Nkhani yabwino: jakisoni wa insulin angathe kuchitidwa mopanda kupweteka. Ndikofunikira kudziwa bwino njira yoyendetsera makutu. Muyenera kuti mwakhala mukutenga matenda a shuga ndi insulin kwazaka zambiri, ndipo nthawi iliyonse mukayamwa, zimapweteka. Chifukwa chake, izi zimachitika kokha chifukwa chakuti mukubaya molakwika. Phunzirani zomwe zalembedwa pansipa, kenako yesetsani - ndipo simudzadandaula za jakisoni wa insulin.
Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri, omwe sanalandire jakisoni wa insulin, amakhala zaka zambiri akuopa kuti angadalire insulin ndikumva ululu chifukwa cha jakisoni. Anthu ambiri odwala matenda ashuga sagona usiku chifukwa cha izi. Phunzirani luso la insulin yopanda ululu ndikuwonetsetsa kuti palibe chilichonse chodandaula.
Chifukwa chiyani onse odwala matenda ashuga amitundu iwiri amafunika kuphunzira momwe angabayire insulin
Kuphunzira jakisoni wa insulin ndikofunikira kwambiri kwa odwala matenda amtundu uliwonse 2. Muyenera kuchita izi ngakhale mutha kuwongolera shuga lanu la magazi popanda insulini, zakudya zamafuta ochepa, masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso mapiritsi. Komabe, kukhala kofunikira kuti muwerenge nkhaniyi ndikukonzekera pasadakhale, kudzipangira jakisoni wa yankho losabala ndi msuzi wa insulin.
Izi ndi chiyani? Chifukwa mukakhala ndi matenda opatsirana - kuzizira, kuwola kwameno, kutupa m'm impso kapena mafupa - ndiye kuti shuga ya magazi imakwera kwambiri, ndipo simungathe kuchita popanda insulini. Matenda opatsirana amachulukitsa kukana kwa insulini, i.e., amachepetsa chidwi cha maselo kuti apange insulin. Nthawi zambiri, wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2 amatha kukhala ndi insulin yokwanira, yomwe imapangidwa ndi kapamba wake, kuti akhale ndi shuga wabwinobwino. Koma panthawi ya matenda opatsirana, insulin yanu pacholinga ichi sichingakhale chokwanira.
Monga mukudziwa, insulin imapangidwa ndi ma cell a pancreatic beta. Matenda a shuga amayamba chifukwa maselo ambiri a beta amafa pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana. Ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu 2, timayesetsa kuchepetsa nkhawa zawo kuti tisapume. Zomwe zimachitika kawiri ndizomwe zimapangitsa kufa kwa maselo a beta ndizochuluka kwambiri, komanso kuwopsa kwa glucose, ndiye kuti, amaphedwa ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.
Pa matenda opatsirana, kukana insulini kumakulitsidwa. Zotsatira zake, maselo a beta amafunikira kuti apange insulin yambiri. Tikukumbukira kuti ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, amayamba kufooka kale ndipo nthawi zonse amakhala kuti sangathe kuchita bwino. Poyerekeza ndi kumbuyo kwa nkhondo yolimbana ndi matenda, katundu waku beta cell amakhala woletsa. Komanso, shuga wamagazi amatuluka, ndipo poyizoni wa glucose amawakhudza. Gawo lalikulu la maselo a beta amatha kufa chifukwa cha matenda opatsirana, ndipo matenda amtundu wa 2 adzakulirakulira. Pazowopsa kwambiri, mtundu wa 2 shuga udzasinthidwa kukhala mtundu woyamba wa shuga.
Zomwe zafotokozedwa m'ndime yapitayi zimachitika nthawi zambiri. Ngati matenda a shuga a mtundu 2 asintha kukhala mtundu woyamba wa shuga, ndiye kuti mukuyenera kutenga jakisoni 5 wa insulin tsiku lililonse moyo. Osanena kuti chiopsezo cha kulumala chifukwa cha zovuta za shuga chikuwonjezereka, ndipo chiyembekezo cha moyo chimachepa. Kuti mutsimikizire pamavuto, ndibwino kwambiri kubaya insulin kwakanthawi panthawi ya matenda opatsirana. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kudziwa luso la jakisoni osapweteka pasadakhale, phunzirani ndipo khalani okonzeka kugwiritsa ntchito ngati kuli kofunikira.
