Thupi limafunikira cholesterol kuti igwire bwino ntchito. Koma ndi zochulukirapo, zolakwika mu ntchito za machitidwe ofunikira, kuphatikiza mtima, zimachitika. Kuphwanya kotereku ndizowopsa makamaka mu matenda a shuga, chifukwa hyperglycemia imathandizira kuti pakhale cholesterol yoyipa pamakoma amitsempha ndipo imachepetsa njira yochotsera.
Izi zimabweretsa kuchepa kwa magazi pamafayidwala. Ndipo zikwangwani zagalimoto zamafuta m'zotengera pambuyo pake zimatha kuwononga miyendo.
Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuti anthu omwe ali ndi vuto logaya mafuta a metabolism adziwe: chifukwa chiyani cholesterol yamagazi imakwezedwa? Kodi izi zikutanthauza chiyani ndikuchiza matendawa?
Zomwe muyenera kudziwa za cholesterol
Cholesterol ndi phula laling'ono, mowa wosungunuka wamafuta omwe ali m'gulu lathu. Pafupifupi 80% ya zinthu zomwe thupi limadzipangira zokha, ndipo 20% yokha ya cholesterol imabwera ndi chakudya.
Pali mitundu iwiri ya mowa wamafuta - okwera komanso otsika kwambiri a lipoprotein. HDL imawonedwa ngati pothandiza. Amatumiza zinthu ku maselo, kutenga nawo mbali popanga mahomoni ogonana, kagayidwe ka mavitamini osungunuka a mafuta ndi ma calcephyrols. Komanso, lipoproteins yapamwamba kwambiri imateteza ma membala am'mimba, ulusi wamitsempha ndipo ndi gawo lina lazopangidwira za bile.
LDL imatsutsana ndi HDL, kuchuluka kwake m'thupi kumapangitsa kuti ma atherosclerosis awoneke. Ngati ma lipoprotein otsika kwambiri amakhala okhathamiritsa ndi ma cell oyambitsa chitetezo, chiopsezo chowonjezereka chimapangidwira thupi. Mwanjira iyi, ma antibodies amapangidwa mwachangu omwe amapatsira osati adani okha, komanso maselo athanzi.
Ngati simutsitsa cholesterol yoyipa, ndiye kuti zolembera zamtundu wa atherosselotic ziziikidwa pazombo nthawi yayitali. Izi zidzatsogolera kufupika kwa lumen ya mitsempha ndi mitsempha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magazi azisungika.
Mapuloteni ndi mapulateleti amasokoneza magazi. Zotsatira zake, ntchito ya ziwalo zamkati m'malo a blockage imasokonekera.
Nthawi zambiri, mawonekedwe a thrombosis mu ndulu, matumbo, impso ndi miyendo yam'munsi. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala malo omwe ma atherosselotic zolembera amalepheretsa michere ku ziwalo zazikuluzikulu - bongo ndi mtima. Umu ndi momwe zotsatirapo zoopsa za hypercholesterolemia zimakhalira - stroko ndi mtima, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimatha imfayo.
Mu chipatala, kuyezetsa magazi a biochemical kungathandize kudziwa kuchuluka kwa cholesterol. Chizindikiro chachikulu cha mowa wamafuta chimaphatikizapo zinthu zitatu - HDL, LDL ndi triglycerides (yophatikizidwa ndi cholesterol).
Kunyumba, odwala matenda ashuga nawonso amatha kuyeza cholesterol pogwiritsa ntchito mita ya shuga. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti zisonyezo zimasiyana, kutengera zaka, jenda komanso kupezeka kwa matenda ena. Kuchuluka kwa cholesterol m'magazi lolingana ndi chizolowezi:
- Amuna Zaka 20 - mpaka 5.99, zaka 50 - mpaka 7.15, zaka 70 - mpaka 7.10 mmol / l.
- Akazi. Zaka 20 - mpaka 5.59, zaka 50 - mpaka 6.8, zaka 70 - mpaka 7.85 mmol / l.
Etiology ndi matenda a hypercholesterolemia
Ambiri amakhulupirira kuti zomwe zimayambitsa cholesterol yowonjezereka m'magazi zimagona pakusokonekera kwa zakudya zamafuta komanso zopanda thanzi. Chikhulupiriro ndichowona, koma kuwonjezera pa izi, matenda angapo amathandizira kukulitsa kwa atherosulinosis. Awa ndi matenda ashuga, matenda oopsa, matenda a Werner, matenda a mtima, hypothyroidism, gout, analbuminemia, khansa ya Prostate, nyamakazi yamatumbo, matenda a ndulu.
