cha matenda ashuga, chithandizo chamankhwala nthawi yayitali ndi mankhwala. Munthu wodwala matenda ashuga amawonedwa ndi endocrinologist ndipo amayendera akatswiri ena miyezi isanu ndi umodzi iliyonse kuti apewe zovuta. Adzafunika kugula gluceter ndi kuyeza shuga tsiku lililonse, kudula chakudya chamafuta kwambiri, kutsata njira yoledzera ndikuwonetsetsa kuti amamwa mankhwala osasiyidwa, ngakhale amodzi.

Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga (code for ICD-10 E11), mankhwala omwe amachepetsa kukana kwa insulin kapena kuphatikiza insulin synthesis amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri kuchokera ku mankhwala. Zakudya zamafuta ochepa, kuchepa thupi, komanso moyo wokangalika zimafunikanso.

Kwa odwala matenda ashuga a mtundu 1 (code E10), jakisoni wa insulin amafunikira. Mlingo woyambirira amasankhidwa ndi dokotala, ndiye kuti amatha kusinthidwa malinga ndi zomwe zikuwonetsa shuga. Pofuna kupewa hyperglycemia, wodwalayo amayenera kuwerengera chakudya chisanadye kuchuluka kwa chakudya chomwe ali nacho patebulo ndi kulowa muyezo woyenera wa mankhwalawo.

Ngati chifukwa cha shuga wamphamvu sichinali matenda ashuga, koma nthenda ina, hyperglycemia imazimiririka payokha itatha. Mankhwala atha kutumizidwa kuti achepetse ntchito ya chithokomiro kapena kuletsa kaphatikizidwe ka kukula kwa mahomoni. Ndi kapamba, amayesera kutsitsa zikondwerero momwe angathere, kupereka mankhwala okhwima, ovuta kwambiri, kugwiritsa ntchito opaleshoni. Ma tumor amachotsedwa, ndiye kuti chemotherapy imayikidwa.

Zotsatira zake

Zotsatira za hyperglycemia ndi matenda amthupi lonse. Kuwonjezeka kwa shuga kumawopseza odwala matenda ashuga ndi chikomokere. Hyperglycemia imakhalanso yoopsa m'mitsempha yamagazi ndi mitsempha - imawonongeka, zimapangitsa kulephera kwa ziwalo, thrombosis, gangrene ya malekezero. Kutengera ndi kuthamanga kwa chitukuko, zovuta zimagawidwa kumayambiriro komanso kutali.

Momwe Mungapewere Hyperglycemia

Popewa hyperglycemia, odwala matenda ashuga ayenera kutsatira mosamalitsa malangizo akuchipatala - musaiwale kumwa mankhwala, kuwonjezera zowonjezera koma zolimbitsa thupi m'moyo wanu, kumanganso zakudya zanu kuti chakudya chamagulu azilowa mthupi mokwanira komanso pafupipafupi. Ngati izi zikuchitika kangapo motsatira mzerewu wa hyperglycemia, muyenera kupita kwa dokotala kuti musinthe mankhwalawo. Kufunsira kwa endocrinologist ndikofunikanso pakachitika njira yopangira opaleshoni, matenda oopsa, kutupa kwambiri, komanso pakati.

Kupewa kwamphamvu kwa hyperglycemia kwa anthu athanzi kumakhala ndi zochitika zolimbitsa thupi popanda kupanikizika kwambiri, kupewa kupsinjika, kukhalabe ndi thanzi labwino, kudya wathanzi. Sichikhala chopanda pake kupatula kukwera msanga kwamagazi m'magazi, chifukwa, maswiti amafunika kudya pang'ono masana, osati gawo limodzi lalitali.