Cholesterol ndi chida chofunikira kwambiri chomanga maselo, mahomoni ofunikira, ndi mavitamini. Popanda izi, kugwira ntchito kwamkati mwa thupi lonse komanso thupi lonse la munthu sikungatheke. Pafupifupi 70% ya chinthucho imapangidwa ndi chiwindi, 30% yotsalayo imachokera ku chakudya. Cholesterol ndi gawo limodzi mwa zovuta zamafuta ndi mapuloteni - lipoproteins, chifukwa chake zimatengedwa kudzera m'magazi.
Ndi owonjezera, cholesterol imabwezedwa ku chiwindi, komwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Njira imeneyi ikasokonekera, kukula kwa mitsempha ya mitsempha kumachitika. Udindo waukulu pakapangidwe kazinthu zapamtunda amapatsidwa mafuta onenepa ngati otsika kachulukidwe.
Mu etiology ya atherosulinosis, kusintha ndi kusintha kosasiyanitsidwa kumasiyanitsidwa. Gulu loyamba lidaphatikizira masewera olimbitsa thupi, kuzunza mafuta a nyama, mowa, kusuta, kupsinjika pafupipafupi.
Palibe gawo lofunikira kwambiri lomwe limaseweredwe ndi matenda oopsa, pamene kuthamanga kwa magazi kudutsa 140/90 mm Hg. Art. Komanso, chosinthira etiological factor ndi shuga mellitus, kuchuluka kwa cholesterol yamagazi, mtundu wam'mimba wamafuta womwe kukula kwa amuna kumaposa 102 cm, azimayi - 88 cm
Gulu lachiwiri limaphatikizapo:
- zaka
- jenda
- cholowa.
Atherosulinosis yamitsempha yamagazi imayamba mwa amuna okulirapo kuposa zaka 45, azimayi atatha zaka 55. Komanso, matendawa amapezeka kawirikawiri mwa azimayi atayamba kusamba. Zina zoyipa zimayambitsa kuphwanya kwamkati mwa mitsempha yamagazi, amataya ntchito yawo yolepheretsa zachilengedwe.
Atherosulinosis: pathogenetic njira zachitukuko
Ndi atherosclerosis, njira ya pathological imayang'ana makoma amitsempha yamagazi, imayamba njira yowonongeka. Pa gawo loyamba la matendawa, mawonekedwe amafuta am'mimba, izi zimachitika pokhapokha.
Magawo oterewa amakhala achikasu, ndipo amakhala kutalika kwa mtsempha. Tsopano pali mathamangitsidwe pakupanga mawanga amafuta, vutoli limatchulidwa makamaka mwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga, kunenepa kwambiri, matenda oopsa.
Pa gawo lachiwiri la matendawa, mafupa am'mimba amadzaza pang'onopang'ono, maselo amadzisonkhanitsa, ndikuyesa kuyeretsa makhoma a mitsempha kuchokera ku lipids ndi ma microbies.
Kukhalitsa kwanthawi yayitali kumakwiyitsa:
- kuwonongeka kwa phokoso;
- kumera mu ochepa makoma a minofu yolumikizana;
- kusokonezeka kwa magazi.
Zotsatira zake, zikwangwani zimawoneka zomwe zimakwera pamwamba pa mtsempha wamagazi. Neoplasms imakhala chifukwa chakuchepetsa kwa lumen, kuphwanya magazi.
Gawo lotsiriza ndikupanga zolembedwa zovuta. Njira ya pathological imadziwika ndi kukula kwa zizindikiro zowoneka bwino za mtima wamatumbo. The etiology ya atherosulinosis imasiyana, koma mosasamala kanthu za zifukwa, zonsezo zimayambitsa ma deposits amafuta pazotengera ndi mitsempha.
Nthawi zina kukula kwa atherosulinosis kumatenga zaka makumi ambiri, njirayi imatha kuthamanga chifukwa cha zoopsa, ndikuchepetsedwa chifukwa cha chithandizo ndi njira zopewera.
Mowa chotupa
Zilonda zam'mimba za msempha zimapezeka kwambiri. Msempha ndi chotengera chachikulu cha thupi la munthu, chimayambira kumanzere kwamtima ndikufalikira kumankhwala ndi ziwalo zambiri zamkati.