Mafuta a cholesterol amatuluka m'matenda a kapamba, impso, mapapo, chiwindi ndi chithokomiro. Kudzikundikira kwazinthu zosungunuka zamafuta kumalimbikitsidwa ndi kusintha kokhudzana ndi zaka (ukalamba), cholowa chamtsogolo, moyo wotsika kwambiri komanso kunenepa kwambiri.
Zideru za atherosulinotic nthawi zambiri zimapangidwa mwa anthu omwe amamwa mowa kwambiri, kusuta fodya, komanso amayi apakati. Komanso kudzikundikira kwa LDL mthupi kumathandizira kuti pakhale mankhwala ena ake.
Kuzindikira kwa hypercholesterolemia kumapangidwa ndi adokotala potengera zotsatira za mayeso. Koma mutha kukayikira kukhalapo kwa matendawa nokha, ngati mumvera kwambiri zingapo:
- Chizungulire
- kupweteka pachifuwa komwe kumachitika ndi kuwonongeka kwa ziwiya zam'mimba;
- kufooka ndi kusasangalala m'miyendo;
- mutu
- kukanika kwa erectile mwa amuna;
- mawonekedwe amtondo wopepuka m'mphepete mwa cornea;
- mtsempha thrombosis;
- kugundika kwa magazi pansi pa khungu;
- kupuma movutikira
- nseru
Ndi atherosclerosis, wodwalayo amatha kudandaula kuti kulumpha mu kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi angina pectoris.
Njira zamankhwala ndi wowerengeka zochepetsera cholesterol
Ndi hypercholesterolemia, mankhwala ovomerezeka amagwiritsa ntchito magulu awiri otsogolera. Awa ndi ma statin ndi fenofibrate. Zomwe zimaletsa kaphatikizidwe wa cholesterol m'chiwindi, chifukwa chomwe LDL imachepetsedwa ndi 50%. Komanso, mankhwala ochepetsa lipid amachepetsa chiopsezo chokhala ndi myocardial infarction ndi mtima ischemia ndi 20%, angina pectoris ndi 30%.
Madera amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha kuchuluka kwa cholesterol ndikutalika kwambiri komanso muyezo waukulu. Ndalama zotchuka kwambiri kuchokera pagululi ndi Akorta, Krestor, Tevastor, Rosucard.
Fenofibrate amatha kuchepetsa cholesterol yayikulu. Izi ndi zotengera za fibroic acid, zomwe zimayimitsanso kubisala kwa zinthu zachilengedwe mwakuyanjana ndi bile acid.
Mankhwala amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa triglycerides ndi LDL m'magazi ndi 40%. Nthawi yomweyo, zomwe zimakhala mu cholesterol zopindulitsa zimawonjezeka ndi 30%. Mapiritsi odziwika otengera molar acid -Gemfibrozil, Lipanor. Madokotala amalimbikitsa kuchitira hypercholesterolemia odwala matenda ashuga pogwiritsa ntchito fenofibrate monga Lipantil 200M, Tricor.
Mitundu yotsatirayi ya mankhwalawa ithandizanso kuchepetsa cholesterol yoyipa m'magazi:
- mavitamini PP, VZ;
- otsatizana a ma asidi a bile (Cholestan, Questran);
- nicotinic acid;
- alpha lipoic acid;
- Omega 3.
Njira yakugwiritsira ntchito ndi mulingo wa mankhwalawa onse omwe ali pamwambapa amasankhidwa ndi adokotala.
Kuphatikiza pa mankhwala, wowerengeka azitsamba azithandizira ziwiya zoyera. Chifukwa chake, ndizotheka kuchotsa cholesterol yoyipa m'thupi pogwiritsa ntchito madzi a juwisi. Chofunika cha mankhwalawa ndikuti kwa masiku asanu muyenera kumwa zipatso zatsopano ndi masamba.
Patsiku loyamba amamwa chakumwa cha kaloti (130 ml) ndi udzu winawake (70 ml). Pa tsiku lachiwiri, gwiritsani ntchito nkhaka zatsopano, beetroot (70 ml iliyonse) ndi karoti (100 ml).
