Kodi ndichifukwa chiyani cholesterol imafunika m'thupi la munthu?

Munthu wodziwa zaumoyo ayenera kudziwa chifukwa chake cholesterol imafunikira. Ngakhale kuti atherosulinosis imagwirizanitsidwa ndi mawuwa, omwe amadziwika ndi njira yochepetsera mipata ya mtima wamakhoma ndikupanga cholesterol plaques, cholesterol imakhalabe chinthu chofunikira kwambiri m'thupi.

Pulogalamuyi imathandizira kukhazikika kwa nembanemba ya cell, imayambitsa kupanga mavitamini ndi mahomoni, imayendetsa bwino ntchito yamanjenje, imachotsa poizoni, imalepheretsa kukula kwa zotupa zamagetsi zotsika. Mutha kudziwa mwatsatanetsatane ngati thupi liyenera cholesterol pazinthu izi.

Kodi cholesterol ndi chiyani?

Cholesterol (kuchokera ku Greek "cholera" - bile, "stereos" - solid) ndi gulu la zinthu zachilengedwe zomwe zimapezeka mu membrane wa cell pafupifupi zonse zamoyo padziko lathuli, kuphatikiza bowa, zopanda nyukiliya ndi mbewu.

Uwu ndi mowa wa polycyclic lipophilic (wamafuta) womwe sungasungunuke m'madzi. Ikhoza kuthyoledwa m'mafuta kapena mwa organic solvent. Mitundu yazomwe zimapangidwira motere: C27H46O. Kusungunuka kwa cholesterol kumachokera ku 148 mpaka 150 digiri Celsius, ndikuwotcha - 360 madigiri.

Pafupifupi 20% ya cholesterol imalowa m'thupi la munthu limodzi ndi chakudya, ndipo 80% yotsalayo imapangidwa ndi thupi, monga impso, chiwindi, matumbo, grenads ndi gonads.

Magwero a cholesterol okwanira ndi zakudya zotsatirazi:

• ubongo - pafupifupi 1,500 mg ya chinthu chilichonse pa 100 g;
• impso - 600 mg / 100 g;
• mazira a mazira - 450 mg / 100 g;
• nsomba nsomba - 300 mg / 100 g;
• batala - 2015 mg / 100 g;
• nsomba zazinkhanira - 200 mg / 100 g;
• shrimp ndi nkhanu - 150 mg / 100g;
• carp - 185 mg / 100g;
• mafuta (ng'ombe ndi nkhumba) - 110 mg / 100 g;
• nkhumba - 100 mg / 100g.

Mbiri yopeza zinthuzi ibwerera zaka za XVIII zakale, pomwe P. de la Salle mu 1769 adatulutsa phula kuchokera kumiyala, yomwe ili ndi katundu wamafuta. Nthawi imeneyo, wasayansiyo samatha kudziwa mtundu wa chinthu.

Patatha zaka 20, wasayansi wina wa ku France A. Fourcroix adatulutsa cholesterol yeniyeni. Dzina lamakono lazinthuzi lidaperekedwa ndi wasayansi M. Chevreul mu 1815.

Pambuyo pake mu 1859, M. Berthelot adazindikira gulu la ma alcohols, ndichifukwa chake limadziwikanso kuti cholesterol.

Chifukwa chiyani thupi likufunika cholesterol?

Cholesterol ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakugwira ntchito pafupifupi kwa chamoyo chilichonse.

Ntchito yake yayikulu ndikukhazikitsa membrane wa plasma. Pulogalamuyi ndi gawo la membrane wa khungu ndipo imapangitsa kuti izikhala yovuta.

Izi zikuchitika chifukwa cha kuchulukana kwa kuchuluka kwa ma phospholipid mamolekyulu.

Izi ndi mfundo zosangalatsa zomwe zimawulula chowonadi, bwanji tikufunikira cholesterol m'thupi la munthu:

1. Imawongolera magwiridwe antchito amanjenje. Cholesterol ndi gawo limodzi la mitsempha ya msempha, yomwe imapangidwa kuti iteteze motsutsana ndi chidwi chakunja. Mulingo wabwinobwino wazinthu zimasinthasintha kuwonekera kwa kukhudzidwa kwa mitsempha. Ngati pazifukwa zina thupi limakhala loperewera mu cholesterol, zolakwika mu chapakati mantha amawonedwa.
2. Amapanga antioxidant momwe ndipo amachotsa zinthu zapoizoni m'thupi. Cholesterol imateteza maselo ofiira am'magazi, maselo ofiira amwazi, kuchokera pakukhudzana ndi poizoni osiyanasiyana. Imathanso kutchedwa antioxidant, chifukwa Zimawonjezera kukana kwa thupi ku ma virus ndi matenda.
3. Amatenga nawo mbali popanga mavitamini osungunuka a mafuta ndi mahomoni. Udindo wapadera umaperekedwa pakupanga vitamini D, komanso mahomoni ogonana ndi a steroid - cortisol, testosterone, estrogen ndi aldosterone. Cholesterol imagwira nawo ntchito yopanga vitamini K, yomwe imayambitsa magazi.
4. Amapereka mayendedwe azinthu zogwira ntchito. Ntchitoyi ndikusamutsa zinthu kudzera mumimba.