Momwe mungapereke jakisoni popanda kupweteka
Muyenera kuphunzitsa munjira ya insulin yopanda ululu popanga jakisoni wothira mchere wosalimba wokha ndi syringe ya insulin. Ngati dotolo akudziwa njira yovalira jakisoni wopanda ululu, azitha kukuwonetsani. Ngati sichoncho, ndiye kuti mutha kuphunzira nokha. Insulin nthawi zambiri imayendetsedwa mwachisawawa, i.e., m'matumbo a mafuta pansi pa khungu. Madera a thupi la munthu omwe amakhala ndi mafuta ochulukirapo amasonyezedwa m'chifanizochi pansipa.
Tsopano dzizolowere pakhungu lanu m'malo awa kuti mupukute khungu ndi chala chachikulu ndi cholocha cha manja onse awiri.
M'manja ndi miyendo ya anthu, mafuta onunkhira nthawi zambiri samakwanira. Ngati jakisoni wa insulin achitidwa pamenepo, amapezeka osati mwanjira zosiyanasiyana, koma kudzera m'mitsempha. Zotsatira zake, insulini imagwira ntchito mwachangu komanso mosayembekezereka. Komanso, jakisoni wa mu mnofu ululu kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, sibwino kupaka insulin m'manja ndi m'miyendo.
Ngati dokotala wakuphunzitsani luso la insulin yopanda ululu, ndiye kuti adzadziwonetsa yekha momwe zimakhalira kupanga jakisoni, ndikuti palibe ululu womwe umachitika. Kenako adzakupemphani kuti muzichita. Kuti muchite izi, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito syringe yopanda kanthu kapena yodzaza ndi saline pafupifupi magawo asanu.
Ndi dzanja limodzi mudzapereka jakisoni. Ndipo ndi dzanja lanu lina tsopano muyenera kutenga khungu kukhala lodetsedwa pamalo omwe mungadzapweteke. Gwiritsani ntchito zala zanu kuti mugwire minofu yaying'ono yokha yomwe yawonetsedwa.
Pankhaniyi, simukuyenera kudzipanikiza kwambiri ndikudzipweteka nokha. Muyenera kukhala omasuka kugwira khungu. Ngati muli ndi mafuta osunthika m'chiuno - pitani mukasambe. Ngati sichoncho, gwiritsani ntchito gawo lina ndi lomwe lasonyezedwa pamwambapa.
Pafupifupi munthu aliyense pamatako ali ndi mafuta okwanira osakwanira kuti athe kubayira insulin pamenepo popanda kupanga khungu. Ingomvererani mafuta pansi pakhungu ndikuyamba kumayamwa.
Gwirani syringe ngati dart board dart ndi chala chanu ndi zala ziwiri kapena zitatu. Tsopano chinthu chofunikira kwambiri. Kuti jakisoni wa insulin asapweteke, ayenera kuthamanga kwambiri. Dziwani momwe mungabayitsire, ngati kuti mukuponyera dart mukamasewera zodyera. Iyi ndi njira ya makonzedwe osapweteka. Mukalidziwa bwino, simungamve chilichonse momwe singano ya insulin imalowera pakhungu.
Kukhudza khungu ndi nsonga ya singano kenako kufinya ndi njira yolakwika yomwe imayambitsa kupweteka kosafunikira. Osaba jakisoni mwanjira imeneyi, ngakhale utakhala kuti waphunzitsidwa pasukulu ya matenda ashuga. Pangani khola la khungu ndikupereka jekeseni kutengera kutalika kwa singano pa syringe, monga akuwonetsera. Mwachidziwikire, syringeing yatsopano-singano ndiyothandiza kwambiri.