Pa tsiku lachitatu, apulo (70 ml) amawonjezeredwa kwa msuzi wa karoti, ndipo tsiku lachinayi, watsopano kuchokera kabichi (50 ml). Patsiku lomaliza, imwani chakumwa chatsopano cholimbidwa cha lalanje (130 ml).
Komanso zitsamba zosiyanasiyana zimathandizira kusintha mtundu wa LDL ndi HDL, pomwe ma decoctions ndi ma tinctures amakonzedwa:
| Zomera zamankhwala | Kuphika | Kugwiritsa |
| Mabulosi akutchire | Masamba (10 g) kutsanulira 0,5 l madzi otentha, kunena mu chitseko chotsekedwa kwa 1 ora | 1/3 chikho katatu patsiku |
| Valerian, katsabola | Mbewu (theka lagalasi) ndi muzu (10 g) zimasakanizidwa ndi uchi wa 150 g, kuthira madzi otentha (1 l). Kuumirira maola 24 | Katatu patsiku, supuni yayikulu musanadye |
| Alfalfa | Finyani madzi ku udzu watsopano | 20 ml katatu patsiku kwa mwezi umodzi |
| Calendula | Maluwa (20 g) amathiridwa ndi madzi otentha, osenda mumadzi osamba kwa mphindi 20 | 30 akutsikira musanadye |
| Linden | Maluwa owuma akupera mu chopukutira khofi | Supuni 1 musanadye katatu tsiku lililonse |
| Mistletoe, Sophora | 100 g zipatso ndi maluwa kutsanulira 1 lita imodzi ya mowa, kunena masiku 21 m'malo amdima | 5 ml mphindi 30 musanadye |
| Ndimu, adyo | Zosakaniza zimaphatikizidwa muyezo wa 5: 1 ndikuumirira masiku atatu | Supuni 1 tsiku lililonse musanadye |
Chithandizo cha zakudya
Ndi kuchuluka kwamafuta achilengedwe m'magazi, malamulo a zakudya amapezeka m'njira zambiri zofanana ndi zakudya zomwe zimayikidwa shuga. Amaletsedwanso kumwa zakumwa za shuga ndi kaboni.
Koma cholinga chachikulu cha mankhwala ochizira Hypercholesterolemia ndikuchotsa zakudya zamafuta omwe amapezeka pachakudya. Chifukwa chake, kuchokera pazakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku muyenera kupatula zakudya zosavuta, chakudya chothamanga, mafuta oyengedwa, mafuta anyama ndi margarine.
Zakudya zamafuta ndi nsomba zam'nyanja, kuphatikiza mafuta a nsomba, ndizoletsedwa. Izi siziwazinga kapena kuphika pamaziko awo msuzi wolemera.
Sitikulimbikitsidwa kudya zokhwasula-khwasula (zotsekemera, tchipisi), masoseji, soseji, ketchups, nyama zosuta komanso ma pickles. Simungamwe mkaka wonse ndikudya mafuta omwe amapangidwa kuchokera pamenepo (batala, tchizi cholimba).
Koma zambiri mwa cholesterol imapezeka mu offal. Chifukwa chake, madokotala amalimbikitsa kuchotsa ubongo, chiwindi ndi impso pachakudya.
Ndi LDL yowonjezera m'magazi pazakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku muyenera kuphatikiza:
- Mafuta opangira masamba - maolivi, sesame, dzungu, zopendekera.
- Zipatso ndi zipatso - mapeyala, zipatso za mphesa, mabuliberiya, nthochi, makangaza, raspiberi, phulusa lamapiri, cranberries, maapulo.
- Mbale - mpunga wamafuta, tirigu, tirigu, tirigu.
- Mtedza ndi mbewu - walnuts, Brazil, mkungudza, nthomba za nthomba, dzungu, sesame, mpendadzuwa, maamondi, ma cashews, ma pecani, ma hazelnuts.
- Masamba - broccoli, biringanya, kaloti, phwetekere, masamba mizu, beets, kabichi yoyera, adyo.
- Zinthu zamafuta ochepa mkaka wowawasa - yogati, kefir, tchizi chanyumba;
- Kapolo ndi nyama - nkhuku, filletu ya turkey, nsomba, nyama yamwana wamtundu, kalulu, nsomba.
- Leamu - soya, anapiye, nyemba.