Mitsempha imachokera ku thoracic aorta, imapereka magazi pachifuwa, miyendo yam'mwamba, khosi ndi mutu. Mimba ya m'mimba ndi malo omaliza, imapereka magazi kwa ziwalo zam'mimba. Gawo lomaliza lagawidwa kumanzere akumanzere ndi kumanja kwa iliac. Amadyetsa pelvis yochepa komanso malekezero otsika ndi magazi.
Ndi atherosulinosis ya thoracic aorta, kuwonongeka kwathunthu kapena pang'ono kumadziwika, zizindikiro za matendawa zimatengera malo omwe madipawo azikhala ndi zovuta zake. Mbali zazikuluzikulu zomwe muyenera kutchula:
- kusakhalapo kwa zizindikiro;
- Zizindikiro zoyambirira zimawonekera pofika zaka 60, pomwe chiwonongekocho chikufika pochititsa chidwi;
- chizungulire, kupweteka mutu;
- kumeza movutikira;
- kukalamba msanga ndi mawonekedwe a imvi.
Wodwala amakula msanga tsitsi la auricles lomwe limakhala ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi, kupweteka kwakanthawi kumbuyo kwa sternum.
Zowonongeka zam'mimba zimayendera limodzi ndi kuchepa kwa magazi mkati mwa ziwalo zamkati, amalankhula za matenda am'mimba ischemic.
Ndi atherosclerosis yam'mimba msempha, mavuto a chakudya amayamba, kutsekula m'mimba kumatha ndi kudzimbidwa. Kupweteka pamimba kumadziwika, kusapeza bwino kwakupezeka m'chilengedwe, kudalitsika sikulondola.
Ndi visceral vascular thrombosis, odwala matenda ashuga amawawa ndi ululu wowawa, ndizosatheka kuzithetsa ndi antispasmodics ndi painkillers.
Kupweteka kumalumikizidwa ndi kuwonongeka msanga mu thanzi. Poterepa, muyenera kulumikizana ndi adotolo mwachangu kuti athandizidwe.
Cerebral arteriosulinosis
Kuwonongeka kwa ziwiya zamaubongo kungatchulidwe bwino kuti ndiwo njira yotchuka kwambiri yodziwika bwino kwa atherosclerosis. Ndi matendawa, ziwiya zakunja ndi zakunja zomwe zimadyetsa ubongo zimavutika. Kukula kwa zizindikiro mwachindunji kumatengera kuchuluka kwa kugonja kwawo.
Ndi mtundu uwu wa atherosulinosis yamatenda, kugwira ntchito kwamkati mwa mitsempha kumachepa, chiwopsezo cha kugwidwa, matenda osokoneza bongo amawonjezereka.
Zizindikiro zoyambirira za matendawa zimawonekera muukalamba ndipo zimamasuliridwa ngati mawonekedwe a ukalamba wa thupi. Komabe, kukalamba ndi njira yosasinthika, ndipo ma cholesterol amana ndi etiopathogenesis osiyana.
Zizindikiro zoyambirira zidzakhala kuchepa kwakanthawi mu ziwalo zina za thupi, kuphwanya:
- ntchito zamagalimoto;
- kumva;
- malankhulidwe;
- kuwona.
Palinso zovuta za kugona, kukumbukira, maluso. Popita nthawi, mawonekedwe a wodwalayo amasintha, amakhala wokhumudwa mopitirira muyeso, amakhala woponderezedwa, amakhala m'malo ovuta.
Kwambiri atherosclerosis amapereka sitiroko, amene m`pofunika kuti amvetsetse necrosis mbali zina za ubongo.
Ngati sanalandire, kufalitsa matenda a atherosulinosis kumayambitsa matenda a shuga, omwe amadziwika ndi zovuta, kutsika kwamphamvu muubongo.
Chithunzi cha chipatala cha matenda am'mimba chimafanana kwambiri ndi matenda oopsa a encephalopathy, osteochondrosis.
Atherosulinosis ya miyendo
Kuwonetsedwa kwa cholesterol kumaika m'mitsempha yamagazi yam'munsi yotsika kukuwonetsa kuphwanya magazi, kusintha kwa ma trophic.
Matenda amtunduwu nthawi zambiri amayambitsa kukula kwa gangrene.
Atherosulinosis ya m'munsi yotalikirana imatha kuwonongeka pakakhala makulidwe amitsempha yolimba chifukwa cha cholesterol plaque, kupindika kwa lumen.