Kubalalitsa syringe, muyenera kuyambira 10 cm mpaka pomwepo kuti akhale ndi nthawi yopeza liwiro ndipo singano imalowa pansi pakhungu. Jakisoni woyenera wa insulin ali ngati kuponyera dart mukamasewera, koma musalole kuti syringe ituluke zala zanu, musalole kuti idulidwe. Mumapatsa mphamvu ya syringe posuntha mkono wanu wonse, kuphatikiza dzanja lanu lamanja. Ndipo kumapeto kwenikweni komwe mkono umayenda, ndikuwongolera kwenikweni nsonga ya malo oyenera khungu. Pamene singano ilowa pakhungu, pakani pisitoni njira yonse kuti mupeze madzi. Osachotsa singano nthawi yomweyo. Yembekezani masekondi 5 kenako ndikuchotsa ndikuyenda mwachangu.
Palibenso chifukwa chobayira jakisoni pa malalanje kapena zipatso zina. Mutha kuyeserera nokha kuti “mutaye” syringe pamalo a jakisoni, ngati kabowo pachoko, ndi chingwe cha singano. Mapeto, chinthu chachikulu ndikuti mupeze insulin koyamba kugwiritsa ntchito njira yoyenera. Mudzaona kuti jakisoni sanali wopweteka konsekonso kuthamanga kwanu. Jakisoni wotsatira mutha kuchita zoyambira. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kudziwa luso, ndipo kulimba mtima kulibe vuto lililonse.
Momwe mungadziritsire syringe
Musanawerenge momwe mungaziritsire syringe ndi insulin, ndikofunikira kuti muphunzire nkhani ya "insulin, manyowa ndi singano zawo".
Tikufotokoza njira yachilendo yodzaza syringe. Ubwino wake ndiwakuti palibe mawonekedwe a mpweya mu syringe. Ngati jakisoni wa ma insulin air Bubble atalowa pansi pa khungu, ndiye kuti izi sizowopsa. Komabe, zimatha kupotoza zolondola ngati insulin ingalowe m'malo ochepa.
Malangizo pang'onopang'ono omwe afotokozedwa pansipa ndi oyenera amitundu yonse yoyera, yowoneka bwino ya insulin. Ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito turbid insulin (ya Hagedorn's protamine - NPH, imapangidwanso), tsatirani njira zomwe zafotokozedwa pansipa mu gawo "Momwe mungadzazire syringe ndi NPH-insulin yochokera ku vial". Kuphatikiza pa NPH, insulini ina iliyonse iyenera kuwonekera bwino. Ngati madzi omwe ali mu botolo mwadzidzidzi atakhala mitambo, zikutanthauza kuti insulini yanu yasokonekera, yataya mphamvu yake yochepetsera shuga, ndipo iyenera kutayidwa.
Chotsani kapu ku singano ya syringe. Ngati pali chipewa china pa piston, chotseranso. Sungani mpweya wambiri momwe mukufunira kulowa mu syringe. Mapeto a chisindikizo pa piston pafupi kwambiri ndi singano akuyenera kuchoka pa zero zero pamalowo kupita pa chilembo chomwe chikufanana ndi insulin yanu. Ngati chosindikizira chili ndi mawonekedwe ofanana, ndiye kuti muyeso uyenera kuyang'aniridwa mbali yake yonse, osati pachakumwa.
Kulowetsani syringe ndi chingwe chomata chosungidwa pamabotolo pafupifupi pakati. Tulutsani mpweya ku syringe kulowa. Izi ndizofunikira kuti vacuum sipangidwe mu botolo, ndikuti nthawi yotsatira ndikosavuta kutola mlingo wa insulin. Pambuyo pake, tembenuzirani syringe ndi botolo ndikuzigwira monga zikuwonetsera pansipa.
Gwirizani syringe m'manja mwanu ndi chala chanu chaching'ono kuti singano isatuluke pachifuwa cha botolo, kenako ndikoka pansi piston. Sungani insulini mu syringe pafupi magawo 10 ochulukirapo kuposa mlingo womwe mukufuna kupaka jekeseni. Kupitiliza kugwirizira syringe ndi vial mowongoka, ndikanikizani pang'onopang'ono mpaka madzi ochuluka monga akufunika atsalira mu syringe. Mukamachotsa syringe mu vial, pitilizani kulimba mbali yonseyo.