Mwa zakumwa, muyenera kusankha misuzi yazachilengedwe ndi ma compotes. Ndikwabwino kukana khofi ndikusankha tiyi wobiriwira komanso mankhwala azitsamba.
Malangizo enanso ofunikira ndikuchepetsa mchere wambiri mpaka magalamu asanu patsiku. Chakudya chimayenera kuikidwa m'magawo ochepa (osapitirira 200 g pa nthawi) 6 pa tsiku.
Njira zovomerezeka zophikira - chithandizo cha nthunzi, kuphika, kupatsa mphamvu. Pogwiritsa ntchito malingaliro omwe ali pamwambawa, mutha kupanga menyu yothandiza yomwe ingawonekere motere:
| Nthawi yakudya | Zakudya |
| Chakudya cham'mawa | Buckwheat, phala la mpunga, mtedza, dzira loyera dzira, mkate wa chinangwa, kanyumba tchizi kapena keke ya oatmeal |
| Chakudya chamadzulo | Zipatso, zipatso, zipatso zonse kapena mbewu zamasamba |
| Chakudya chamadzulo | Nkhuku yothira, makeke a nsomba, msuzi wamasamba, nsomba yophika kapena yophika, mkate wa chinangwa |
| Tiyi yapamwamba | Mkaka wophika wopanda pake, msuzi wa duwa lakuthengo, saladi wa zipatso kapena watsopano |
| Chakudya chamadzulo | Nsomba zophika, masamba ophika, masikono, nyama yophika kapena tchizi |
| Asanagone | Kapu imodzi ya kefir peresenti, tiyi wobiriwira kapena zitsamba, yogurt yamafuta ochepa |
Njira zopewera
Popewa kukula kwa hypercholesterolemia, ndikofunikira kuti mukhale ndi moyo wathanzi. Kuphatikiza pa kutsatira zakudya zomwe zimaphatikizapo kudya zakudya zabwino, zamafuta ochepa, muyenera kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi.
Izi zikuthandizira kuchepetsa kulemera kwa thupi, chifukwa kunenepa kumathandizanso kuti maonekedwe a atherosulinosis. Asayansi aku Netherlands adatsimikizira kuti theka lililonse la kilogalamu limawonjezera kuchuluka kwa cholesterol m'magazi ndi 2%. Zimatsimikiziridwa kuti mwa anthu azaka zopitilira 50, kuphunzitsidwa pafupipafupi kumachepetsa mwayi wamatenda amtima ndi katatu.
Zochita zolimbitsa thupi zolimbikitsidwa ndi matenda ashuga ndi hypercholesterolemia ndikuyenda, masewera (basketball, tennis), kusambira, kuthamanga ndi kupalasa njinga. Muyenera kuyamba kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi ndi mapapu, tsiku ndi tsiku kukulitsa kukula ndi kutalika kwamakalasi.
Madokotala amalangizanso kusiya zizolowezi zoipa. Kusuta kumaphwanya malire a HDL ndi LDL. Kuphatikizanso apo, ndudu zambiri patsiku zikasuta, mokulira wa cholesterol woyipa m'magazi udzakulirakulira.
Mowa nawonso ulibe phindu m'mitsempha yamagazi. Ngakhale mu nthawi yoyamba kumwa iwo lumen amakula. Koma patapita maola ochepa, imayambanso.
Kukhazikika kwa mowa kumapangitsa kuti ziwiya zisamachepe, kusweka komanso kuvulala mosavuta pakapita nthawi. Ethanol ndiowopsa kwambiri kwa mitsempha yayikulu yomwe imapereka ubongo ndi mtima.
Kupewa kwa hypercholesterolemia kumaphatikizapo kukhala okhazikika mtima. Kupsinjika kwatsimikiziridwa kuti kuonjezera cholesterol yamagazi. Komanso, mulingo wake sutsika mpaka munthu atakhazikika pansi.
Popewa kuwoneka kapena kupitirira kwa hypercholesterolemia, odwala matenda ashuga ayenera kupita kwa dokotala pafupipafupi ndi kukayezetsa magazi ake. Makamaka, malingaliro awa ndi othandizira amuna azaka zopitilira 35, ndipo azimayi omwe ali ndi kusintha kwa kubereka, omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha mapangidwe a cholesterol plaque.
Zomwe mungachite ndi cholesterol yayikulu idzauza akatswiri mu kanema munkhaniyi.
