Zizindikiro ndi mankhwala a mtima

Vascular atherosulinosis ndi kugonjetsedwa kwamitsempha yayikulu komanso yayikulu chifukwa chakuchulukana kwa mapangidwe atheromatous ndikukula pamakoma awo amkati. Zizindikiro zoyambira zam'madzi zimawonekera pokhapokha pakutseka chidziwitso choposa 50% cha chotengera. Pambuyo pake, kuphwanya kayendedwe ka magazi koyenera kumatha kukhala matenda a mtima, sitiroko, kugunda kwa mtima, ndi zina zambiri.

Kuzindikira matendawa kumaphatikizapo njira monga kudziwa kuchuluka kwa lipids, maphunziro a angiographic, ma ultrasound amitsempha yamagazi ndi mtima. Maziko a mankhwalawa ndi mankhwala, zakudya za cholesterol, ndipo pazochitika zambiri, kuchitapo kanthu opaleshoni.

Magawo a chitukuko cha matenda

Ngakhale kufala kwa matendawa, sikuti aliyense amadziwa kuti mtima ndi chiyani. Amadziwika ndi kufalikira kwa ma atherosselotic plaques pamitsempha ya mtima chifukwa cha kuphwanya mapuloteni ndi lipid metabolism.

Cholesterol ndi pawiri, 80% yomwe imapangidwa ndi ziwalo zamkati mwa munthu, ndipo 20% yokha imabwera ndi chakudya. Popeza sichisungunuka m'magazi, imasindikizidwa ku mankhwala apadera a mapuloteni - lipoproteins. Mitundu iwiri yayikulu yamankhwala imakhala yodziwika bwino: milingo yapamwamba ya lipoproteins (HDL) - yosungunuka kwambiri m'madzi, imalepheretsa kuyatsidwa kwa cholesterol plaques, kuchuluka kwa HDL m'magazi kumawonetsa kuti munthu ali ndi thanzi; otsika kachulukidwe lipoproteins (LDL) - insoluble mankhwala m'magazi awo, owonjezera amatsogolera kukuchokera kwa cholesterol mu mawonekedwe a zophuka ndi zolengeza.

Ndichizolowezi kusiyanitsa pakati magawo atatu apakati a kupita patsogolo kwa atherosulinosis yamitsempha yamagazi:

• Mawonekedwe a lipid mawanga. Ma Microcracks ndi kutsika kwakanthawi m'magazi kumathandizira kuti ziwonetsero zamafuta zipere mkati mwa mitsempha ya mitsempha. Ndi vuto la lipid ndi protein metabolism, mankhwala amapangidwa pamakoma omwe ali ndi lipids, kuphatikizapo cholesterol, ndi mapuloteni. Ndikosavuta kulingalira kuti gawo ili la matendawa limatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji, chifukwa kwa munthu aliyense payekha. Malo okhala ndi lipid amatha kuwonekera pansi pa microscope. Nthawi zina amapezeka ngakhale mwa makanda.
• Kukula kwa liposulinosis. Pakadali pano, phata la atherosselotic limapangidwa - kuphatikizika kwa minofu yolumikizana ndi adipose. Amakhala amadzimadzi, motero amatha kusungunuka, zomwe zimakhala zowopsa. Chowonadi ndi chakuti zidutswa za cholesterol amana zimatha kubisa kuwunikira kwa chotengera. Makoma a mitsempha yomwe amaikamo ma atheromatous amadwala ndipo amawonongeka.
• Maonekedwe a atherocalcinosis. Mapepala a Atherosulinotic amaphatikizika, mchere wamchere umayikidwa mu kapangidwe kake. Popita nthawi, amatha kukula kukula, kuchepetsa komanso kusintha mawonekedwe a mtsempha. Izi zimadzetsa kulephera kwa magazi kwa ziwalo, zomwe zimayambitsa njala. Komanso, mwayi wa occlusion (blockage pachimake) ya chotengera ndiwokwera ndi thrombus kapena zigawo za malo omwe adasweka.

Pali malingaliro akuti mawonekedwe a atherosulinosis amakhudzidwa ndi matenda opatsirana, ma genetic pathologies ndi kusintha kwamasinthidwe m'maselo.