Momwe mungadziritsire syringe ndi NPH-insulin protafan
Medium Leng Insulin (NPH-insulin, yomwe imatchedwanso protafan) imaperekedwa mumbale zomwe zimakhala ndi madzi komanso timitengo tatsitsi. Tizilombo tamadontho tating'onoting'ono timakhazikika pansi pomwe mumasiya botolo ndipo silisuntha. Pamaso pa mulingo uliwonse wa NPH-insulin, muyenera kugwedeza botolo kuti madzi ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tiyimitsidwe, ndiye kuti tizinthu tomwe timayandama timadzi tomwe timayendera limodzi. Kupanda kutero, zochita za insulin sizingakhale zokhazikika.
Kuti mugwiritse insulin ya protafan, muyenera kugwedeza botolo kangapo. Mutha kugwedeza botolo mosamala ndi NPH-insulin, sipadzakhala cholakwika chilichonse, palibe chifukwa chakugubuduza pakati pa manja anu. Chachikulu ndikuwonetsetsa kuti tinthu tambiri timayandama mosiyanasiyana m'madzi. Pambuyo pake, chotsani kapu ku syringe ndikumapukusa mpweya kulowa mu vial, monga tafotokozera pamwambapa.
Ngati syringe ili kale m'botolo ndipo mungayang'anire yonse, gwedezani gawo lonse kangapo. Pangani mayendedwe 6-10 kuti chimphepo chamkuntho chichitike mkatimo, monga zikuwonetsera pansipa.
Tsopano kukani piston kwa inu kuti mudzaze ndi insulin yambiri. Chachikulu apa ndikuti mudzaze syringe mwachangu, atakonza namondwe m'botolo kuti tinthu tating'onoting'ono tisakhale ndi nthawi yokwanira kukhazikika pamakoma. Zitatha izi, kupitilizabe kugwirizira dongosolo lonse, pang'onopang'ono tulutsani insulini yambiri ku syringe mpaka mlingo womwe umafunikira ukhalebe. Chotsani syringe mosamala mosamala monga tafotokozera m'gawo lapita.
Pankhani yogwiritsanso ntchito ma insulin
Mtengo wapachaka wa zotayira za insulin zotha kukhala zofunikira kwambiri, makamaka ngati mumatenga majakisoni angapo a insulin tsiku lililonse. Chifukwa chake, timayesedwa kugwiritsa ntchito syringe iliyonse kangapo. Sizokayikitsa kuti mwanjira iyi mumatenga mtundu wina wa matenda opatsirana. Koma ndikuthekera kwambiri kuti insulin polymerization ichitika chifukwa cha izi. Ndalama zomwe zingasungidwe pamakola a syringe zimabweretsa kutayika kwakukulu chifukwa choti mutaye insulin, yomwe ikumaipa.
Dr. Bernstein m'buku lake amafotokoza zochitika zotsatirazi. Wodwalayo amamuyimbira ndikudandaula kuti shuga yake yamwazi imakhalabe yokwera, ndipo palibe njira yowazimitsira. Poyankha, adokotala amafunsa ngati insulini ikadali yowala bwino komanso yowonekera bwino. Wodwalayo amayankha kuti insulin ndi mitambo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti polymerization yachitika, chifukwa chomwe insulin idalephera kuchepetsa shuga. Kuti muyambenso kuthana ndi matenda ashuga, muyenera kusintha botolo mwachangu.
Dr. Bernstein akutsindika kuti polymerisation ya insulin posachedwa imachitika ndi odwala ake onse omwe akufuna kugwiritsanso ntchito ma syringe enawo. Izi ndichifukwa chakuti mothandizidwa ndi mpweya, insulini imasandulika kukhala makhiristo. Izi makhiristo amakhalabe mkati singano. Ngati jekeseni yotsatira ilowa mu vial kapena cartridge, izi zimayambitsa kuphatikizika kwa ma polymerization. Izi zimachitika ndi mitundu iwiri ya insulin yomwe imakulitsidwa komanso mwachangu.
