Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunikira pakugwira bwino ntchito kwa thupi ndi cholesterol. Amatenga gawo la lipid metabolism, yomwe ndi njira yovuta kwambiri yolumikizira thupi ndi michere yomwe imapezeka m'maselo a chamoyo chilichonse.
Cholesterol ndi mafuta, ambiri omwe amapangidwa m'thupi la munthu (chiwindi, glands), adrenal cortex, ndipo gawo lina limalowetsedwa ndi chakudya. Lipid ndiye gawo lalikulu kwambiri lamankhwala am' cell, limathandizira pakusungidwa kwazomwe zimasankha, zomwe zimafunikira popanga mankhwala mkati ndi kunja. Cholesterol ili pakati pamagulu a polar a phospholipids, kuchepetsa kutsika kwa maselo a cell.
Cholesterol imachita ntchito zambiri, mwachitsanzo, zimatenga nawo mbali popanga maselo; kusungidwa mu subcutaneous mafuta; ndiye maziko a mapangidwe a bile; amatenga nawo kaphatikizidwe ka mahomoni a steroid (aldosterone, estradiol, cortisol), ofunikira kuti apangidwe ndi vitamini D.
Cholesterol yopangidwa m'chiwindi imatha kuperekedwa m'njira zingapo:
- Mwaulere mawonekedwe;
- Mu mawonekedwe a ethers;
- Ma acid akhungu.
Kuphatikizika kwa cholesterol m'thupi la munthu ndimachitidwe ovuta, okhala ndi nkhope zingapo. Mwa chilichonse cha iwo mumakhala kusintha kwazinthu zina kukhala zina. Kusintha konse kumayendetsedwa chifukwa cha zochita za ma enzymes, omwe amaphatikiza phosphatase, reductase ndi ena. Zochita za ma enzymes zimayendetsedwa ndi mahomoni monga insulin ndi glucagon.
Mitundu ina ya cholesterol m'thupi imathandizira kukulitsa matenda osiyanasiyana. Zowopsa komanso zofala kwambiri ndi atherosulinosis, momwe mumakhala kusokonezeka kwa mtima wam'magazi chifukwa chakuwonekera kwa mapangidwe a atherosmithotic m'matumbo.
Ichi ndichifukwa chake kuphwanya kagayidwe ka cholesterol kumapangitsa kuchepa kwa thanzi la munthu.
Mapangidwe a lipoproteins amaphatikizapo mapuloteni mkati mwake omwe ndi lipids (cholesterol, triglycerides). Amawonetsetsa kuti ma lipids omwe alibe madzi amalowa m'magazi.
Lipoproteins amagwira ntchito yonyamula mafuta, omwe amawatenga pamalo oyenera ndikuwanyamula kupita nawo kumene kukufunika.
Ya lipids yayikulu kwambiri yomwe imanyamula ma triglycerides ndi ma chylomicrons
Pakuchepa kwambiri kwa lipoproteins (VLDL) kofunikira kwambiri kuti musunthe triglycerides yomwe yangopangidwa kumene kuchokera ku chiwindi kupita ku minofu ya adipose.
Intermediate Density Lipoproteins (LPPP) ndi ulalo wapakati pakati pa VLDL ndi LDL
Ma density lipoproteins (LDL) ndi omwe amayendetsa kayendedwe ka cholesterol kuchokera ku chiwindi kupita kuma cell a thupi ndipo amatchedwa cholesterol yoyipa.
Ma high density lipoproteins (HDL), kapena cholesterol yabwino, amatenga nawo mbali potolera cholesterol kuchokera kumankhwala amthupi ndikuyibwezeretsa ku chiwindi.
Pakadali pano, asayansi atsimikizira kuti zotsalira za ma chylomicrons, pamodzi ndi VLDL ndi LDL, zimayambitsa kupanga ngati matenda a atherosclerosis.
Lipid metabolism imatha kuchitika m'njira ziwiri zazikulu - zamkati komanso zakunja. Chipangizochi chimakhazikika pa chiyambi cha ma lipids omwe amafunsidwa.
Kusintha kwa kagayidwe kotereku ndi chikhalidwe cha cholesterol chomwe chalowa m'thupi kuchokera kunja (ndikugwiritsa ntchito mkaka, nyama ndi zakudya zina). Kusinthaku kumachitika m'magawo.