Zowopsa za Atherosulinosis

Pali zifukwa zambiri komanso zinthu zomwe zimapangitsa mwayi wodwala matenda. Patsani gawo lanu zinthu zosasunthika, zothetsera komanso zotayira. Zinthu zomwe sizitha kuphatikizidwa ndi chithandizo chamankhwala kapena mphamvu ya munthuwe zimawonedwa ngati zakupha.

Izi zikuphatikiza:

1. m'badwo - ukalamba, kuyambira zaka 45-50, kusintha kwa atherosulinotic nthawi zambiri kumachitika;
2. jenda - chiopsezo cha atherosclerosis mwa amuna ndi 4 kanthawi kochepetsa matenda mwa akazi, ndipo matendawa amapezeka zaka 10 kale kuposa anyamata;
3. chibadwa - pali lingaliro kuti kupezeka kwa abale omwe ali ndi matenda amtunduwu kumawonjezera mwayi wakukula kwake wazaka zosakwana 50.

Zochitika zina zamatenda ndi matenda omwe amatha kuwongolera amatha kuthetsedwa. Izi zikuphatikiza:

• Dyslipidemia. Ndikuphwanya mafuta kagayidwe, momwe mumakhala kuchuluka kwa cholesterol, LDL ndi triglycerides. Zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakukula kwa matendawa.
• Matenda oopsa. Amadziwika ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kupanikizika kopitilira 140/90 mm Hg, komwe pakupita nthawi kumayambitsa kutsika kwa elasticity ndi mphamvu yamitsempha. Izi zimapangitsanso malo abwino opangira zolembera.
• Intoxication ndi matenda. Matenda opatsirana komanso kuledzera osiyanasiyana kumawononga mphamvu ya mtima.
• Kunenepa kwambiri komanso matenda ashuga. Kukhalapo kwa matenda osachepera awiri amodzi kumawonjezera mwayi wa kuchuluka kwa ma atheromatous kukula kwa 5-7. Mu shuga, pali kuphwanya mafuta kagayidwe ndi kufooka kwa mitsempha.

Zoyipa ndizomwe zimatha kuchotsedwa palokha posintha momwe mukukhalira.

Izi zikuphatikiza:

1. Zizolowezi zoipa. Choyamba, ziyenera kudziwika kuti kusuta, chifukwa chikonga komanso ma sumu omwe amapezeka m'magazi amawonongeka. Osuta omwe ali ndi "chidziwitso" nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi vuto la matenda oopsa, hyperlipidemia ndi matenda a mtima a ischemic. Kumwa pafupipafupi mowa kumakhudzanso mitsempha ya magazi.
2. Moyo wopanda ntchito. Hypodynamia imabweretsa vuto mu metabolism ndi kukula kwa matenda akulu - kunenepa kwambiri, mtima wamatenda ndi matenda ashuga.

Gulu lomweli limaphatikizaponso zizolowezi zoyenera kudya. Kugwiritsa ntchito mosalekeza zakudya, zakudya zamafuta, mchere komanso kusungidwa kumawonjezera mwayi wa kusokonezeka kwa metabolid.

Gulu ndi zizindikiro za matendawa

Pamene matenda akukulira, nthawi ya asymptomatic ndi yamankhwala iyenera kusiyanitsidwa. Izi ndichifukwa choti zizindikiro zoyambirira za matendawa zimadziwika pokhapokha 50% ya kuunikira kwa mtsempha wamagazi. Matendawa amasankhidwa malinga ndi ziwiya zomwe zakhudzidwa.

Zizindikiro za atherosulinosis zimasiyananso kwambiri.

Zotsatira zakukula kwa matenda

Popeza mtima atherosulinosis suwonekera mwanjira iliyonse kwa nthawi yayitali, imatha kubweretsa zovuta zambiri kwa mwiniwake.

Dziwani kuti zovuta za matenda ngati amenewa nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi vuto losatsimikizika.

Nthawi zambiri, chifukwa cha kupita patsogolo kwa atherosulinosis, odwala ali ndi zovuta zotsatirazi:

• matenda a mtima;
• chosakhalitsa ischemic attack (kuphwanya kwamphamvu kwa magazi kuubongo kapena m'maso);
• myocardial infarction;
• matenda a hemorrhagic kapena vuto la mtima;
• aneortic aneurysm (njira yokhayo ndi kuchitapo kanthu opaleshoni);
• aakulu aimpso kulephera;
• mesenteric thrombosis kapena sekondale ya mesenteric;
• necrosis ya miyendo kapena matumbo (yankho lokhalo ndikudula).