Momwe mungabayitsire mitundu yambiri ya insulin nthawi imodzi
Nthawi zambiri pamakhala zochitika zina pamene muyenera kuchita jakisoni wa mitundu ingapo ya insulin nthawi imodzi. Mwachitsanzo, m'mawa m'mimba yopanda kanthu muyenera kubaya jakisoni wa tsiku ndi tsiku wa insulin yowonjezera, komanso kuphatikiza insulin yocheperako kuti muchepetse shuga, komanso kufupikitsa chakudya cham'mawa chochepa. Zinthu ngati izi zimachitika osati m'mawa wokha.
Choyamba, jekeseni insulin yothamanga kwambiri, i.e. ultrashort. Kumbuyo kwake ndi kwakanthawi, ndipo pambuyo poti kwayamba kale. Ngati insulin yanu yayitali ndi Lantus (glargine), ndiye kuti jakisoni wake uyenera kuchitidwa ndi syringe yosiyana. Ngakhale mlingo wochepetsetsa wa insulin ina iliyonse ukalowa mosavomerezeka ndi Lantus, ndiye kuti acidity isintha, chifukwa chomwe Lantus itaya zina mwazochita zake ndipo ichita mosayembekezera.
Osasakanikirana mitundu ingapo ya insulin m'mabotolo amodzi kapena mu syringe yomweyo, ndipo osabaira mankhwala osakanikirana ndi okonzeka. Chifukwa amachita zinthu mosakonzekera. Njira yokhayo yocheperako kwambiri ndikugwiritsa ntchito insulin yomwe ili ndi gawo la ndulu ya Hagedorn (protafan) kuti muchepetse insulin yochepa musanadye. Njirayi imapangidwira odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a gastroparesis. Amachepetsa m'mimba atatha kudya - vuto lalikulu lomwe limapangitsa kuti shuga isamayende bwino, ngakhale kudya zakudya zochepa.
Zoyenera kuchita ngati gawo la insulin latayikira kuchokera pamalowo jakisoni
Pambuyo pa jekeseni, ikani chala chanu pamalo opaka jakisoni, kenako ndikulipiritsa. Ngati mbali ya insulin yomwe yatulutsidwa kuchokera kuchotsekera, ndiye kuti mumanunkhira mankhwala otchedwa metacrestol. Panthawi imeneyi, simuyenera kubaya jakisoni wowonjezera wa insulin! Pazithunzi zakudziletsa, lembani zomwe akuti, panali zotayika. Izi zikufotokozera chifukwa chake muzikhala ndi shuga wambiri. Sinthani mtundu wina pambuyo pake pamene mankhwalawo a insulin atha kale.
Pambuyo jakisoni wa insulin, madontho a magazi amatha kukhalabe pa zovala. Makamaka ngati mwabaya mwangozi magazi apansi pansi pa khungu. Werengani momwe mungachotsere madontho a magazi pazovala ndi hydrogen peroxide.
Munkhaniyi, mwaphunzira momwe amapangira jakisoni wa insulini mopanda chinyengo pogwiritsa ntchito njira yovalira jakisoni. Njira ya kubayira insulin mopanda ululu sikuthandiza kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa 1, komanso kwa odwala onse omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2. Mukadwala matenda opatsirana a shuga a 2, insulini yanu ingakhale yosakwanira, ndipo shuga ya magazi imadumpha kwambiri. Zotsatira zake, gawo lalikulu la maselo a beta amatha kufa, ndipo matenda a shuga achulukana. Pazowopsa kwambiri, mtundu wa 2 shuga udzasinthidwa kukhala mtundu woyamba wa shuga. Kuti mudzilimbikitse nokha pamavuto, muyenera kudziwa njira yoyenera yochitira insulin pasadakhale, mpaka mutachira, matenda anu osakhalitsa.