Gawo loyamba ndi kulowetsedwa kwa cholesterol ndi mafuta m'mimba, komwe amasinthidwa kukhala ma chylomicrons,
Kenako ma chylomicrons amasamutsidwa m'magazi kudzera mu thoracic lymphatic flow (lymphatic collector yomwe imasonkhanitsa michere yathupi lonse).
Kenako, polumikizana ndi zotumphukira, ma chylomicrons amapatsa mafuta awo. Pamaso pawo pali lipoprotein lipases, yomwe imalola kuti mafuta azilowetsedwa mu mawonekedwe a mafuta acids ndi glycerol, omwe amathandizira pakuwonongeka kwa triglycerides.
Ma chylomicron ena amachepetsedwa kukula. Kupanga kwa lipoprotein yopanda kanthu koopsa, kumachitika, komwe kumapititsidwa ku chiwindi
Kutulutsa kwawo kumachitika ndi kumumanga kwa apolipoprotein E ndi zolandilira zawo zotsalira.
Ngati cholesterol yapangika mu thupi la munthu ndi chiwindi, kagayidwe kake kamachitika molingana ndi mfundo iyi:
- mafuta ndi cholesterol yomwe yangopangidwa kumene m'thupi yolumikizidwa ndi VLDL.
- VLDL imalowa m'magazi, omwe amapezeka pakati pa chakudya, pomwe amafalikira mpaka zotumphukira.
- Pofika minofu ndi adipose minofu, iwo amachepetsa glycerol ndi mafuta acids.
- Pambuyo pochulukitsa kwambiri ma lipoproteins ataya mafuta ambiri, amayamba kuchepa ndipo amatchedwa lipproteins yapakati.
- Mapangidwe a lipoprotein yopanda kanthu, omwe amakhala ndi lipoprotein otsika kwambiri.
- Ma lipoproteins apakati amalowa m'chiwindi, akumatenga magazi.
- Pamenepo amawola mothandizidwa ndi ma enzyme mu LDL,
- LDL cholesterol imazungulira ndipo imatengedwa ndi minofu ingapo pomanga ma cell receptors awo ku LDL receptors.
Pali mawonetseredwe akunja ndi amkati a cholesterol apamwamba m'magazi. Tiyeni tiwalingalire mwatsatanetsatane.
Kunja Izi zimaphatikizapo kunenepa kwambiri, kukulira chiwindi ndi ndulu, endocrine ndi matenda aimpso, xanthomas pakhungu;
Zamkati Kutengera ngati pali zochulukirapo kapena kusowa kwa zinthu. Matenda a shuga, matenda obadwa nawo monga cholowa, kuperewera kwa zakudya kumatha kuyambitsa cholesterol yambiri. Muzochitika zanjala yodzifunira komanso osayang'anira chikhalidwe cha chakudya, ndi zovuta zam'mimba komanso zovuta zina zamtundu, zizindikiro za kuchepa kwa lipid zimawonedwa.
Mpaka pano, madokotala azindikira matenda angapo obadwa nawo a dyslipidemic, omwe amadziwika ndi kuphwanya kwa lipid metabolism. Ndikotheka kuzindikira ma pathologies oterewa pogwiritsa ntchito ma lipid oyambirira ndikuwunika mayeso amitundu yonse.
- Hypercholesterolemia. Awa ndi matenda obadwa nawo omwe amapatsira anthu ena zambiri. Mulinso ma pathologies a ntchito ndi zochita za LDL receptors. Amadziwika ndi kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa LDL ndi chitukuko cha kupukusa atherosulinosis;
- Hypertriglyceridemia. Amadziwika ndi kuwonjezeka kwa triglycerides kuphatikiza ndi insulin kukaniza ndi kusakwanira kwa kayendetsedwe ka kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi milingo ya uric acid;
- Zosokoneza mu kagayidwe kachakudya njira ya mkulu osalimba lipoproteins. Ndi matenda osowa a autosomal momwe mumakhala masinthidwe amtundu, omwe amatsogolera kuchepa kwa HDL komanso atherosranceosis;
- Mitundu yosakanikirana ya hyperlipidemia.
Ngati vuto la kuphwanya kwa cholesterol m'thupi lapezeka, ndikofunikira kuchitira chithandizo, monga momwe dokotala wakupangira. Ambiri amatengera njira zina zochepetsera cholesterol, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala zothandiza komanso zimathandizira kuti cholesterol ikhale yachilendo, mosasamala kanthu zomwe zimayambitsa matenda komanso zaka za wodwalayo.
About metabolsterol metabolism akufotokozedwa mu kanema munkhaniyi.