Udindo wofunikira kwambiri pakuchiza matenda a atherosulinosis umaseweredwa ndikuwonetsetsa panthawi yake. Kupanda kutero, matendawa amakhala ndi mavuto ambiri, kuphatikizapo Matenda a mtima wa Ischemic.

Nthawi zambiri zowonongeka kwa zotumphukira ndi ziwiya zikuluzikulu, zimachitika.

Mfundo za matenda atherosulinosis

Choyamba, katswiri wamtima wamtima amamvera madandaulo a wodwala, amatenga deta ya mbiri ya zamankhwala komanso zangozi.

Matendawa akuwonetsedwa ndi zizindikiro monga kutupa, kusinthika kwa trophic, kuchepa thupi, kupezeka kwa wen pamthupi, matenda oopsa komanso kusintha kwa kusintha kwamitsempha yamagazi.

Kuzindikira kwa atherosulinosis kumaphatikizapo njira zingapo.

Izi zikuphatikiza:

1. Kafukufuku wa Laborator. Matendawa akuwonetsa kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa cholesterol, LDL ndi triglycerides m'mwazi.
2. Aortography. Ndi atherosulinosis, mothandizidwa ndi kafukufukuyu, ndizotheka kukhazikitsa kupangika, kuwongolera ndi kuwongolera kwa msempha. Kukula kwa Aneurysm ndi aortic m'chigawo cha thoracic kapena m'mimba ndizothekanso.
3. Zotsatira Kuyeserera kumachitika ndi kusintha kwa ma atheromatous m'matumbo a coronary.
4. Angiography. Pobweretsa zosiyana ndi ma radiology, ndizotheka kuyang'ana momwe ziwiya zam'munsi zimakhalira.
5. Dopplerography (Doppler ultrasound) yamatumbo a impso. Njirayi imathandizira ndikutsutsa kuwonekera kwa malo omwe akuwoneka kuti ali m'mitsempha ya impso.
6. Ultrasound ya mitsempha ya m'munsi malekezero, mtima ndi msempha. Imathandizira kuzindikira ma atherosclerotic malo, kupezeka kwa magazi ndikutsitsa magazi.

Kuphatikiza apo, kukonzanso kwa malekezero am'munsi kumagwiritsidwa ntchito. Amasankhidwa nthawi zina kuwunika momwe magazi amayendera.

Chithandizo chachipatala ndi opaleshoni

Ndikosatheka kuchira ku atherosulinosis kamodzi kokha: matenda awa amafunikira chisamaliro chapadera.

Chithandizo cha matenda chithupsa kuchepetsa kuchepa kwa mafuta m'thupi ndi chakudya, kuwonjezera kagayidwe kachakudya mu thupi, kutenga estrogen pa nthawi ya kusamba ndi kukhudza causative othandizira matenda.

Mankhwala osokoneza bongo a pathology amaphatikizapo magulu angapo a mankhwala ogwira mtima.

Njira zochizira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito:

• Fibates ndi mankhwala omwe amachepetsa kaphatikizidwe ka mafuta. Katswiri wokhawo yemwe angasankhe mankhwala, chifukwa pali chiopsezo cha kusowa kwa magazi kwa hepatic ndi cholelithiasis.
• Niacin ndi zotumphukira zake ndi mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti achepetse cholesterol ndi triglycerides, komanso kuwonjezera HDL. Gulu la mankhwalawa limaphatikizidwa mu matenda a chiwindi.
• Statin ndi mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri polimbana ndi matenda a atherosulinosis ndi matenda ena omwe amagwirizana ndi cholesterol yayikulu. Limagwirira ntchito ndicholinga chofuna kuti athandize kupanga thupi.
• Zotsatira za LCD ndi mankhwala omwe amamanga ndikuyeretsa matumbo kuchokera ku bile acid. Chifukwa cha izi, kuchuluka kwa lipids ndi cholesterol kumachepetsedwa kwambiri. Mwa zina zoyipa, kupezeka kwa mpweya ndi kudzimbidwa zimasiyanitsidwa.