Kuphatikiza apo, kutenga nawo gawo kwa cholesterol popewa mapangidwe a zotupa za khansa akhazikitsidwa.

Mulingo wabwinoko wa lipoprotein, kusintha kwa mawonekedwe a benign neoplasms kukhala woipa kuyimitsidwa.

Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa HDL ndi LDL?

Cholesterol siyisungunuka m'magazi; imayendayenda kudzera m'magazi ndi zinthu zapadera - lipoproteins. Ma lipoproteins apamwamba kwambiri (HDL), omwe amadziwikanso kuti cholesterol "abwino", komanso otsika osalimba lipoproteins (LDL), kapena cholesterol "choyipa", ayenera kusiyanitsidwa.

HDL ili ndi udindo wonyamula lipids ku ziwiya, kapangidwe ka khungu ndi minofu ya mtima, momwe kaphatikizidwe ka bile kamayang'aniridwa. Kamodzi "kopita", cholesterol imasweka ndikuchotsedwa m'thupi. Ma lipoprotein olemera kwambiri amadziwika kuti ndi "abwino" chifukwa si atherogenic (samatsogolera pakupangidwe kwa malo a atherosulinotic).

Ntchito yayikulu ya LDL ndikusintha lipids kuchokera ku chiwindi kupita ku ziwalo zonse zamkati mwathupi. Kuphatikiza apo, pali mgwirizano wolunjika pakati pa kuchuluka kwa LDL ndi matenda a atherosulinotic. Popeza ma lipoprotein otsika kwambiri samasungunuka m'magazi, kuchepa kwawo kumabweretsa mapangidwe a cholesterol kukula ndi zolembera pazitseko zamkati mwa mitsempha.

Ndikofunikanso kukumbukira kukhalapo kwa triglycerides, kapena lipids osalowerera. Amachokera ku mafuta acids ndi glycerin. Pamene triglycerides ikaphatikizidwa ndi cholesterol, mafuta am'magazi amapangidwa - magwero amphamvu kwa thupi la munthu.

Mafuta a cholesterol m'mwazi

Kutanthauzira kwa zotsatira zoyesa nthawi zambiri kumakhala ndi chizindikiro monga mmol / L. Chiyeso chodziwika bwino cha cholesterol ndi mbiri ya lipid. Katswiriyu amalemba kafukufukuyu chifukwa cha anthu omwe akuwaganizira kuti ali ndi matenda ashuga, matenda a mtima, aimpso komanso / kapena vuto la chiwindi, pamaso pa kuthamanga kwa magazi.

Mulingo woyenera kwambiri wa cholesterol m'mwazi sioposa 5.2 mmol / L. Kuphatikiza apo, mulingo wovomerezeka wochokera pa 5.2 mpaka 6.2 mmol / L. Ngati zotsatira za kusanthula ndizoposa 6.2 mmol / l, izi zitha kuwonetsa matenda oopsa.

Pofuna kusokoneza zotsatira za phunziroli, ndikofunikira kutsatira malamulo okonzekera kuwunikirako. Sizoletsedwa kudya chakudya 9-12 maola pamaso pa sampuli ya magazi, chifukwa chake imachitika m'mawa. Tiyi ndi khofi nazonso ziyenera kusiyidwa kwakanthawi, madzi okha ndi omwe amaloledwa kumwa. Wodwala yemwe amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ayenera kudziwitsa dokotala za izi mosalephera.

Mlingo wa cholesterol amawerengedwa pamaziko a zizindikiro zingapo - LDL, HDL ndi triglycerides. Zizindikiro zabwinobwino kutengera jenda ndi zaka zimafotokozedwera patebulo pansipa.

Zinthu zomwe zimachulukitsa cholesterol

Kuchuluka kwa cholesterol "yoyipa" ndi chifukwa cha moyo wosayenera kapena matenda ena.

Zotsatira zoyipa kwambiri za kuperewera kwa lipid metabolism ndikutulutsa kwa atherosulinosis. Pathology imadziwika ndi kuchepa kwa lumen ya mitsempha chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa cholesterol plaques.