Ndi kupita patsogolo kwa kuchepetsa, thanzi la minofu imasokonezeka. Zotsatira zake, kuthekera kwa:
- zilonda zam'mimba;
- wandewu
- matenda ashuga;
- kutupa.
Woopsa, wodwalayo amawopsezedwa ndikudula dzanja.
Monga nthawi zina, chizindikiro cha matendawa kwa nthawi yayitali sichitha, chimadzipangitsa kumverera pambuyo pa zovuta zazikulu.
Chizindikiro chapadera cha matenda ndi kupweteka kwa minofu poyenda. Miyendo imapweteka chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa mpweya chifukwa cha kusakwanira kwa magazi ku minofu.
Pali magawo anayi a matenda. Pa gawo loyamba, kulimbitsa thupi mwamphamvu, kupweteka m'miyendo kumawoneka. Kupitilira apo, ululu umamveka mukuyenda mtunda waifupi. Mu gawo lachitatu, miyendo imapweteka ngakhale pakupuma.
Gawo lachinayi lomaliza limadziwika ndi mapangidwe magazi, zilonda zam'mimba ndi kukula kwa gangrene.
Mitsempha yama coronary
Matenda amtunduwu amakhumudwitsa matenda a mtima, omwe amayamba chifukwa chophwanya magazi kumtima. The etiology ya myocardial infarction ndi angina zimagwirizana ndi atherosulinosis. Ndi kufalikira pang'ono, kudwala matenda a mtima kumayamba, ndipo kufalikira kwamitsempha yamagazi kumayambitsa matenda a mtima.
Choyambitsa chachikulu chomwe chimasokoneza kayendedwe ka magazi kudzera m'mitsempha ya m'mimba ndimayendedwe a cholesterol m'mitsempha iyi. Mapilala amapindika pang'onopang'ono ndikuwononga makoma amitsempha, ndikuchepetsa kwambiri lumen mkati mwake.
Ndi matenda awa, wodwalayo amakhala ndi ululu woyaka mu sternum, nthawi zambiri imaperekera kumbuyo, phewa lamanzere, limawonjezeka ndi kulimbitsa thupi, pamavuto. Wodwala matendawa amakhala ndi kupuma movutikira, kumakhala wopanda mpweya, makamaka akagona. Chifukwa chake, iye nthawi zonse amayesetsa kukhala pansi.
Omwe akuukira akalandira chithandizo, mankhwala amakono:
- thandizirani kukonza thanzi labwino;
- chotsani mwachangu angina pectoris.
Zovuta za kupezeka kwa zolembedwa pamitsempha yama coronary ndi vuto la mtima, mtima. Zizindikiro zenizeni zamitsempha yama coronary zimatsimikiziridwa kudzera njira zapadera zodziwira matenda.
Kugonjetsedwa kwa zombo za mesenteric
Mtundu uwu wa atherosulinosis nthawi zambiri umawonetsedwa ndi ululu pamwamba pamimba, umachitika pambuyo pake, makamaka mutatha kudya.
Kutalika kwa nthawi yowukira sikupitilira mphindi zochepa, nthawi zina kumafika ola limodzi. Ululu umayenda ndi kudzimbidwa, kupindika, kutulutsa. Ululu ndi atherosulinosis, kutenga koloko ya sodium sikumapereka mpumulo.
Matendawa amatchedwanso toaddominal toad, amayamba chifukwa cha kusamvana mu kuchuluka kwa magazi ofunikira pakugwira bwino ntchito kwa m'mimba ndi kuchuluka kwake kwenikweni.
Chimodzi mwazovuta zake ndi kukhazikika kwa thrombosis m'matumbo a mesenteric, momwe matenda am'magazi amayendera limodzi ndi:
- nseru
- kupweteka kuzungulira navel;
- posungira gasi, chopondapo;
- kusanza mobwerezabwereza ndi secretion wa bile.
Mitsempha yamagazi ilipo m'misempha, m'mayendedwe a shuga, kutentha kwa thupi kumakwera, mkhalidwe wofooka umayamba. Matendawa amatha kumapeto kwa matumbo, kutsutsana ndi kumbuyo kwa zizindikiro za peritonitis.
Zambiri zokhudzana ndi atherosulinosis zimaperekedwa mu kanema munkhaniyi.