Monga chithandizo chowonjezereka, adotolo atha kukulemberani mankhwala okhala ndi omega-6 ndi omega-3 polyunsaturated mafuta acids, sedative, ndi vitamini-mineral complexes.

Pokhala ndi chiopsezo chachikulu cha chotchingira mitsempha, chikwangwani kapena magazi amayamba kugwiritsa ntchito njira zochizira.

Ndi atherosulinosis, ntchito zotsatirazi zimachitika:

1. Endarterectomy - mawonekedwe a cholesterol plaque omwe ali ndi gawo la khoma lowonongeka.
2. Opaleshoni yam'mimba - kuchepetsedwa kwa chotengera chogwiritsa ntchito balloon catheter ndikutsatiridwa ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa stent m'dera lachepetsedwa.

Kuphatikiza apo, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa ma coronary artery kudutsa - ntchito yomwe imalepheretsa kuphatikizika kwa myocardial infarction.

Zoneneratu komanso njira zodzitetezera

Pozindikira kwakanthawi kwamitsempha yamagazi, zizindikiro ndi mankhwala a atherosulinosis, matendawa amatha kukhala abwino. Kutsatira zakudya zopatsa thanzi komanso kukhala ndi moyo wogwira ntchito kumatanthauza kupewa mapangidwe atsopano opangira ma atheromatous ndi ziwiya zolimbitsa.

Kuwoneka kwa kuphwanya kwamphamvu kwa magazi ku ziwalo ndi mapangidwe a necrotic amawonetsa kuwonongeka kwa mkhalidwe wa wodwalayo komanso momwe adutsira.

Gawo lofunika kwambiri pa chithandizo cha matendawa limaseweredwa ndi zakudya za hypocholesterol. Malinga ndi malangizowo, menyu wodwala ayenera kukhala ndi zinthu zotsatirazi:

• nyama yokhala ndi mafuta ochepa komanso nsomba zamafuta;
• mafuta opanda lactic acid zinthu;
• mafuta masamba;
• njere zokhala ndi michere yazachilengedwe;
• tiyi wobiriwira, ma compotes osavomerezeka, uzvar;
• zipatso zosaphika, masamba, zipatso ndi zitsamba.

Komanso, zakudya zomwe zimachulukitsa cholesterol ziyenera kuperekedwa kuchakudya:

1. zotsekemera, zokazinga, mchere komanso zosuta;
2. mafuta a nyama (kirimu wowawasa, mafuta anyama, zonona);
3. nyama yamafuta ndi nsomba;
4. offal (ubongo, chiwindi);
5. dzira;
6. mikate yoyera, kuphika, makeke;
7. chokoleti, makeke, maswiti;
8. zakudya zosavuta ndi chakudya chofulumira;
9. khofi wamphamvu ndi tiyi, koloko yokoma;
10. zopangidwa mkaka ndi mafuta okwanira%.

Ndikofunikira kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mchere muzakudya zanu za tsiku ndi tsiku. Njira yovomerezeka ndi mpaka magalamu 5 patsiku. Mukamadya zakudya zamchere zochuluka, kuchuluka kwa madzi m'thupi kumachuluka, kuchuluka kwa magazi, zomwe zimakhudza malo a ziwiya.

Pofuna kupewa cholesterol yayitali, ndikofunikira kudya maapulo wobiriwira, mphesa, chivwende, quince ndi sitiroberi zamtchire pamimba yopanda kanthu.

Polimbana ndi atherosulinosis, mafuta a linseed ali ndi mafuta ochulukirapo a polyunsaturated acid ndi mavitamini. Patsiku limaloledwa kumwa 2 tbsp. l mafuta pamimba yopanda kanthu, otsukidwa ndi madzi.

Palinso mitundu ingapo ya mankhwala wowerengeka yogwiritsidwa ntchito popewa komanso kuchiza matenda a atherosulinosis. Komabe, musanagwiritse ntchito, kufunsira kwa katswiri wochizira ndikofunikira.

Momwe mungagwiritsire matenda a atherosmithosis a zombo ziwuza katswiri mu kanemayu.