Zizindikiro zoyambirira za matendawa zimawonekera pokhapokha ngati mitsempha ya m'mimba ikupitirira 50%. Kusagwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa kapena osagwira ntchito kumayambitsa matenda a mtima, stroko, mtima komanso thrombosis.

Aliyense ayenera kudziwa kuti zinthu zotsatirazi zimawonjezera kuchuluka kwa LDL m'magazi, kapena cholesterol "choyipa". Izi zikuphatikiza:

• zolimbitsa thupi, i.e. kusowa zolimbitsa thupi;
• zizolowezi zoyipa - kusuta ndi / kapena kumwa mowa;
• kunenepa kwambiri, kudya kwambiri komanso kunenepa kwambiri;
• kudya kwamafuta ambiri amtundu wa trans, mafuta ammimbamo osavuta kugaya;
• kusowa kwa mavitamini, pectins, fiber, kufufuza zinthu, mafuta ochulukirapo a polyunsaturated acid ndi lipotropic zinthu mthupi;
• zovuta zingapo za endocrine - kupanga kwambiri insulini kapena, m'malo mwake, shuga mellitus (wodalira insulini komanso osadalira insulin), kusowa kwa mahomoni a chithokomiro, mahomoni ogonana, kutulutsa kwambiri mahomoni a adrenal;
• kusayenda kwa bile mu chiwindi chifukwa cha mankhwala, mankhwala osokoneza bongo, ndi ma virus ena;
• cholowa, chomwe chimadziwonetsa mu "dyslipoproteinemia";
• zina za impso ndi chiwindi, momwe mumakhala kuphwanya kwa biosynthesis ya HDL.

Funso limakhalabe chifukwa chake microflora yamatumbo imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakukhazikitsa cholesterol. Chowonadi ndi chakuti matumbo microflora amatenga gawo pa cholesterol metabolism, kusintha kapena kugawa zitsulo za amkati ndi kutuluka kwina.

Chifukwa chake, imatha kuganiziridwa kuti ndi imodzi mwazofunikira kwambiri zomwe zimathandizira cholesterol homeostasis.

Kupewa matenda a mtima

Kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi kumakhalabe komwe kukuthandizira kuchiza ndi kupewa matenda osiyanasiyana. Kuti mukhale ndi cholesterol yokhazikika, muyenera kutsatira kadyedwe, kulimbana ndi kusachita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kusintha thupi lanu ngati pakufunika kutero, ndi kusiya zizolowezi zoipa.

Chakudya chopatsa thanzi chizikhala ndi masamba, zitsamba ndi zipatso zambiri. Chofunika kwambiri chimaperekedwa ku nyemba, chifukwa zimakhala ndi pectin pafupifupi 20% yomwe imachepetsa cholesterol yamagazi. Komanso, lipid metabolism imasinthidwa ndi nyama ndi nsomba, zopangidwa kuchokera ku ufa wa wholemeal, mafuta a masamba, nsomba zam'madzi ndi tiyi wobiriwira. Kulandila mazira a nkhuku kuyenera kuchepetsedwa kukhala zidutswa 3-4 pa sabata. Kuledzera kwa zakudya zomwe zili pamwambapa zomwe zili ndi cholesterol yayikulu, muyenera kuchepetsa.

Kuti musunge tonus, muyenera kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi m'mawa kapena mupange lamulo kuti muyende mu mpweya wabwino. Hypodynamia ndi amodzi mwa mavuto aumunthu m'zaka za XXI, omwe ayenera kumenyedwa. Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kumalimbitsa minofu, kusintha chitetezo chokwanira, kumalepheretsa matenda ambiri komanso kukalamba msanga. Kuti muchite izi, mutha kusewera mpira, volleyball, kuthamanga, yoga, etc.

Kusuta fodya ndi chinthu choyenera kutayidwa choyamba kuti tipewe kuchitika kwa atherosulinosis ndi zina za mtima.

Nkhani yovuta ndi kumwa zakumwa zoledzeretsa zina. Zachidziwikire, mndandandawu mulibe mowa kapena vodika. Komabe, akatswiri ambiri amavomereza kuti kapu ya vinyo wouma wofiira nthawi yamadzulo imakhudza thupi la munthu. Kudya mowa pang'ono kumachepetsa mwayi wokhala ndi matenda amtima.

Kudziwa tsopano chifukwa chomwe cholesterol imafunikira m'thupi la munthu, ndikofunikira kuti ikhalebe yolimbitsa thupi. Malamulo omwe ali pamwambapa kupewa atithandiza kupewa kulephera kwa lipid metabolism ndi zovuta zotsatirazi.

Pazokhudza ntchito za cholesterol zomwe zafotokozedwa muvidiyoyi.